An Internationl Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Jan - Feb, 2019, Vol-6/49

Impact Factor: 6.371

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2019-03-01

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EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TRAINING ENDURANCE TRAINING AND COMBINED TRAINING ON SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS VARIABLES

Mr. Shashi Bhushan & Prof. Amaresh kumar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11606 - 11611

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The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of resistance training, endurance training and combined training on selected physical fitness variables. Sixty male students aged between 17 and 22 years were selected for the study. They were divided into four equal groups, each group consisting of fifteen subjects in which Group I underwent resistance training, group II underwent endurance training, group III underwent combined training three days per week for twelve weeks and group IV acted as control, which did not participate in any training. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variables such as leg strength, back strength and cardio-respiratory endurance at prior to and immediately after the training period. For testing the leg strength and back strength, the dynamometer was used and to test the cardio-respiratory endurance, the Cooper’s 12 minutes run/walk test was administered. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant difference if any, between the experimental groups and control group on selected criterion variables separately. Since there were four groups involved in the present study, the Scheffé S test was used as post-hoc test. The selected criterion variables such as leg strength, back strength and cardio-respiratory endurance were improved significantly for all the training groups when compared with the control group and the leg and back strength were improved significantly for resistance training group and in cardio-respiratory endurance, the endurance training group was significantly improved.

Key Words: Resistance training, endurance training, physical fitness, leg strength, back strength and cardio-respiratory endurance.

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Tudor O. Bompa, Periodization : Theory and Methodology of Training, (4th ed.,), (Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1999), p.54. Dietrich Harre, Principles of Sports Training, (Sportverlag, Berlin 1982), p.10.

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DEVELOPMENT OF READING WITH COMPREHENSION SKILL IN ENGLISH

Prof. B. J. Mundhe

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11621 - 11622

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In the teaching-learning process, the act of reading has to be given adequate importance. It is through reading; a student has the chance of improving one’s vocabulary and comes across the style of presentation. Students read more widely and think more deeply as they grow. The new thoughts call for words they have never used before, and more complex and more subtle arrangements, of words, phrases and sentences, and so there is a need for refining and extending the reading skills, as teacher educators, the author has found that the more one reads, these aspects get registered in the mind and is spontaneously reflected in their speech and writing. A good reader is often seen as a good writer as well as a good speaker. How well we teach a second language will depend on how well we teach reading English.

Keywords: Reading, Comprehension, Reading with comprehension

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Philomena De Condappa, P. Sivakumar and S.Sudalaimuthu, (2012), Enhancing Reading Skills through Multimedia, New Delhi: Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd Ahuja, C.C.and Ahuja P. (1987), How to Increase Reading Speed. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers private Limited.(pg 63-64)

AN APPRAISAL OF CHIPKO MOVEMENT

Mitra Mondal

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11623 - 11625

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Environmental movement occurs due to degradation of environmental quality which in turn affects socio economic conditions of the local people. Chipko was the first environmental movement by village women of hilly areas after independence. The tribal women played a novel role in this movement as their daily work associated with directly and indirectly with forests resources .Deforestation makes their life difficult. This movement started to protect the forest cover in hilly areas.

Key words: Conservation, deforestation, environmental, movement, protect

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Ahuja, ram.2004. Society in India.jaipurRawat Publication Banaszak, Lee, Ann.1996.Why Movements Succeeds or Fail, Princeton: Princeton University Press Hasnain, Nadeem.2004. Indian Society and Culture: Continuity and Change. New Delhi:Jawahar Publishers and Distributers.

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JILHA PARISHDECHYA SHALANT PRATHMIK SHIKSHNAT TANTRDNYANACHA SHIKSHNAVER ZALELYA PARINAMKARUKTECHA ABHYAS

Shri. Nanasaheb Walmik Kurhade

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11626 - 11631

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जिल्हा परिषदेच्या शाळांमधील प्राथमिक व शाळांमध्ये डिजिटल शाळा संकल्पना मोठ्या प्रमाणावर रुजतांना दिसत आहे.याची परिणामकारकता अजमावून पाहणे आवश्यक होते.तांत्रिक साधनांचा वापर व गुणवत्ता यात शिक्षक-विद्यार्थी-शाळा व प्रशासन ,विद्यार्थी-पालक यात आदानप्रदान वाढले.विशिष्ट घटक डिजिटल रुपात जतन करून वारंवार अनुभवता येतो.संबोध-स्पष्टता यात वाढ झाली.video प्रत्यक्ष जतन करणे व पुन्हा पुनः अनुभवणे सोपे जाते.digitalizationमुले शिक्षण क्षेत्र दर्जेदार व आश्वासक होऊ लागल्याचे चित्र निर्माण झाले आहे.फक्त याचा दर्जेदार व सर्वत्र वापर होणे गरजेचे आहे.

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????? ,??.??????.??.(2010) ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????,????????? ???????. 2 ????????,?.(2012) ?????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????,???? ???,??.???? ???? ???? .

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ROLE OF ERP IN HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR

Prof. Priya Bhushan Kapadne

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11632 - 11640

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www. wikipedia.org www.webopedia.com ISBN publication book of Ashoka Education foundation’s ‘Creative Learning Society’

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BRIDGING THE GAP: ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY

Vidya N. Jadhav & Sujata P. Pawar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11641 - 11644

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Environmental education is very important issue. It is duty of teacher to inculcate environmental awareness among students. Students in Indian school come from diverse background .Some may not have easy access to technology. As 21st century educators it is our duty to find strategies that level the educational playing field for all learners. Teachers can foster the student engagement in activities that support appreciation of the environment and natural resources in understanding the environmental issues. Across the nation ,schools are increasing access to technologies in the classroom. Therefore, providing education with appropriate resources and strategies supports environmental literacy should be essential component of all technology plans.

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Jasmin Ahmad, ShahidAhmad ,KhanAreum,(2012) Computer applications ineducation,Hyderabad: Neelkamal publication Sharma Y.K.( 2013) Foundations of Educational Technology Evaluation and Assesment ,New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE TOOLS

Shalaka Wikhe, Prof Nutan Deshmukh & Kuldeep Deshpande

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11645 - 11648

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Big Data, as the name suggests means large collections of data sets containing information. Due to its huge and complex data sets, processing on traditional data processing applications is difficult. This challenge makes it necessary to produce various tools in big data. Over a period of time, a lot of efforts have been taken in growing competent tools for performing various tasks in big data. In today\\\'s business situation, it is important for an organization to make better business decisions. With the changing variations, the need for updated and corrected information is mandatory for efficient decision making to survive in the competition. BI is a broad category of applications and technologies for collecting, storing, analyzing and accessing data. BI tools provide robust reporting, data analysis and data integration for various organisations to make faster and better decisions and to gain new insights about business and markets. This can be used for developing services, products and achieving good operational efficiency. For this purpose, we have presented a comparative analysis of existing capabilities in various BI tools, which is meant to help in the selection of the best BI platform to each organisation. In this paper, we study and compare Qlikview, spotfire, tableau.

Keywords: Business Intelligence (BI), Tools, Data Visualisation, Qlikview, Spotfire, Tableau

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[1] Dr. Sailesh .S. Iyer, Dr. Kamaljit Lakhtaria “Practical Evaluation and Comparative Study of Big Data Analytical Tools”, IJIRCCE, Vol.5, Special Issue 2, April 2017 [2] Harshil T. Kanakia, “Report Generation using Business Intelligence Tools: A comparative Study”, IJARC, Volume 5, No. 5, May-June 2014

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THE BHAKTI MOVEMENT AND THE STATUS OF “WOMEN” IN THE FOURTEENTH AND FIFTEENTH CENTURY

Manju Maria Solomon

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11654 - 11649

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1.Monnier Williams,Brahmanism and Hinduism,London,p.,83 2.J.R.kamble, The Pursuit of Equality in Indian History,New Delhi,1985,pp.83-11 3. S.C.Malik,ed.,Dissent, Protest and Reform in Indian Civilization,Simla1977keynote address, pp. 10-26 4.Sharma R.S.,Problem of Transition from Ancient to Medieval in Indian History Journal of Indian Historical Review,vol.I,March,1974

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DEVELOPMENT OF MAHAD CITY- A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Priyadarshani B. More

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11655 - 11660

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Development is a human process and the desire to improve upon the current circumstances, is the motivation behind any process of development. There are many parameters of measuring development, as well as many factors affects on development of any one region or area. Generally favourable physical conditions, development of industrialization, increase in literary ratio, increase and development in basic infrastructural and social facilities, development in agriculture, tourism, development of natural resources, these major factors determines the development of any region or city or country. The present paper is based on secondary data, which is collected from Nagar-Parishad and socio-economic abstract of Raigad district. The present paper also examines the different parameters which are responsible for the development of Mahad city. It is found that Mahad city is developed during 1991-2001 due to establishment of M.I.D.C. After the industrial development the changes occurred in different aspects of Mahad city i.e. increase in population, schools, colleges, medical facilities, commercial centers, roads, landuse changes etc.

Key Words: Development, development parameters, industrial development.

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Carter Herald (1972): The study of urban geography, Arnold concept publishing company, new delhi-1. District Gazzetters of Raigad (1966): Govt.of Maharashtra. Mandal, R.B. (1999): Urban Geography, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi-1.

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GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS IN MAHAD CITY

Priyadarshani B. More

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11661 - 11665

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Development plays very vital role in changing population of a city. Population characteristics shows relationship between geographical condition and economic development as well as changes in population. This paper aims to provide information about how population characteristics changes with economic development with the Mahad city as a case study. The results of the statistical analyses also point toward the existence of a unidirectional causality from economic development to changes in population characteristics in the Mahad city.

Key Words: Development, population characteristics.

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TEACHERS AND LIFELONG LEARNING: HOW MUCH IT WORKS?

V. S. Sumi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11666 - 11671

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Purpose: The present study is directed towards finding out the status of teachers in continuing their education after securing a permanent job.

Methodology: 50 teachers who are technology friendly are identified and selected as random sampling method. Data was collected using lifelong learning questionnaire. Lifelong learning in this study encompass the teachers’ participation and interest in doing or continuing any course after getting the job. Percentage analysis was done to find out the status.

Findings: Results of the analysis indicate that though the teachers are technology friendly, they are not able to do any course and continue their learning because of so many obstacles either arises from the job or lack of time. Majority of the teachers opined that job promotion is the major fact for which gives thrust to do any course or taking interest in lifelong learning.

Relevance: In this technological era, updating the skills and knowledge especially for teachers is essential to go along with students. Otherwise you will be feeling like ‘odd one out’. There is vast variety of platform for the teachers to ignite and update their knowledge. Make utilize those to fit in to the new generation classrooms.

Keywords: Lifelong learning, Technology, Classroom

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Aspin, D.N. & Chapman, J.D. (2000) Lifelong Learning: Concepts and Conceptions. International Journal of Lifelong Learning 19, 1, 2-19, January. Egenti, M. N. &Omoruyi, P. (2011) Challenges of Women Participation in Continuing Higher Education Programme: Implications for Adult Women Counselling and Education. Edo journal of counseling4,1, 130-143, January.

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A STUDY OF THE VALUE ORIENTED BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS BASED ON THEIR GENDER

Tina Roy & Karuna Gupta

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11673 - 11679

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The paper uses the premise of Difference in the Kohlberg and Giligan’s Theories on Moral Development in male and females that states that male and female are differs when it comes to perceiving a situation and reacting to it. Kohlberg’s theory proposes that the changes in moral development occurring at various stages are mainly due to critical thinking in both male and that post-conventional stage is not attained by females. Whereas, Gilligan’s theory contests that no post-conventional level of moral thinking can be dealt based on the two types of thinking. She also said that Kohlberg’s theory is only limited few moral values and does not consider the other values that are equally important in development of an individual’s character and personality. This paper examines the gender differences in the fundamental value orientations of adolescent students from class Eight. It focuses on the values such as Peace, Compassion, Truth, Patience and Perseverance thathave remained as constants in the human condition throughout the centuries.Since the cognitive and other developments required to understand and practice these values develop post middle childhood adolescents were chosen as sample for this study. A Descriptive Survey method was used to collect data from 193 students from class eight of English medium State Board schools across Mumbai. The tool used was a situational analysis survey scale on their Value Oriented Behavior. The Descriptive Analysis of the data was conducted using - Mean, SD, Skewness and Kurtosis. The Inferential Analysis was carried outwith ‘t’ test.Through the study it was found that there is a significant difference in the value oriented behavior of adolescents on the basis of their gender.

Key words: Adolescents, Values, Value Orientation, Gender difference

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Cross, Catharine P.; Copping, Lee T.; Campbell, Anne (2011). "Sex differences in impulsivity: a meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 137 (1): 97–130. doi: 10.1037/a0021591. ISSN 1939-1455. PMID 21219058. Deutsch FM, Servis LJ, Payne JD. (2001).Parental participation in child care and its effects on children’s self-esteem and attitudes toward gendered roles. Journal of Family Issues; 1000-1024.

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WHETHER B.Ed PROGRAM HAD ENHANCED THE STUDENT TEACHERS MOTIVATION FOR TEACHING

K. Sheeba

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11680 - 11689

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Teacher education is a systematic process of unearthing the treasure within each and every teacher and subsequently every learner in each and every learning situation. It is the continuous process, which makes the individuals to realize, the magnitude and potentialities, if nurtured and inculcated in the right perspective and can make a tremendous contribution at every part of the society. The success of training depends to a large extent on the quality trainers, their academic and professional standing, and mastery over the subject matter, level of motivation, commitment and conviction. The investigator collected data from a population of B.Ed. student teachers. In the present study, Survey Method is employed to describe and interpret. In B.Ed., course both male and female student teachers were chosen. The sample size chosen for B.Ed., student teachers are 66. The present research resulted in 91.7% of Computer Science pedagogy student teachers ranked first among the other pedagogy in expressing their view that B.Ed programme had enhanced their motivation towards teaching profession. Moreover, 71.2% of student teachers realize that teachers should be lifelong learners (to keep abreast in resent development of subjects concerned).Education implication has been discussed.

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Brookhart, S. M., Freeman, D. J. (1992). Characteristics of entering student teachers. Review of Educational Research 62(1), 37-60. Deci, E.L. (1975). Instrinsic Motivation. New York: Plenum

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A STUDY ON PUNE CITY AS DEVELOPING AND GROWING TOURISM FRIENDLY DESTINATION IN INDIA

Anand B. Dadas

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11690 - 11701

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Tourism friendly destination is a recent term coined to growing tourism destinations all over the world. It is particularly related to satisfy the needs and demands of domestic as well as international tourists at the destination. In the city tourism, recent practices have shownthat tourism providers have given emphasis to the general provision of physical and infrastructural facilities compared to the facilitiesand services that meet and satisfies the tourists’ needs. Pune being a developing smart city with a lot many new ventures and projects coming to pune. The public and private players into tourism have realized the importance of the city as a tourism destination. The huge amount is poured by the Local Corporation and government to develop metro rail and other connectivity with in the city. Therefore, this research paper is an attempt to figure out pune as the most tourist friendly destination for domestic tourists and international tourist globally. This study contributes to the tourism providers and planners in developing pune city tourism towards most tourism friendlydestination. Thus, this paper aims to develop a preliminary concept of tourism friendly destination from tourist’s perspective in city tourism.Certainly Pune has all the elements to be the best tourism destination in the world.

Keywords: Tourism, Domestic, Tourist, Pune, Destination.

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Lipmann G (2007) Tourism success stories and shooting stars. Proceedingpaper at World Tourism Conference. pp. 1-9. Kozak M (1999) Destination competitiveness measurement: Analysis ofeffective factors and indicators.

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TO STUDY STRESS, RESILIENCE AND RELATION TO MENTAL HEALTH OF FEMALE PLAYER AND NON- PLAYER STUDENTS

Jaskaran Kaur

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11703 - 11708

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Bailey, K., Moulton, M., and Moulton, P. 1999. Athletics as a predictor of self-esteem and approval motivation. The Sports Journal,2(2): 1-5. Carcach, C. Y., Huntley, C. 2002. Community Participation and Regional Crime. Australian Institute of Criminology. Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice Number 222. (Canberra: AIC).

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TOURISM AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY: AN ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE ON COASTAL STRETCH OF EAST MEDINIPUR

Jayeeta Bagchi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11709 - 11717

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Tourism is considered as a catalyst in employment generation and social integration and aims to spruce up economic growth of a place. Many local communities recognize tourism for its stimulating capacity to change in social, cultural, environmental and economic dimensions. Coastal area, consist a major proportion of population and economic activities, which depend mostly on its natural resources. Such conditions reflect the importance of these areas in terms of the welfare of the coastal communities. This paper intends to conduct an analysis of economic conditions of the coastal community in Mandarmoni, a tourism site along the coastal stretch of East Medinipur district, West Bengal. The analysis intends to pinpoint the major findings on impact of tourism on employment, labour supply, occupational structure, and level of income and also analyze the comparability of such factors among previous and present generation of the local community, to get the changing scenario over the time. The survey conducted, involved detailed field work, shows a significant impact of tourism on the economic profile of the local communities at Mandarmoni.

Keywords: Coastal tourism, local community, economic condition

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Ashe, J.W. (2005). Tourism investment as a tool for development and poverty reduction. The experience in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Basu, J. (2009) On The Waterfront, The Telegraph- Metro on Sunday.

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INNOVATIVE TEACHING LEARNING METHODS

Anadi Kumar Mishra & Vinod Kumar Mishra

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11718 - 11722

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Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. The purpose of the education is not only to make the students literate but also to make them creative, knowledgeable, think of their own and to meet the workforce .The success of a student depends on the teacher and the innovative methods which they incorporate in teaching. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the innovative teaching and learning methods that can be used in imparting the knowledge to the students.

Keywords: Education, Innovative, Learning, Teaching, workforce.

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C. M. Khairnar, Advance Pedagogy: Innovative Methods of Teaching and Learning, International Journal of Information and Education Technology, Vol. 5, No. 11, November 2015. Dr.Inderpreet Kaur Chachra ,Innovative and Best Practices in Teaching, Learning and Evaluation,Volume4,Issue 10(October 2015)

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4AS FRAMEWORK IN RIGHT TO EDUCATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Subhash Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11723 - 11730

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“Politics without Principles, Education without Character, and Science without Humanity and Commerce without Morality are not only useless, but also positively dangerous.” Right to education means that these rights-holders can stand up and that something can be done. Right to education for all is one of the biggest development challenges faced by the International and National community today. Right to education is the most important part of the human development. It is the foundation of free and fulfilled life. Education plays an important role in building a good society; it also promotes good governance and transparency in a state. The growth and development of a state is primarily dependent upon the quality of education given to the people. Right to education has been universally recognized since the UDHR (The Universal Declaration of Human Rights) and has since been enshrined in various international conventions, treaties, constitution and development plans. In some cases, the right exists along with the assumption that the user should pay for this right, undermining the very concept of a right. On the other hand, the right exists in theory, but there is no capacity to implement this right in ground reality. Right to Education is facing various hindrances like, teachers, buildings infrastructure, water and government support. The fulfillment of right to education can be assessed using the 4A’s which asserts that for education to be meaningful right; it must be available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable. The question is whether right to education is available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable? This paper analytically evaluates right to education under RTE Act, 2009 in the light of 4A’s framework.

Keywords: Right, Education, 4A’s -Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, Adaptability, Right to

Education.

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Bagade R.(2015) ; Right to Education for Refugees: Indian Scenario, Indian Journal Of Applied Research,Vol.ume 5(4) Pp 320-322 Barberillo N. (2012) ; the Mahila samakhya program empowering education for warneries equality in Indian disadvantage communities & Rural areas communication paper media literacy & gender studies Pp. 115-132.

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A REVIEW OF PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES IN INDIAN SCHOOL AT PRESENT SCENARIO

Gulshan Yadav & Shipra Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11732 - 11737

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Learning cannot be made within the boundries of institutions only in this technological age. It has crossed all the boundries and entered in the virtual world with the help of digital media. The concept of professional learning community (PLC) is largrly become the trend of today’s traditional style as an alternative to eduction. In relation to its speciality and outcomes in various studies, it has been found to be a hope for any eduction system which has been aimed at improving and progressing the school culture and performance especially student achievement. The purpose of the study is to review the previous studies and to know the usefulness of PLC to improve the status of Indian eduction system.

Keywords: Professional learning communities, Indian eduction system, teacher

Collaboration, student achievement.

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Ahmed,Rafeeque,(2014) “Applicability of professional learning communities in Indian school.” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275945498 Ansari,Mehnaz, Khan, Waseem Ahmad, Ahmad, Rasid,and Suhail, Mohd(2012), “virtual professional learning communities for teacher’s enrichment”.International Journal of Information science and education.ISSN 2231-1262. Volume 2, Number 1(2012) pp 1-11

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ROLE OF R.T.E.- 2009 IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Jyoti Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11738 - 11741

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Children being future of our society are very important part of it. Any because in their early education can have long tern consequences on their development. Not to be educated not to acquire basic literacy and numercy is a serious disability both for child and for coming generations. Every child in our country has a right education. R.T.E. mandates free and compulsory education to all children from 6-14 years of age. The key objective of RTESSA is universalization of elementary education U.EE Three important aspects of U.E.E. are acess enrolment and retention of all children in 6-14 years age. This goal of U.E.E. has further been facilated by the constitutional (86th amendment) act making free and compulsory elementary education is fundamental right for all the children with special needs as without their inclusion the objective of universalization of education can not be achieved.

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Bindal, Shivani and Sushma Sharma. (2010) Inclusive Education in Indian Context, Journal of Indian Education, Volume 35, No 4, 34-45 Dash N (2006) inclusive Education For Children With special needs, Atlantic Publishers And Distributors (P) Ltd. New Delhi pp-2

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EDUCATION IN 21ST CENTURY

M. P. Tripathi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11742 - 11748

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“Education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills and values from one generation to another. In the twenty-first century, significant changes are occurring related to new scientific discoveries, globalization, informatization, development of artificial intelligence and robotics. This century is called the age of digital technologies and knowledge. Now the world is a Global Village. The most observable phenomenon is now the Internalization of the world and the integration of digital technologies into teaching and learning. Digital technologies change our way of life, way of communication, way of thinking, feelings and social behavior. Technology will replace the printed books and bring them in digital form.”

Key Words: 21st Century, Education, Innovation, Pedagogy

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Afaq, Q (2009), “ICTs For Higher Education: Comfortable and uncomfortable Zones”, Gomal University Journal of Research. Vol: 25, No 2. Bhattacharjea S, Wadhwa W, Banerji R (2011), Inside primary schools: a study of teaching and learning in rural India. Mumbai: Pratham Mumbai Education Initiative. Day, C. (2004) “Change Agendas: The roles of teacher educators” Teaching Education, Vol.15, No.2.

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NATIONAL KNOWLEDGE NETWORK

Santosh Kumar Singh & Nidhi Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11749 - 11752

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NKN is a revolutionary step towards creating a knowledge society without boundaries. It will provide unprecedented benefits to the knowledge community and mankind at large. The purpose of such a knowledge network goes to the very core of the country’s quest for building quality institutions with requisite research facilities and creates a pool of highly trained professionals. The NKN is a state-of-the-art Pan-India network. It will facilitate the development of India\\\'s information infrastructure, stimulate research, and create next generation applications and services. NKN is designed to provide high availability, Quality of Service, security and reliability.

Keywords: Community service; E-governance; Grid computing; Information Communication Technology; National Knowledge Network; Scientific community; Virtual library.

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National Knowledge Network - Connecting Knowledge Institutions, http://www.nkn.in/ NKN Design and Architecture: http://www.nkn.in/designarchitecture.php (Accessed on 16th October, 2013) National Knowledge Commission: http://knowledgecommission.gov.in/

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GLOBALLY COMPATIBLE CLASS ROOMS COMPETENCIES: USE OF HUMOR IN CLASS ROOMS

Nitin Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11753 - 11766

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A substantial body of research emphasizes the importance of humor in teaching processes however, research on the reasons for non-use of humor in academic contexts has enjoyed scant attention. Addressing this gap, this study examines the reasons for instructors’ humor avoidance taking into account student perceived benefits of using humor in academics. Data were collected through an open-response questionnaire. Participants were asked to provide their views on: (a) the reasons some instructors avoid using humor, and (b) the benefits of using humor in classes. “Humor is not in their personality,” “they lack competence to create humor,” and “they are more syllabus-oriented” were the most frequently cited reasons for the non-use of instructor humor Particularly, verbal humor such as wordplays, funny stories, puns, and content related jokes play an important role in learners’ development of (socio) linguistic and sociocultural competence.. Perceived benefits of instructor humor were placed into three major categories: Psychological, Social and Instructional. Implications of these findings are explored within the content of second language education.

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Richmond, Communication in Classroom ,Power and Motivation Raskin. V, Semantic Mechanism of Humor The Hindu, article on humor in classroom. J.H Goldstein, Handbook on Humor andRresearch.

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CONCEPT MAPS: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACHE FOR TEACHING SCIENCES

Pradeep Kumar & Prof. S.K. Verma

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11767 - 11776

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Teaching of science at upper primary level of education is most crucial. Middle school education is a decisive stage of individual’s entire academic tenure ; at this level any ambiguity regarding concepts may deprive an individual intellectually and potentially. The objective of this study were to analyze the current methods of content presentation of science , commonly used to teach in upper primary level classroom. The another purpose of this study is to evaluate the traditional methods of teaching science as well as concept maps method. Basically teaching must include two major components sending and receiving information. Ultimately, a science teacher tries his best to impart knowledge as the way he understood it. So, any communication methods that serve this purpose without destroying the objective could be considered as innovative methods of teaching. Concept maps is one of those innovative method that is used for Teaching science .In teaching science , concept mapping has been widely recommended and used in variety of ways . It has been used to help teachers and students to build an organized knowledge base in a given discipline (Pankratius,1990) or on a given topic (Kopic,Wood& Brody,1990). It has been used to facilitate middle level students’ (sixth, seventh, & eighth grade) learning of science content (Gaustello etc. all..2000, Hawk, 1986; Ritchie & Volki; 2000, Simmons et. all, 1988; Willerman & Mac Harg, 1991 ; Sungur et.al.2001; Duru & Gurdal.2000)

Key words: Concept maps, Innovative approaches, teaching of science, Upper primary level

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Ankit Gattani , 29 May 2010, Importance of Education by , available at http://www.merines.com/article/importance-of-education/15818555.shtml Ausubel,D.P. (1968).Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York. Rinehart and Winston.

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INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR EFFECTIVE PEDAGOGY AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Rachana Srivastava & Manisha Kindo

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11777 - 11786

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Curriculum refers to the specific blueprint for learning that is derived from desired results—that is, content and performance standards. Curriculum takes content and shapes it into a plan for how to conduct effective teaching and learning. The main focus of curriculum development is on deciding which knowledge, skills and values to be taught, how to reach the intended outcomes, and the learning and teaching processes. Technology have affected our lives for over half a century. Yet, the teacher education curriculum is still perceived as traditional in its structure and implementation. Attempts to assimilate technology into teacher education curricula are frequently supported by policymakers. Innovation has become an increasingly important theme in teacher education. However, significant change in content, teaching and learning processes and assessment methods can actually be detected mainly in focal innovative initiatives within training institutions. After systematic education reforms in many countries around the world, it results in some cases deep changes in the curriculum, the pedagogical activities as well as the roles of teachers and pupils that made significant use of information and communication technology. Present study concentrates on technological enhancement in pedagogy as well as in curriculum development, which results into fruitful and effecting teaching and learning process. During study it found that a major challenge in teacher education is how to sustain and scale up innovative technology because this integrated technological knowledge helps a prospective teacher to know the world of technology in a better way by which it can be applied in future for the betterment of the students.

Keywords: Technology, ICT, Pedagogy, Curriculum Development.

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Collis, B. and Jung, I. S. (2003) Uses of information and communication technologies in teacher education. In B. Robinson & C.Latchem (Eds.), Teacher education through open and distance learning. London: Routledge Falmer 171-192.

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EFFECTIVE TEACHING STRATEGIES

Reena Trivedi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11787 - 11792

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Effective teaching is one of the most challenging job of higher education. It improves the quality of higher education. Improving the present of students, providing them new knowledge and make them ready for a bright future must be the priority of effective teaching. The central aim of effective teaching is to help students learn more effectively and efficiently that they could on their own. It motivates and engages all students in learning. Effective teacher believe every student is capable of achieving success in studies and find ways of making every student successful.

A good teacher helps the students to learn. Teacher’s beliefs, attitudes and educational philosophy influence the instructional approach, classroom climate and relationship with students. The role of a teacher has been changed from a traditional information provider through lecture to a more modernized and multiple responsibility approach in the new technological world. The knowledge of teaching skills and their proper implementation in a classroom, matters a lot. Effective teaching includes fair expectations, positive attitude and patience with students along with assessment on a regular basis.

One of the most challenging tasks of effective teaching is to create a learning environment, which adequately fulfill the needs of all students. A teacher should know about his students, their abilities, understanding level, interests, attention spans and prior knowledge while delivering a lecture in a classroom. Effective teaching does not means only increase in the number of graduates, it must also include improvement in the judgment power of students, human relation skills, problem solving aspect in real life, moral values and a higher confidence level. Effective teaching involves quantitative as well as qualitative teaching which improves the quality of human resource needed for economic growth of a country.

KEY WORDS: Effective teaching, teaching skills, strategies, inclusive education, technology, evaluation.

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Nicol, D. (2010), “From monologue to dialogue : improving written feedback processes in mass higher education”, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 35(5), 501-517. John V. Antonetti and James R. Garver (2015), “Seventeen thousand classroom visits can’t be wrong : Strategies that engage students, promote active learning, and boost achievement.”

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RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT- 2009: AN INCLUSIVE ACT

Sandeep Tiwari

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11793 - 11800

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There is a great importance of education in life because from the day one when child takes birth he starts learning and till the end of his life he learns something and in this education plays an important role because education opens our mind, widens our views and helps us in becoming good citizen of a country that’s why elementary education is a must.

To ensure education to every child central government has provisioned an act named as Right to Education 2009 (RTE). Right to education is an act, the Parliament of India has enacted on 4th August 2009, which describes the modalities of the importance of free and compulsory education to children between the ages of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. When the act came into force on 1st April 2010 education became a fundamental right of every child.

The title of the RTE Act incorporates the words “free and compulsory”. Free education means that no child shall be liable to pay any kind of fee or charges or expenses which may prevent him or her for pursuing and completing elementary education from class I to class VIII. Compulsory education means the responsibility of government and local authorities to provide and ensure admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by all the children in the 6-14 years age group. With this, India has moved forward to a right based frame work that casts a legal obligation on the central and state government to implement the fundamental child right as enshrined in article 21A of the constitution, in accordance with the provision of the RTE Act .It is an inclusive act as it covers children belonging to weaker section and disadvantaged group for their educational needs and their holistic development.

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Right to Education Bill 2005. Reservation in Private Schools under the Right to Education Act. Procedure of Admission in to schools under the RTE. SSA final report on RTE act–2009.

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A STUDY OF STUDENTS SENSE OF LEARNING COMMUNITY IN ONLINE ENVIRONMENTS

Bhagwati Thite

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11801 - 11814

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This paper looks first at some of the often unspoken epistemological, philosophical and theoretical assumption that is foundational to student centered interactive online pedagogical models. It is argued that these foundational assumptions point to the importance of learning community in the effectiveness of online learning environments. Next a recent study of 2314 online students across thirty two college campuses is presented. This study reports on learners sense of community and it is concluded through factor and regression analysis that elements of the community of inquiry model [1]- specifically learners recognition of effective “directed facilitation” and effective instruction design and organization on the part of their instructor contributes to their sense of shared purpose, trust, connectedness, and learning-core elements of a community of learners. Gender also appears to play a small role in students, sense of learning community with female students reporting higher levels than their male classmate. Implication for online learning environments design are discussed.

Keywords: Learning Community, Sense of Community of inquiry

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l. Garrison, D. R., T. Anderson , and W. Archer. Critical Inquiry in a Text-based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education . Internet 11 and Higher Education 11(2): 1-14, 2000. 2.Hiltz, S. R. Collaborative Learning in Asynchronous Learning Networks: Building Learning Communities. Paper presented at the WEB98, Orlando, Florida. Online: http ://eies.njit.edu/-h i ltz/collaborative learning i n asy1ch.htm . 3 Sergiovanni, T. The story of community . In J . Retallick, B. Cocklin, and K. Coombe (Eds.), Learning Communities in Education: Issues. Strategies and Contexts, 9-25. London : Routledge, 1999.

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A STUDY ON FAMILY ENVIRONMENT AND SELF EFFICACY OF ADOLESCENTS

Alice Nessy. K

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11815 - 11819

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The present investigation attempted to find out the correlation between the family environment and self-efficacy of adolescents. The study was conducted on 403 adolescents (223 boys and 185 girls) studying in various schools located inHyderabad and Rang Reddy Districts of Telangana State. For data collection Family Environment Scale and Generalized self-efficacy scale were used. For the data analysis various statistical techniques were used. Statistical techniques used were Pearson’s product moment correlation and Multiple Regression. The results indicated a clear correlation between family environment and self-efficacy of adolescents.

Keywords:Family Environment, Self-Efficacy, Adolescents.

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[1]. Mary Antony, Manikandan K, (2016). Role of Self-efficacy and Family environment in regulating Psychological Wellbeing among adolescents and adolescent male offenders undergoing trial, Journal of Contemporary Psychological Research, Vol.3 Issue 2 [2]. Bansal. A (2016). Correlation between Family Environment and Self-Esteem of adolescents, The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Volume 3, Issue 4, No. 68

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ATTITUDE OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TOWARDS EDUCATION AND THEIR THEIR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

Shaheen Parveen & Seema Dhawan

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11820 - 11825

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Education helps individual to know about the facts, understand new things and develop vision to understand life. Education of girls in any society is more essencial because an educated women has own set of values and understanding power. She has the skills, information and self-confidence that she needs to be a better parent, worker and citizen. For a developed nation and better society, girls education and their higer academic achievement is very significant. Attitude towards education could be understand as students thoughts, opinions and views about education. It is one of the key factors which affect academic achievement of students. It is strongly connected with academic achievement. The aim of this paper is to study the attitude of Girl students of senior secondary schools towards education and their academic achievement. The study was conducted on a sample of 200 senior secondary school girl students studying in government and semi government school of Bijnor district.

Keywords: Academic Achievement; Girl education; Attitude towards Education.

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Bhushan, L. (2010). A Comparative Study of Family Climate, School Adjustment, Attitude towards education and academic achievement of general, SC, and BC Students in Haryana. Rohtak University. Kubiatko, M.(2013). Defining and Measuring Academic Success.Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 20 (5),1-20. Quilliams, L & Beran, T. (2009). Children at risk for academic failure :A model of individual and family factors.Exceptionality Education International,19 (2),63-67 Sarwar, M. (2004). Ralationship of study attitude and academic performance of students at secondary level in Punjab (Doctoral thesis in Education), University of Agriculture, Rawalpindi. Veresovaa, M., & Mala, D. (2016). Attitude toward School and Learning and Academic Achievement of Adolescents. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs. 2016.11.90

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A STUDY OF SCEINTIFIC TEMPER OF HINDU AND MUSLIM STUDENTS

Ramendra Kumar Gupta

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11826 - 11832

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The investigor conducted a study for his Ph.D. work and this research paper is the product of that work. This paper is concern with the comprative study of Sceintific Temper of Hindu and Muslim Students. There were five Independent Variables : type of religion, class level, type of school, geographical locale and sex, having two levels of each variable. Therefore research design for this study has been factorial design. The Dependent Variable : Sceintific Temper and its dimensions were measured by Sceintific Temper scale. The findings of the study are given in detailed paper.

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Balasubramanian, D. "Scientific Temper and the Argumentative Indian". The Hindu, September 22, 2005. Bhargava, P. M. 1976, "The Scientific Temper" Secular Democracy, Nov. 15-30, Vol. IX- Nos. XXI & XXII. Bhargava, P. M. 1981. "Why Statement on Scientific Temper" Secular Democracy, November (Nehru Number) Buch, M. B. (Ed.) 1991. Fourth Survey of Research in Education, New Delhi, N.C. E. R. T. Davis, Era C. 1935. 'The Measurement of Scientific Attitudes' Science Education, 19, 117-120. Diederich, P. B. 1967. "Components of the Scientific Attitude" The Science Teacher, 54, 23-24 Dube', K. K. 1992.A Study of the Scientific Temper and its Measurement.Ph. Garrett, Henry E. and Woodsworth, R. S. 1981.Statistics in Psychology and Education, Vakels, Feffer and Simons Ltd. Bombay.

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SHIKSHAK SAMUDAY KA VYAVSAYIK VIKAS

Ajay Kumar Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11726 - 11728

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BHARAT ME SHIKSHA KA ADHIKAR ADHINIYAM 2009 KI UPADEYATA

Dharmendra Kumar Vaishya

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11729 - 11734

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SHIKSHA KA ADHIKAR ADHINIYAM 2009 : EK MULYANKAN

Dinesh Bahadur Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11735 - 11738

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SHIKSHA KA ADHIKAR ADHINIYAM 2009 KA VISHLESHANATMAK ADHYAYAN

Faisal Isa & Vidhu Shekhar Pandye

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11739 - 11742

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SHIKSHA KA ADHIKAR ADHINIYAM 2009: EK SAMAVESHI ADHINIYAM

Lajo Pandye

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11743 - 11747

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PATHYAKRAM NIRMAN ME SHODH KI PRASANGIKTA

Santosh Kumar Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11748 - 11751

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SAMAVESHI SHIKSHA KE VIKAS ME SHIKSHA KE ADHIKAR ADHINIYAM KI PRASANGIKTA

Vinod Kumar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11752 - 11754

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A STUDY OF IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON COSMETICS INDUSTRY IN INDIA: A BRANDING AND CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR PERSPECTIVE

Prof. S. D. Sharma & Ms Pooja Shahi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11755 - 11760

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Cosmetics Industry is the most dynamic industry. The products change very fast according to the need and fashion. A product may be best selling today and may become out of fashion tomorrow. The dynamic nature of need and preferences in cosmetic industry not only affects the product but it also affects marketing and branding efforts too. The branding of cosmetic products need high information input in terms of consumers preference, consumer feedback and consumer expectation. In such an environment social media is playing great role. Although in current scenario most of the companies of several different industries are present on social media to communicate about their brand but it is completely different in case of cosmetic industry. In cosmetic industry the presence on social media is not only required but the promptness in reply to user generated content (UGC) is also required. The present research paper is an effort to estimate the impact of social media on consumers buying behavior and barding aspects of cosmetic products. The present study shows that Social media impact is highly correlated with female buying behaviour, brand affect and brand trust. Yet social media has much more to do to create brand loyalty.

Keywords – Cosmetics Industry, Social Media, Branding

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3 ways cosmetic brands can win at social media, URL at: https://blog.digimind.com/en/insight-driven-marketing/3-ways-cosmetics-brands-can-win-at-social-media-engagement-and-monitoring/, Last accessed Aug 2018 Ab Hamid, N. R., Akhir, R. M., and Cheng, A. Y. (2013). Social media: An emerging dimension of marketing communication. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 12, 1. As'ad, H. A. R., and Alhadid, A. Y. (2014). The impact of social media marketing on brand equity: An empirical study on mobile service providers in Jordan. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 3(1), 315. Bickart, B., and Schindler, R.M.(July 2001), “Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information”, “Journal of Interactive Marketing”, 15, 3 31–40. Charoensukmongkol, P., and Sasatanun, P. (2017). Social media use for CRM and business performance satisfaction: The moderating roles of social skills and social media sales intensity. Asia Pacific Management Review, 22(1), 25-34. Chu, S. C. (2011). Viral advertising in social media: Participation in Facebook groups and responses among college-aged users. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 12(1), 30-43.

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EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON BARDING ASPECTS OF COSMETIC PRODUCTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIAN COSMETIC INDUSTRY

Prof. S. D. Sharma & Ms Pooja Shahi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11761 - 11770

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The technology grew faster than ever in last 10 years. Palmtop which were considered as costly and limited use instrument in 2005 become handy devices. Now a day’s palmtops are commonly sold with the name of touch screen android phones. Not only the hardware but the software has gone through major revolutions. Presently internet services in India as well as in whole world are cheaper than ever. The cheaper internet services helped the developers to build different applications and communication software. This concept gave birth to a word ‘Social Media’. Social media is a cheaper method to communicate with the people. Companies, who were facing high cost of production because of paid marketing and advertisement for brand building, observed this social media concept. They find it suitable for their purpose. Social media has made revolutionary changes in marketing campaigns. The impact of social media on different dimensions of any product is very high. The present research is an effort to study the impact of social media on the branding of cosmetic products.

Keywords – Cosmetics Industry, Social Media, Branding

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Aaker, David A. (1996), Building Sttrong bonds. New York, NY: the free Press.daneshvary,rannae and R.Keith Schwer (2000) , "The Association Endorsement and Consumers' Intention to Purcha-se/' jpurnal of Consumer Marketing, 17 (3L 203- 213)" Friedman, Hershey H. and linda friedman (1979) , "Endorser effectiveness by product type," Journal of Advertising research, 19 (5L 63-71) Rajeev Batra, Myers John.G, Aaker David, Advertisement Management 5th Edition, Pearson Education Asia. McCracken, grant (1989L "Who is the Celebrity rndorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process/' Journal of Consumer research, 16(3L 310-321. Aaker.D. (2002), Building Strong Brands, The Free Press. New York. NY.p.68 Buss, David M.; Craik, Kenneth H., The act frequency approach to personality, Psychological Review, Vol 90(2), Apr 1983, 105-126 Fournier, Susan (1998), “Consumers and their Brands: Developing Relationship Theory in Consumer Research,” Journal of Consumer Research, 24 (March), 343-373.

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PATTERN AND PREVALENCE OF THE IMPACT OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR FOR SKIN CARE PRODUCTS

Prof. S. D. Sharma & Mr. Mohd. Ijlal Anjum

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11771 - 11777

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Companies need to advertise in order to spearhead their marketing efforts. Earlier advertisements were informative in nature and were used to convey the properties of the products and their general usefulness. Price information became a part of advertisement in order to bring home the point about it being affordable and competitive. The homogeneity of many products needed some distinguishing factors and for this branding of products was the new method of distinctiveness. A company could have different brands for a variety of products. Later even the branding of the company became an identifying factor for excellence of products or service. The research is based on a survey of 1200 people. It is found that consumer behavior and purchase is positively correlated with celebrity endorsement. The research details the impact of celebrity endorsement on skin care products.

Keywords – Branding, Brand image, Brand credibility, Celebrity endorsement, Skin care Industry

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Aaker, David A. (1996) , Building Sttrong bonds. New York, NY: the free Press.daneshvary,rannae and R.Keith Schwer (2000) , “The Association Endorsement and Consumers’ Intention to Purchase,” jpurnal of Consumer Marketing, 17 (3), 203-213” Friedman, Hershey H. and linda friedman (1979) , “Endorser effectiveness by product type,” Journal of Advertising research , 19 (5), 63-71 AAKER, David Building strong brands, 1996 Upshaw,lynn B building Brand identity , John-Wiley & Sons 1995 Rajeev Batra, Myers John.G, Aaker David, Advertisement Management 5th Edition , Pearson Education Asia. McCracken, grant (1989), “Who is the Celebrity rndorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process,” Journal of Consumer research , 16(3), 310-321.

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RIGHT TO EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY

Subhash Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11778 - 11789

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Amongst the various basic rights, the Right to Equality of Opportunity is the mainspring, as it encompasses in itself various other rights, such as, justice, liberty, rights, property etc. majority of the people in the world believe that the right to equality should be provided unconditionally to all individuals, as all men are created equal‘ i.e., all human beings have similar attributes. Almost all religious traditions maintain that all humans must be considered to be equal, as they are all God‘s children. Various thinkers and intellectuals have also surmised that all human beings are equal and hence deserve to enjoy the basic human rights, especially right to equality. The majority of theorists of the world share the same belief regarding human beings. According to them all human beings share the same characteristic and needs, hence entitling them to enjoy the right to equality.

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Anderson, Elizabeth : The Imperative Of Integration, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 2010. Becker, Gary S. : The Economics Of Discrimination. 2nd ed. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1971. Batliwala, Srilata : Engaging With Empowerment: An Intellectual and Experiential Journey. New Delhi, 2013. Central Board of Secondary Education : Human Rights Gender Studies Class XII, Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE), Shiksha Kendra, Delhi, 2014. Cavanagh, Matt : Against Equality Of Opportunity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. Joseph, Lawrence B.: “Some Ways Of Thinking About Equality Of Opportunity”. Political Research Quarterly, Political Research Quarterly, 33, no. 3 (1980): 393- 400. Ratnakapur and Brenda Cossman : Subversive Sites: Feminist Engagement with Law in India, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 1996. Rossell, C. H. E., D. J. E. Armor, et al. : School Desegregation in the 21st Century. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2002. Rothstein, R., Economic Policy Institute., et al.: Class and Schools : Using Social, Economic, and Educational Reform to Close the Black-White Achievement Gap. Washington, D.C., Economic Policy Institute, 2004. Seth, Mira : Women and Development — The Indian Experience. Sage Publications: New Delhi, 2003.

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NEED FOR VALUE EDUCATION DURING CHILDHOOD

Triveni Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11790 - 11795

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The world at present is passing through a great crisis with many problems in changing trends, which is marked by tremendous scientific and technological advancement. This era is marked by the explosion of aspirations for achieving material goals. These in turn have brought about a corresponding decline in human’s moral, spiritual and ethical values creating many problems, making a negative impact in human minds and thought patterns. All sections of the population are becoming increasingly materialistic, artificial and self-centered. As a result there is frustration and insecurity which have led to exploitation and violence. Hence, material advancement has also brought about tension, conflict, competition, social distance, alienation and rivalries.

Keywords: Value, Value education, Childhood

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A Bhadananda, Swami (1997). Ideal of Eduation. Ramakrishna Vedanta Math, Calcutta. Bhatia, Ranjana(2006), “Value Education in Teacher Education: Issue of Concern. “University News, 44(51) December 18-24, p.-11. Chilana, M.R. and Devvan, M.L.(1998). The Human Values : A Task for All, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, p. 64-65. Dhull, Indira and Punia, Vandana – 2006, Unviersity Newsm, 44(51) December, 18-24 Gupta, N.L.(2002), Human Values for the 21st Century, Anmol Publications, P. 84-1205. Modi, V.(2007).Quest in Education, Vol. XXXI (1) P. 22-24. Oad, L.K.(1989), Research Dimensions of Education for Human Values, Journal of Indian Education, Vol. 14(5) p. 1-3. Patil, M.(2003), Family Matters, Vijaya Times, Saturday 6 September, p-III. Swain, S.K. and Nayak, S.(2007). “Value Education : The Essence of Life”, Journal of Education Research and Extension, Vol. 44(2). p. 43-44. Tuli, Kailash 92004). “Technology on Values”, Journal of Value Education. NCERT Vol.4 No.1&1. January and July, p-98.

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WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH OPEN AND DISTANCE LEARNING IN INDIA

Sipra Ray

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11796 - 11802

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Change is the law of nature .Equality for all; is an essential process to bring structural change in the system of education .In developing countries gender equality is a major problem. Its found from studies women are behind men in every aspect such as social, cultural, political and environmental impacts of development .To bring all equal education role as a common factor. India is a developing country. As it is moving towards 21st century with an eye amongst superpowers. In this respect, Education for all is a prime criteria to be amongst the developing nation. Open and Distance Learning is the key solution for the disadvantaged group women. ODL is a tool for accessing higher education for women. ODL provides all divisions of the education system based on gender, age, race, space, income, time etc. This writing highlights on the nature of open and Distance Learning and its access top women education. It also evaluates and helps in the process of women empowerment. It’s a noble step to explore and its role in bringing gender equality and empowering women.

Keywords: Women Empowerment, Open Learning, Distance Learning, Equality.

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Ablodun,Fadeyiolalekan(2008), Distance Learning and women Marginalisation. The gender Orientation Perspective. The Fifth Plan-Common Wealth forum Openand Distance Learning university of London Uk 13-17July. Chaudhury, Pratima(1995) women’s Education in India-Myth and reality. Haraand publications, New Delhi http//portal UNESCO.org./education/enev.php.- URLID=18650& URL Do=Do Topic &URL SECTION=201html.

VIBHAGIY PADONNAT EVAM RAJSTHAN LOKSEVA AYOG SE CHAYANIT PRADHANADHYAPAKON KI NETRUTWA SHAILI KI TULNATMAK ADYAYAN

Seema Sidana & Onkar Nath Mishra

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11803 - 11805

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PRACHIN BHARAT ME PRATHAMIK SHIKSHA

Mahavir Singh Chhonkar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11806 - 11809

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Dr Ved Mitra :2006; Education in ancient India; page-55-56 Mukharjee R. K. : 2007; Ancient Indian Education, p-394 Keay F.B. : 2009 ; Indian Education in later times. Mukharjee R. K. : 2007; Ancient Indian Education, p-252 Pathak P.D. : 2015; Indian education and Problems.

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THE ROLE OF HYDROELECTRIC POWER PROJECTS IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE: A CASE STUDY OF RAVI BASIN IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

Mohinder Kumar Slariya

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11810 - 11822

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Dams have had serious impacts on the lives, livelihoods, cultures and spiritual existence of indigenous, tribal and illiterate people, moreover on the physical environmental conditions and on the biodiversity of the area concerned. The dam related developmental activities in Ravi catchment area have been threatening the biodiversity in the whole catchment. There are more than 50 rivulets in the Ravi catchment and on which more than 70 power projects have been planned by the government by putting biodiversity at the stake. Developmental activities have unintentionally produce weather and climate modifications on a larger scale and threaten the existing biodiversity. Such developmental activities have been started day back in 1980s in Ravi basin with the installation of Baira Suil Power Project and today it has covered all most all Ravi basin starting from interstate broader of Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh and engulfed the green cover of the area. Because of this extinction the catchments area is experiencing drastic climatic changes, because of 100 km reservoirs of Shahpur Kandi (125MW), Thein Dam (600MW), Chamera-I (540MW) and Chamera-II (300 MW) and tunnelization of Ravi in 19.38 kms with a dia of 7 to 9 meters and 102 meters high surg shafts with 15.5 meters dia and underground power houses of Chamera-I & II and dry Ravi in almost all its natural route (27 kilometers in Chamera I & II). In this dry region there is a tremendous increase in the temperature and there is no timely and usual rain in the basin after the installation of power projects. The present paper is based on original micro field research conducted by the researcher, has been carried out in the in the lower Himalayan Region by using exploratory and descriptive method and 300 respondents have been chosen by applying simple convenient and cluster sampling methods. To analyse the impacts on climatic conditions data provided by metrological department of executing agency and viewpoint of respondents have been recorded, analyzed and interpreted.

Keywords: Dams; Climate change; Hydroelectric power projects; Environmental changes

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Census of India (2001). Himachal Pradesh Series-3, New Delhi: Govt. of India. Council of Power Utilities in India (2000). New Delhi: Govt. of India. Economic Survey of Himachal Pradesh (2003-04). Shimla: Department of Economics & Statistics, Govt. of H.P. Global Possible Conference (1984); The Global Possible: Resources, Development, & the New Century, Washington: World Resources Institute. Harnot,S.R. & Verma, R.P. (2004). Himachal At a Glance,Shimla: Minerva Book House. Land Acquisition Act (1984). New Delhi: Government of India. Nehru, J.L. (1958). Modern Temples of India, Selected Speeches of Nehru, New Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India.

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B. ED. CHATRA SHIKSHKANMADHIL JEEVAN KAUSHLYANCHA ABHYAS

Shubhangi S. Kurhade

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11810 - 11822

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STUDY ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DERIVATIVES AND ITS MARKET IN INDIA

Mr. Krushnavadan R. Parmar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11823 - 11829

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Risk is a characteristic feature of all commodity and capital markets. Prices of all commodities – be they agricultural like wheat, cotton, rice, coffee or tea, or non- agricultural kike silver, gold etc. – are subject to fluctuation over time in keeping with prevailing demand and supply conditions. Producers or possessors of these commodities obviously cannot be sure of the prices that their produce or possession may fetch when they have to sell them, in the same way as the buyers and the processors ate not sure what they would have to pay for their buy. Similarly, prices of shares and debentures or bonds and other securities are also subject to continuous changes. Those who are charged with the responsibility of managing money, their own or of others are therefore constantly exposed to the threat of risk. In the same way, the foreign exchange rates are also subject to continuous change. Thus an importer of certain piece of machinery is not sure of the amount he would have to pay in rupee terms when the payment becomes due.

Keyword: Derivatives, Overview and Applicability

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www.nseindia.com www.bseindia.com www.derivativesindia.com www.sharekhan.com www.sebi.com www.cboe.com

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TEACHERS’ COMPETENCIES AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Minakshi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11830 - 11835

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[As Education is a birth right for all, Schools for all is also important. In various Declarations it is decided that everyone should have access to education. It is well-known that teacher is the pivot of every change. It is observed that as the teachers so the education. Thus teachers play an important role in any educational system. Inclusive education is the demand of the present society. For inclusion teachers should be well equipped with various competencies. The present paper discusses the required teacher’s competencies for inclusive education.]

Keywords: Inclusion, Inclusive Education, Competencies and teacher

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Das, Ashima; Das, Shankar; Kattumari, Ruth; Inclusive Education: Acontextual working Model, Concept Publishing Company PVT. LTD., New Delhi, 2013. Sharma, Bharathi; Inclusive Education:Needs, Practices and Prospects, Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi, 2014. Deshprabhu, Suchitra; Inclusive Education in India:An overview; Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi, 2014. Menon, Latika;Inclusive and Integrated Approaches to Special Education; Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi, 2014. Bateman, D. & Bateman, C. (2002). What Does a Principal Need To Know about Inclusion? Arlington, VA: ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED473828) Douvanis, G. & Hulsey, D. (2002). The Least Restrictive Environment Mandate: How Has It Been Defined by the Courts? ThakurA.S.and Berwal S “Development of learner and teaching learning process” Agarwal publications, Agra Singh.V “Technology based social inclusion for children with special needs” Learning CommunityVol.1 no.1 June 2010 Oza D.and Madhvi R.L. “Developmental challenges of special groups and technological determinism. University News Vol48oct.2010 "http://www.dnaindia.com/topic/differently-abled-0" http://www.education.nic.in/INCLUSIVE.asp

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BHARTIY RAJNITI ME AADARSH KE PRATIMAN ATAL BIHARI BAJPEYI

Dharvesh Katheriya, Bharat Panda, Avinash Tripathi, Padma Verma, Neeraj Kumar Singh & Anuradha

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11836 - 11844

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http://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/vajpayee-atal-bihari https://books.google.co.in/books?id=NXIbPYHeH1UC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false https://books.google.co.in/books?id=phMnc1tevHYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4FR2Ca4OCykC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false https://books.google.co.in/books?id=Pl9EDQAAQBAJ&dq=%E0%A4%85

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LITERATURE REVIEW ON EMPLOYABILITY OF STUDENTS IN TECHNICAL AND NON TECHNICAL EDUCATION, PART –I

R. J. Patil & K. S. Charak

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11845 - 11855

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This study investigates the existing literature in the field of Employability skill prevailing in India. The focus of the literature survey is to review the employability skills like general management and work culture, analytical skills self-understanding, leadership and problem solving ability and communication. The employability skill analyzed in this literature survey include is MBA graduates, Engineering graduates as well as University students too. The employability skill of the respondents is in need to improve the existing district. Being good at one skill cannot facilitate the competency in other.

Keywords: Employment, Employability skill, Engineering Students, Indian Scenario

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An Overview Of Employability Skills Required for Engineering College Leavers,M. Radhakrishnan, Dr. S. Sudha International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 –6510(Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- April (2012) Communicative Approach to Soft & Hard Skills, Ajir Chaturvedi, Ashwani Kr. Yadav and Sumit Bajpai VSRD International Journal of Business & Management Research Vol. 1 (1), 2011 Employability Skills: A Conceptual Framework, Samson Packianathan, Rajagopal Narayanan International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online), Volume 5, Issue 7, July (2014), pp. 73-80 Improving the skills of the students and cadets. – For employability – recent trends in English language teaching ,S. Gomathy , Volume 6, Issue 3, Sep-Dec (2015), pp. 96-99, Article ID: 10220150603014 IT/ITES industry perspectives on improving fresher’s Employability – a case study A.M. Kulkarni, H.K. Abhyankar, S.S. Kulkarni, International Journal of Management (IJM), Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) Employability Skills: A Research and Policy Briefing ,Dr Vicki Belt,Paul Drake, Katherine Chapman UK Commission for Employment and Skills,Briefing Paper Series,March 2010 Employability Skills -A Study on the Perception of the Engineering Students and their Prospective Employers, Chithra. R,Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 5 (2013), pp. 525-534

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CARBON SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF GREEN SPACES / URBAN PARKS (CHH. SAMBHAJI GARDEN AND CHITTARANJAN VATIKA, PUNE)

Vijayalaxmi Rajiv Shinde

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11856 - 11870

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The concentration of Carbon di-oxide has been increasing progressively for last two centuries resulting in climate change. To mitigate this, there are two alternatives by which we can reduce CO2; one is to decrease carbon emissions and another one is to increase carbon sink. Therefore, this study is going to focus on carbon pool, specifically in terms of urban parks vegetation and the impacts of green spaces on minds of common man. As we know, urban trees can help to mitigate climate change by sequestering atmospheric carbon. Thus, the need of the hour is to find ways and means for reducing the higher concentration of GHG’s.

Urban parks and gardens are considered as lungs of the cities & have the ability to remove significant amounts of air pollutants, therefore improving environmental quality (Nowak et.al, 2006) & providing a wide variety of ecological and psychological services.

In this study, GPS Instrument and GIS-Arc view 9.3 to 10.1, - a recent software of Geographic Information System (GIS) were used as measuring. This research process helps in planning and management of green spaces and also helping to improve the psychological health of the people. In both the gardens, it is found that Indigenous plant species even though present in less number sequester more carbon-dioxide.

Keywords: Carbon sinks, Carbon sequestration, Psychological health, Sustainable Development, GPS, GIS- Arc view

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Environment Protection agency report (2008). Kyoto Protocol (ND) Status of Ratification. The 1995 IPCC Report: Broad Consensus or “Scientific Cleansing. IPCC (1996), Revised Guidelines, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. IPCC (2003), Good practice guidance for land use, land use change and forestry, Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan. IPCC Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories (2006), Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFLOLU). Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Japan. IPCC (2007), Working Group-I, Fourth Assessment Report, Technical Summary’, Geneva, Switzerland. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2008), Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2006. Washington, DC. P. R. Grace, M. P. Wilfred, H. Kevin; Carbon Balance and Management (2006), 1, 14, 1-14. D. J. Nowak, D. E. Crane; Environ. Pollution (2001), 116, 3, 381–389.

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BHARTIY RAJNITI ME AADARSH KE PRATIMAN ATAL BIHARI VAJPEYI

Dharvesh Katheriya, Bharat Panda, Avinash Tripathi, Padama Vaerma, Neeraj Kumar Sinh, & Anuradha

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11871 - 11884

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SHRILANKETIL BUDDHA DHAMMACHA UDAY: EK ABHYAS

Dhananjay Baburao Lokhande

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11871 - 11878

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CYBER EDUCATION OF SOCIAL MEDIA

Suresh G. Isave

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11879 - 11882

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Social media is one the mostly used platform on the internet. The nature of social media is very cast and vulnerable. Facebook, Twitter, Instagrm, WhatsApp etc. are popular platforms even in India. Users should be made aware about the threats and precautions about the use of social media. The present paper describes the nature of threats, precautions and remedies on social media. Keywords: Social media, Cyber Education, ICT in education

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https://blog.bufferapp.com/social-media-trends-2018 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/social-media https://www.business2community.com/social-media/future-social-media-32-experts-share-2018-predictions-01973207 https://www.smartinsights.com/social-media-marketing/social-media-strategy/new-global-social-media-research/ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indians-spend-70-of-mobile-internet-time-on-social-entertainment/articleshow/62125840.cms

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VIDYARTHI JIVAN AUR BAUDH DHARM KI UPADEYATA

Rekha Rani

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11883 - 11887

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AADIVASI BOLINCHE SWARUP V BHAVITAVYA

Prof. Kirankumar Kavathekar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11883 - 11887

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E-LIBRARIES: TRENDS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Dharambeer Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11888 - 11891

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Digital libraries have the following characteristics – they store, preserve, distribute and protect contents in different formats and, at the same time, they allow interaction between the user and the contents; they are always present, both geographically and over time; they can make works internationally known, enhancing referencing and citations; they can make public the products of the educational process and let them be used as inputs for further learning. This work addresses some aspects of digital libraries that make them suitable tools to support higher education. Libraries have been the companions of higher education for many centuries. They have preserved and given access to all sorts of materials – books, manuscripts, rare documents, journals, maps, etc. – that have supported the process of learning. They have also been the keepers of materials produced by students, faculty and researchers – graduate projects, theses & dissertations, technical reports, etc. – in this sense they have functioned as the institutional archive.

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Sharma V.N., 2015: “Higher Education Policies in India” Vivek Pub. Delhi, p-37 Singh S. D., 2014: “Higher Education in U.P. and RUSA” Samajik Sahyog, Ujjain, p-43 Hunt H., 1967: Research Methodology; Prentice Hall, p-126 Pandey U C, 2018:; Library automation Techniques, AXIS Pub. Newdelhi p-89,. Panikker K, 209; Pros and cons of Automated Libraries, Krish Pub Meerut p-126.

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EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF NPK ON PH, EC AND ORGANIC CARBON OF SOIL UNDER RICE, WHEAT CROPPING

Rajesh Kishor Tripathi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11892 - 11896

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Continuous use of fertilizer, on an average resulted in an increase in Ec value from 0.385-to 0.399 being lowest under no fertilizer control. Application of fertilizer favoured in increase Ec value. The highest Ec (0.399) was recorded under NPK fertilized plot receiving highest amount. The Ec of the soil was greatly influenced with respect to the crops under test, was higher after wheat crop compared to that after rice crop. Organic carbon content progressively increased with fertilizer application, the value being highest at higher application rate of NPK.

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Acharya, C.N. and Rajagopalan, K. (1956). Effect of continuous use of manure and fertilizers on the carbon and nitrogen level of the soil. J.Indian Soc. Soil Sci, 4:111-125. Anand Swarup and Ghosh, A.B.(1979). Effect of intensive fertilizer used based on soil test, on the available phosphorus status of soil. Bull,Indian Soc Soil Sci. 12:334-38. Anand Swarup and Ghosh,A,B. (1980). Changes in the status of water soluble sulphur and available micronutrient in soil as a result of intensive cropping and manuring. J.Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 281366-370. Aulakh, M.S., Pasricha, N.S. and Dev, G.(1977). Response of different crops to sulphur fertilization in Punjab. Fert, Newa. 22 (9) : 32-36. Andonin, N.S.; Ames, I.P. and Stepanova, L.N.(1960). Effect of fertilizers on properties of podzolic soil. Pochovedeníc 9:25-35 (cf. Soil Fert. 24:293, 1960). Bache, B.S. and Heathcote, R.G. (1969). Long term effect of fertilizers and manures on soil and leaves of cotton in Nigeria. Expt, Agric. 5:241-247.

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PRAKRUTI KA ASANTULANKARI SWARUP - PARYAVARAN KE LIYE GHATAK

Padama Tripathi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11897 - 11901

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GRAMIN- NAGARIY PRAVASAN EANV UTTARDAYI KARAK

Shivraj Singh Yadav

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11902 - 11910

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PRACTICING CHILDBIRTH RITUALS: A STUDY OF MOTHERHOOD

Vasiraju Rajyalakshmi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11911 - 11926

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Motherhood and the definition of mother varies based on how social, cultural, and religious roles are defined in a particular culture or society. The social roles associated with motherhood are variable across time, culture, and social class. The expression of motherhood too therefore is different across cultures. The role of symbols, rituals and practices in the expression of motherhood is recognized in the society as essential to the practice of motherhood. Rituals play a key role therefore in defining and further expressing motherhood in a culture. The performance of the birth ritual helps women in creating a self-image as well as a public image which thereby creates an identity and in this case an identity of a mother. This socialization through birth rituals provides social as well self-identification of a woman as a mother and introduces her to the societal role of mother as defined by her culture. We through this study will look to highlight the rituals involved in the expression of motherhood in India confining ourselves to the Hindu ritualistic practices associated to motherhood. Keywords: socialisation, motherhood, rituals, society, family, practice

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Bennett, L. (1983). Dangerous Wives and Sacred Sisters: Social and Symbolic Roles of High Caste Women in Nepal. New York: Columbia University Press. Bhattacharji, S. (1990). Motherhood in Ancient India. Econimic and Political Weekly , 25 (42/43), 50-57. Bose, B. (1929). Hindu Customs in Bengal. Calcutta: Book Company. Collins, C., & Lewis, Bradford F. 2008, How Rituals and Tradition are used as a Tools of Socialisation at Black Women’s College, Journal of Though, Volume 43, No. 3-4, Pg 47-57 Dube, Leela. (1988). On the Contruction of Gender: Hindu Girls in Patrilineal India. Economic and political Weekly, Vol. 23, No. 18, pp 11-19 Frazer, J. (1958). The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. New York: Macmillan. Fruzzetti, L. M. (1990). The Gift Of A Virgin. Bombay Calcutta Madras: Oxford University Press. Gennep, Arnold. Van. (1960). The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. George, G., & S.J. (1956). Sociology of Ritual. The American Catholic Sociological Review , 17 (2), 117-130. Goldin, Simha. (1996) (The Role of Ceremonies in the Socialization Process: the Case of Inden, R. B., & Nicholas, R. W. (1977). Kinship in Begali Culture. London: university of chocago Press. Jenkins, R. (2000). Categorisation: Identity, Social Procees and Epistemology. Current Sociology , 6-25. Jewish Communities of Northern France and Germany in the Middle, Achieves de sciences 163-178.

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INDIAN OCEAN NAVAL SYMPOSIUM (IONS) - A FORUM FOR INDIA’S STEP TOWARDS MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION

Nitin Mohod & Mohan S. Kashikar

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11927 - 11933

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The Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) is an inclusive and voluntary initiative that brings together navies of littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region with the aim of increasing maritime cooperation and enhancing regional se4curity. It is a forum for discussion, policy formulation as well as numerous aspects of naval operation, all of which are crucial elements of a cooperative mechanism. Key words: IONS, Indian Ocean, safety mechanism, dialogue

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https://www.indiannavy.nic.in/content/10th-anniversary-indian-ocean-naval-symposium-be-hosted-13-14-november-2018 Freedom to Use the Seas: India’s Maritime Military Strategy. New Delhi, Integrated Headquarters Ministry of Defence (Navy), 147 p. http://aldeilis.net/mumbai/1686.pdf Raja Mohan C. Modi’s World: Expanding India’s Sphere of Influence. New Delhi, Harper Collins Publishers India, 2015. 229 p IONS nations’ moot common military command. https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/nov/14/ions-nations-moot-common-military-command-1897876.html Kumar Y. Diplomatic Dimensions of Maritime Challenges for India in the 21st Century. New Delhi, Pentagon Press, 2015. 258 p. Brewster D. India’s Ocean. The story of India’s bid for regional leadership. Abingdon, Routledge, 2014. 228 p.

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EMPOWERMENT – REALITY OR MYTH?

Neeru Vasishth & V. Rajyalakshmi

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11934 - 11944

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Women have acquired knowledge and skills to strengthen the human capital to enter the professional world. However, the labour market is still partially open to them. In the patriarchal society, there is evidence to suggest discrimination and suspicion about women and their career potential. Information collected through interviews, surveys and workshops fills the data gaps and offers insights into the process of gender character at the workplace. While opportunities exist for women, outlook of organisations, society and individuals remains a major concern. Open-ended questions that remain unanswered since ages, at various levels need to be radically addressed to bring the desired change. Key words: Empowerment, Economic actors, Change agents, Collectivism

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Allen, C. D., Okada, T., & Cyster, J. G. (2007). Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics. Immunity, 27(2), 190-202. Bhatnagar, D. (1987). A study of attitudes towards women officers in banks (No. WP1987-04-01_00744). Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Research and Publication Department. Brown, D., & Keith, V. (Eds.). (2003). In and out of our right minds: The mental health of African American women. Columbia University Press. Budhwar, P. S., Saini, D. S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2005). Women in management in the new economic environment: The case of India. Asia Pacific Business Review, 11(2), 179-193. Budhwar, P. S., Saini, D. S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2005). Women in management in the new economic environment: The case of India. Asia Pacific Business Review, 11(2), 179-193. Choi, S., & Rainey, H. G. (2010). Managing diversity in US federal agencies: Effects of diversity and diversity management on employee perceptions of organizational performance. Public Administration Review, 70(1), 109-121.

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GEOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF SOIL WATER HOLDING APACITY IN THE CONTEXT OF MAHAD TALUKA

Sameer Arun Butala

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11945 - 11948

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Suitable soil for the growth of crops in the major factors that cause the water to be with various factors. Each point of the water in the soils ability to absorbable is varied. Its impact on the growth of the crops. It is the same kind. Different types of emps in the same soil for a while, increasingly different water various capacities found.

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Agricultural components the Sea Episome - Government of Maharashtra Agroforestry Agricultural component- Millions of new Ranjan (Bhagirath release) The General - Sheikh S Candepasa

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL TEACHING AND INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD TEACHING IN LEARNING CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY

Ramesh Bhavisetti

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11949 - 11956

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The rapid changes and increased complexity of today’s world present new challenges and put new demands on our education system. Teaching and learning stand more successful when technology is added to the classroom and to progress students’ learning and to support them extent their aims. Interactive Whiteboard is an influential device in the classroom adding interactivity and association, allowing the integration of media content into the lecture and supporting collaborative learning. Hence researcher would like to study on Interactive Whiteboard teaching in learning Science in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. True-Experimental research design was used for this study. The population of the study was made up of 8th class CBSE Students. The sample population was made up of 160 students. This study intends to find out the effectiveness of Interactive Whiteboard teaching in learning Chemistry and Biology. Objectives, Hypotheses, Tool, Sample, Method, Data Analysis, and Educational Implications are discussed as follows. Key Words: Technology, Conventional, Learning, Interactive Whiteboard

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Armstrong, V. & Barnes, S. & Sutherland, R. & S. Curran & Mills, S. & Thompson (2005), ‘Collaborative research methodology for investigating teaching and learning: the use of interactive whiteboard technology’ Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, November 2005. BECTA (2006). Teaching interactively with electronic whiteboards in the primary phase. Retrieved October 18, 2009 from http://publications.becta.org.uk/download.cfm?resID=25918.

BASICS OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL

Kaushal Kishor Singh & Yogendra Kumar Saraswat

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11957 - 11965

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A hydrogen fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen to produce electricity. It is a clean form of energy with electricity, heat and water being the only products and by-products. Fuel cells offer a variety of applications, from transportation to emergency back-up power, and can power systems as large as a power plant or as small as a laptop. Fuel cells provide advantages over traditional combustion-based technologies, including greater efficiencies and lower emissions. Since hydrogen fuel cells only emit water, there are no carbon dioxide emissions or other pollutants released into the atmosphere. Fuel cells are also quiet during operation as they have fewer moving parts than combustion technologies. A hydrogen fuel cell uses the chemical energy of hydrogen to produce electricity. It is a clean form of energy with electricity, heat and water being the only products and by-products. Fuel cells offer a variety of applications, from transportation to emergency back-up power, and can power systems as large as a power plant or as small as a laptop. Fuel cells provide advantages over traditional combustion-based technologies, including greater efficiencies and lower emissions. Since hydrogen fuel cells only emit water, there are no carbon dioxide emissions or other pollutants released into the atmosphere. Fuel cells are also quiet during operation as they have fewer moving parts than combustion technologies.

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Andrews, J.; Shabani, B. Where Does Hydrogen Fit in a Sustainable Energy Economy? Procedia Eng. 2012, 49, 15–25. SUDHIR, M- The Hydrogen Economy-Vision or reality? Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2015, 40, 7903–7919. International Energy Agency (IEA) Hydrogen, Global Trends and Outlook for Hydrogen, December 2017.(accessed on 27 July 2019). International Energy Agency, Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells. Available online: ( 18 July 2019).

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS

Davender Singh Yadav & Satnam Singh

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11966 - 11970

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The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievements. For this, Government Senior Secondary School of Directorate of Education, G.N.C.T.Delhi, comprised the sample of the study. 828 students from 27 schools constituted the sample of the study. (AAHPERD) youth fitness test has been used for measuring the physical fitness. Class-X CBSE examination was taken as their academic achievement. The study concluded that there is no relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement except good physical fitness category students. Most of the students (72%) were found average in physical fitness.

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Arnett, “Interrelationship between Selected Physical Fitness Variables and Academic Achievement of College Women”. Research Quarterly 39:227–230. (May, 1968) Barrett, Sharon Fisher. “Relationship between the Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement of Elementary and Secondary Students”. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol.:48:04, (October1987), P.5124A Cocke, “Relationship of Physical Activity and Academic Performance” http: / www. Cde. Ca. gov /re /nr /hr /yr03rel 74. asp (2002).

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THE SELECTION AND USE OF CONTEXTUALIZED DIALOGUES FROM PULP FICTION TO ENHANCE SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE OF L2 LEARNERS

Yatharth N. Vaidya

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11966 - 11970

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Hymes (1962) has given the concept of communicative competence which comprises grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence and strategic competence. Since of all the four competence areas, grammatical competence has been much emphasized, discourse and sociolinguistic competences have been forced in the backdrop. Consequently, the level of appropriacy has not developed. In short the utterances might be accurate but not appropriate in the given situation. It is quite normal for any Indian to ask a question like “What is your good name?” which does not make sense to an English man. I propose to study in this research paper the importance of reading pulp fiction in enhancing the sociolinguistic competence of L2 learners. Pulp fiction makes us familiar with the language in use. As the goal of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) is to enable the learner to use functional English proficiently, pulp fiction provides him with different expressions and usages used in different contexts. I also propose to study what way pulp fiction can help the learner use the language appropriately with the help of the tasks like fill in the gaps, matching exercise and free writing.

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Berry, A. (1994). "Spanish and American Turn-Taking Styles: A Comparative Study." InPragmatics & Language Learning Monograph Series, L. F. Bouton and Y. Kachru, (Eds.), 5, 180-190.

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KANHAVAT MAIN NAITIK BODH AUR BHARTIYA SANSKRUTI

Dr. Mukesh Kumar

Received Date: 25/02/2019 | Accepted Date: 28/02/2019 | Published Date: 04/03/2019

Issue: Jan-Feb, 2019 | Volume/Issue:6/49 | Page No.: 11981 - 11990

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