The present study is descriptive one and it has been conducted in Jagraon Tehsil of Ludhiana District. The sample comprised 200 students of 10+1 class (100 boys and 100 girls) of Government Senior Secondary Schools of Jagraon Tehsil. The data was obtained by using Problem Solving Ability Test by Dubey, and Mathematical Attitude Scale by Gakhar. The Percentage scores obtained in 10th class examination in the subject of mathematics were considered as Mathematics Achievement. The obtained data was analyzed using Persons\' correlation and step-up regression. The major findings are (i) There exists significant positive relationship between Problem Solving Ability and Mathematics Achievement (ii) There exists significant positive relationship between Mathematical Attitude and Mathematics Achievement and (iii) Problem Solving Ability and Mathematical Attitude conjointly predict Mathematics Achievement significantly higher as compared to their separate prediction for adolescents. Keywords: Problem Solving Ability, Mathematical Attitude, Mathematics Achievement 

Emotional intelligence (EI) is being recognized as a correlate of success in various domains of personal and professional life. The aim of this study is to generate and evaluate a shortened Iranian version of the Emotional Skills based on bar-on instrument for salespeople in Iran.This research examines how sales professionals use emotions in marketing exchanges to facilitate positive outcomes for their firms, themselves, and their customers.The authors conduct this study to examine the impact of emotional intelligence (EI) in marketing exchanges on key marketing exchange variables:Customer orientation and manifest influence and adaptive selling.Finally, results indicate a positive relationship between EIME and key marketing exchange variables. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, Marketing exchanges, Salespeople 

The significance of creating scientific temper is plainly established by the way that it is one of our central obligations to create scientific temper and spirit of inquiry by individual resident of India. Article 51 A of our constitution makes it an obligation of each citizen to develop a scientific temper. The present study was undertaken to compare the scientific temper of tribal and non-tribal adolescents of Kashmir. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the adolescent students from the different high schools of Anantnag and Kupwara districts of Kashmir. Wani, S. R., and Nadeem, N. A. scientific temper scale was employed to collect data for scientific temper. Independent samples t-test was used to analyse the data. The results were found that the tribal and non-tribal adolescents differ significantly on the measure of scientific temper at 0.01 level of significance. Non-tribal adolescents showed a higher level of scientific temper than tribal students. Further the study revealed that there exist no significant difference between the male and female adolescents on the measure of scientific temper in each group. 

The purpose of the study was to analyze the differences in diameter between halfback football and hockey players. This study was conducting on 60 football and hockey players with an aim to find out differences in diameter between the halfbacks football (n=30) and halfback hockey (n=30). The data for the present study were collected in the inter college competition organized by Himachal Pradesh University. Each players was tested for various diametric measurements necessary for estimation of humerus diameter, wrist diameter, femur bicondylar diameter and ankle diameter measurements of halfback footballers and hockey players. To analyze the difference in certain diametric measurements between two groups of football and hockey players were determined through „t‟ test. From the findings, ,it may be interpreted that halfbacks of hockey game possessed significantly greater elbow diameter as compared to halfbacks of football game. . Further, although the halfbacks of football game have depicted somewhat higher mean value for wrist diameter and ankle diameter in comparison to halfbacks of hockey game, similarly half back of hockey game depicted somewhat higher mean value for femur bicondylar diameter. But none of such mean differences were found to be significant. In case of wrist diameter, femur bicondylar diameter and ankle diameter there existed no significant differences between the halfback of football and hockey games. Keywords: Anthropometry, diameter 

This paper provides an overview related to management of migration and human rights. The paper lays emphases on theoretically road map for the better understanding of the human rights specifically the vulnerable migrant. To eliminate widespread discrimination against the migrant workers and members of their families a Convention was adopted by the General Assembly of United Nations on December 18, 1990. The Convention came in to force on 1 July 2003. Migrant means is a person who is to be engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a State of which he or she is not a national. The expression member of the family has also been defined as persons married to migrant workers or having with them relationship that according to applicable law. In 2013, United Nations General Assembly High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development represents a key opportunity to address in a comprehensive manner the human rights dimensions of migration at the international level and to foster more effective cooperation and coherence between States, international organisations, civil society actors and other stakeholders. In this paper attempt will made to explore why it is important to embed the human rights framework and a human rights-based approach within the global institutional architecture on migration. Proper governance of migration and human rights explore future directions in this regard. Migrant workers are the human asset of the receiving country if managed well otherwise it increase the burden on economy. Keywords: Migration, human rights, discrimination, Council of States, United Nation and International Conventions. 

Sound education is expected to provide ways and means for achieving the development of body, mind and spirit. Emotion is the subjective experience associated with personality, temperament, mood and disposition. We all have different wants and needs, and different ways of showing our emotions. Character development is the foundation of a society wherein, selfishness, violence and out of control emotions tear apart the goodness of daily life of people. An individual who has control over urge of emotions will be able to take another person’s perspective, which leads to tolerance and acceptance of differences. Working on the emotions for positive gain, and encouraging emotional growth of children in classroom has become more crucial now than ever before. It is expected that academically successful people had higher levels of emotional competencies. Emotional Intelligence predicts success in all walks of life and hence it has gained paramount importance in all the fields. A heart-based ability (emotional intelligence) allows us a new relationship to our emotions. Teachers need to be trained in emotional intelligence, to manage their own emotions and those of others for helping students. Emotional intelligence is as relevant for teacher educators as it is for the teachers and learners. This research article explores the emotional intelligence level of teacher educators in relation to certain demographical variables. The results show that the group under study possessed average emotional intelligence. The gender and experience of the teacher educators did not make any differential influence on their emotional intelligence. But significant difference was found in emotional intelligence of teacher educators in relation to area and marital status. Keywords: Education, Teaching, Emotional Intelligence, Teacher educator 

The idea of a common school system is an old as Kothari Commission (1964-66) emphasized as the expansion of educational institutions broadly with an accent on equalization of educational opportunities. The committee had recommended education to people of all straits of society and envisaged a common school system of public education. In the light of recent passage of Right to Education Act as a fundamental right to all children between 6-14 years of age. There is a critical need to find ways in which this can be realized. 21st is also now widely acknowledged that without community as a primary stakeholder in the process, this right would not meet its intent. The act provides for various entry points for such a purpose, most critical of them being school management committees. Oxfam and many other civil society organizational have been working through various models for quite some time in which community of parents, teachers, local institutions and civil society have been working together provide a vision in which this right can be realized. In this study we are discussing about the role of community/ NGO’s in implementing free and compulsory education and what measures we have to adopt to solve the problems of dropouts. Keywords: Emphasized, Equalization, Envisaged, Stakeholder, Organizational 

The role of the Army in disaster management is very essential. It continues to be amongst the first responders in a disaster situation even before the civilian resources have been deployed. The unique geo-climatic conditions of India make it highly vulnerable to natural hazards. Disaster management is an area of primary concern for governments around the world today. Part of the reason for such a state of affairs is the increasingly aware and informed public perception of disasters and calamities. Armed forces, which are ultimately responsible to the head of the state in a democratic form of government, are expected to carry out all directives that are assigned to them. Professional soldiers are trained to ignore their personal situation and state of mind and carry out their duties regardless of the distress caused or the difficulties faced. It is this dedication and their training that can prove to be a valuable asset for disaster planners. The major role of armed forces in disaster management is to conduct the rescue operation and evacuate the people. Always the first respondent to any disaster is the major challenge for them. There is a need for better cooperation between the armed forces and other government and civil organizations of that area. Keywords: Armed Forces, Disaster, Evacuation, Rescue 

The aim of this study was to biomechanically analyze the double handed back hand drive in tennis and to find out the relationship between selected kinematic variables with the performance of double handed backhand drive. A total of 5 male university level subjects were selected (aged 20.54 ± 2.11) from tennis match practice group of Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education by using consecutive sampling. The results of the study reveals that the relationship of angular kinematic variable(angle at left shoulder joint, angle at left elbow joint, angle at left hip joint, angle at left knee joint.) and Linear kinematic variable (height of center of mass at moment contact) was found to be insignificant at the moment contact. The relationship was not significant as the P – value was more than .05. The reason for such result could be that the player performance i.e. the double handed backhand drive was measured through Hewitt tennis test. In Hewitt tennis test, the subject required to place the ball in specified area so the player might have been more concerned and focus on the placement of ball in the specified area to achieve good score whereas the actual situation demands the placement of ball according to the opponent’s position. Keywords: Kinematic, Tennis, Double handed backhand drive 

Academic Cheating is a solemn issue in front of academic world. The present study has tried to explore the academic cheating among adolescents with different levels of self control. A representative sample of 300 (150 male and 150 female) adolescents from urban and rural schools of five districts in Haryana was randomly selected. Academic Cheating Scale by Kalia & Kirandeep (2011) and Self Control Scale by Singh & Sengupta (1996) were used to assess academic cheating and self control of adolescents. ANNOVA and t-test was applied to study significant difference in academic cheating among adolescents with different levels of self control. The study revealed that adolescents having very low self control were found to be significantly higher on academic cheating. No significant difference was observed among high self control and very high self control adolescents on academic cheating. However results differ for rest of groups. Keywords: Academic Cheating, Self Control and Adolescents. 

 

Life space is the milieu where micro and macro system interact and create an environment which can make educational institutions conducive for emotional, social, intellectual and cultural development. In the present study, life space environment of students in the educational institutions of secondary, higher secondary and degree colleges in Mumbai were studied. Students from secondary, higher secondary and degree students were selected for this study. Life Space Environment Scale was used for analysing and comparing the life space environment of students in educational institutions in Mumbai. The result of this study explicate that there was significant difference between the ratings of life space environment of educational institutions with respect to the level of education. The overall rating of life space environment in educational institutions was also significantly different by the age group of the students. The result of the study also indicates that, there was a significant difference between the ratings of student level practices in the educational institutions with respect to age group of the students. The Study reveals that there was a positive correlation between the rating of life space environment and student\'s level practices in the educational institutions. Keywords: Life space; Macro System; Micro System. 

The present research work intents to study the impact of attitude towards new teaching technique on teacher effectiveness. Researchers selecting 120 samples from the School of Bhilai through the “Disproportionate stratified random sampling” for this research work with the help of standardized tools collected data on the basis of it analysis and interpretation with required statistical technique like Mean, T score and level of significance tested the hypotheses find out the purposive findings to focus on proper suggestive suggestion towards conclusion. Keywords: Teacher’s Attitude, New Teaching Techniques, Teacher Effectiveness. 

Schools and teachers had more responsibilities in molding the character of students. The teacher was expected to play multidimensional role. So present study was conducted to investigate the impact of Emotional Intelligence on Teacher Effectiveness of B.Ed interns. B.Ed students studying in colleges with 5-10 years of establishment and colleges with 15-20 years of establishment were selected as sample of study. Teacher Effectiveness Scale(TES) by Kumar and .Mutha, Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) by Hyde , Pethe and Dhar were used to measure Teacher Effectiveness and Emotional Intelligence .After analysis it was found that students studying in colleges with 5-10 years of establishment and 15-20 years of establishment were found to exhibit different levels of Teacher effectiveness. It was also found that high emotional intelligence contributes to teacher effectiveness consistently in both the categories of institutions viz 5-10 years of establishment and 15-20 years of establishment, with one observation that in case of high emotional intelligence and average emotional intelligent students, maturity of institutions did not play any role with respect to teacher effectiveness But in case of low emotional intelligence teacher effectiveness was found to be higher in case of institutions with 5-10 years of establishment than in institutions with 15-20 years of establishment . 

The study determines the impact of demographics and psychographics on consumers’ green purchase behaviour in the Jalandhar region of Punjab. A survey was conducted to gather and elicit responses, wherein one hundred and fifty respondents responded to a structured questionnaire. The findings conclude that demographics (which includes age, income & education level) and psychographics (which includes environmental concern, environmental attitude and altruism) on individual basis posses a significant influence on consumers’ green purchase behaviour. Further the results indicate that consumers’ adoption of environmental attitude is motivating them to change their life styles and inculcate them in their living standards; moreover consumers are positively inclined for products which use green marketing practices to preserve the environment. 

The present study was carried out to study parent-child interactional patterns of high and low achieving IX graders. The sample comprised of 100 students of class IX of the age ranging between 13-15 studying in private and government schools of Chandigarh. The independent variable in this study was parent-child interaction and dependent variable was achievement. A qualitative analysis of responses of parents on parent child interaction scale revealed that parents of both high and low achievers were willing to devote time to their children\'s academics. But, parents of high achievers provided more academic guidance than parents of low achievers. Direct instruction by parents was more popular among low achievers group than the high achievers group. Parents of low achievers were found a little higher on verbal facility with their children. However, verbal contact with the child was almost the same for both the groups. Parents of high achievers were found higher on providing emotional security to the children as compared to their counterparts. Parents of low achievers showed more inclinations in boosting educational aspirations of their children than parents of high achievers. Better intellectual climate at home was provided by parents of high achievers than the parents of low achievers. Keywords: Parent-child interaction, achievement, high achievers, low achievers 

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between adjustment and attitude towards teaching of secondary school teachers of Amritsar city. The study also examined the differences in adjustment and attitude towards teaching of secondary school teachers with respect to gender and type of school. For this, 200 respondents from Amritsar city of Punjab state were selected. The results of the investigation revealed that there is significant difference in scores of adjustment and attitude towards teaching of males and females with respect to type of school. . The study further revealed that there is gender difference in adjustment of secondary school teachers but this difference is insignificant in attitude towards teaching. However significant relationship between adjustment and attitude towards teaching of secondary school teachers is found. Keywords: adjustment, attitude towards teaching, gender 

In the present study the researchers have tried to explore the effect of cooperative learning-STAD on academic achievement in Chemistry of secondary school students. This is a quasi- experimental study based on simple random design for preparing two groups such as experimental and control group. Total 140 students of class VIII of St. Mary’s school, Bijnor (U.P.) were selected as a sample for the present study. Out of which 70 students were considered in experimental group and were exposed to cooperative learning method while another 70 students were named control group and taught through traditional method (Lecture+Demonstration+Discussion). The students of both the groups were taught one period of 40 minutes per day for 30 days. After that a self made achievement test for chemistry is administered on both the groups. After experimentation Academic achievement test scores were obtained. The data, thus collected, were analyzed through t-test. The results related to this study show that Cooperative learning oriented teaching is significantly effective for increasing the level of Academic achievement in Chemistry. Keywords: Cooperative Learning, Achievement, Traditional method, Chemistry teaching 

The purpose of the present study was to compare the selected sports specific psychomotor abilities between batsmen and bowlers in cricket. The study was conducted on 12 male cricketers (6 batsmen and 6 bowlers) purposively selected from 18-25 age group. Subjects were selected from the students of Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior. For the purpose of measurement Vienna test system (VTS), a leading computerized psychological assessment tool was used for measuring time movement anticipation, reaction test, senso-motor coordination, sustained attention variables. For the purpose of statistical assessment one way ANOVA was used at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that apart from one subvariable MMT_RT(mean motor time_reaction time) which was significant as rest all the subvariables were found to be insignificant. Keywords: VTS, Time-movement Anticipation, Reaction Test, Sensomotor Coordination, Sustained Attention 

This research article attempts to explore the full implication of John Masters’ engagement with India and to show how he fictionalises the British- India encounter. The mutiny novel has been identified as one of the pieces of the mosaic in the construction of identity. This model of identity supports the national imperialist vocation, extolling British qualities and representing historical events in mythical, stereotypical and racist fashion. The historical romances provide an optimal literary realm to make a perfect blend of realism and fantasy. Masters’ Nightrunners of Bengal, a mutiny novel, is an ample testimony to it and claims an important niche in the Anglo-Indian canon of imperial romance. Keywords: Discourse, Imperialism, Mutiny, Revolt, Romance 

In 21st Century, Education emerges as effective tool of change in the society. It has several dimensions like philosophy, psychology, sociology etc. Now the technology is playing a vital role in the field of education particularly in school education. Classrooms are going to change from traditional to smart. When we talk about smart classroom we require certain things like computer, internet, video camera, speakers, microphone, projector etc. This technology is also called Virtual Classroom Technology where the teacher can deliver lecture with both the mode like synchronous and asynchronous virtual mode through internet. This paper focuses on the role of virtual classroom software which provides the facility of synchronous and asynchronous virtual mode of teaching. By using this Virtual Classroom Software [VCS], the teacher can not only deliver the lecture but also evaluate the students. This software has several features like live class/online class, offline class, create future class, notice board, assessment, feedback etc. The teacher can use power point presentation/word documents while delivering live lecture. Students can easily communicate through chat/feedback segment to teacher and get quick reply also. The role of Virtual Classroom Software is very important. It reduces the huge paperwork and gives quick assessment. It is called “Any time, Any where classroom”. Teacher should manage the progress of the each students of the class through this software. It will be very beneficial for teachers, students and entire educational system. Keywords: Virtual Classroom Software, Synchronous and Asynchronous Mode, any time any where classroom 

The present study was carried out to compare electromyographically the muscle activation in abdominal muscles between seated leg tucks and hanging leg raises. Six athletically active males range 18-22 years) i.e, age group from 20.33 ± 1.37 years volunteered to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly selected. Biograph infiniti version 5.0 was used analyze the muscle activation in the upper and lower abdominal muscles. To analyze the difference in muscle activation in hanging leg raises and seated leg tucks paired t test was applied in both the groups differently using SPSS. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The results revealed that in comparision to seated leg tucks the muscle activation of the upper abs (t value=4.74, p-value=.01at 5 df) and the lower abs (t value=5.04, p-value=.00 at 5 df)during the execution of hanging leg raises were statistically different than the seated leg tucks. Keywords: EMG, Seated Leg Tucks, Hanging Leg Raises, Upper Abs, Lower Abs 

Feet are the terminal portion of a limb which bears weight and allows locomotion. This study aimed at comparing and analysis the pressure differences of the foot in two different sports. Ten male (age = 20.71 ± 2.12 years) all India university level players were selected from Weight - Lifting (n = 5) and Judo (n = 5) using purposive sampling. The subjects were asked to stand on BTS P – Wave modular system (Pressure plate) and the data was recorded for 5 seconds. The results of the study reveal that no statistical differences were found between the two sports suggesting that both the sports have similar type of foot morphological values. In case of comparing the left and right foot, again no significant differences were found concluding that the surface area, force and average pressure in both the feet were found to be similar. Keywords: Foot Morphology,Pressure plate, Weight – Lifting and Judo 

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographycal responses between triceps medialis and biceps brachii muscles while performing forehand drive in tennis. Seven male (age = 21.12 ± 2.31 years) all India university level tennis players were selected by using purposive sampling. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was recorded with the help of biograph infinity software (EMG). Surface ElectroMyoGraphy (SEMG) was used for measuring muscle (Triceps Medialis and Biceps Brachii) electrical activity that occurs during forehand drivein tennis. Each subject performs ten trails, out of the several trails the mean value of first three correct trails were selected for the analysis. The results of the study reveal that, Biceps Brachii shows higher muscles activation than the Triceps medialis muscles while performing the forehand drive in tennis.Significant differences was observed concluding that the biceps brachii muscles plays a more dominant role while performing forehand drive in tennis than triceps medialis. Keywords: Electromyography, Muscle activation, Forehand drive, Triceps Medialisand Biceps Brachii 

Self esteem and Life satisfaction have greater contribution over wellbeing of human beings. Basing on the importance of these factors, the study was designed to assess the levels of self esteem and life satisfaction among the university students. The sample consisted of 120 (60 males and 60 females) students from Utkal University and Ravenshaw University. Coopersmith‘s Self Esteem Inventory and Diener’s Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered on the participants. The data were analysed by means of Pearson’s ‘r’, and ‘Two Way ANOVA’ (F). The results revealed that the self esteem and Life Satisfaction were significantly positively related. The Female High SES University Students showed a higher level of Self esteem and Female Moderate SES University Students showed a higher level of Life satisfaction. Finally, the implications were discussed. Keywords: Self esteem, Life satisfaction, wellbeing, Socio-Economic Status (SES), Gender differences, Self concept 

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the level of exam anxiety among senior secondary school students and to study the influence of gender, locality and their various interactions on the level of exam anxiety among senior secondary school students. The sample comprised 180 senior secondary school students selected randomly from four senior secondary schools (two from urban and from rural areas) affiliated to H.B.S.E., Bhiwani, Haryana. Data were analysed by adopting the criterion Mean ± SD and using two way ANOVA (2x 2 factorial designs) and t-test. Results indicated that (i) most of the senior secondary school students have comparatively moderate level of exam anxiety; (ii) there is significant independent effect of variables viz. gender and locality on exam anxiety among secondary school students; and (iii) there is significant two factor interactive effect of variables on the level of exam anxiety among secondary school students. 

The use of English language has proliferated in every sphere. In order to avail the benefits of modern technologies, ensure higher education and employment opportunities, etc the study of English has become utmost important. Students after graduation normally go for higher education or in search of jobs. They need to acquire a good level of proficiency in English to compete with the outside world. All colleges in India teach English as one of its subjects. Nevertheless, there are factors affecting effective teaching- learning of this language. One of them is the lack of appropriate textbooks. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a General English textbook “Landscape” based on G.U revised syllabus for B.A. Sem I and II. The data for this study was collected employing research instruments like textbook analysis, questionnaires and semi-structured interview. The findings of this study reveal that the textbook suffers from a number of pitfalls. The textbook does not allow for the integration of the four language skills. The poetry section contains no exercises and activities. No glossary and illustration is provided. The textbook fails to attract the interest of majority of the students. The assessment activities fail to test the learners’ real mastery of the language. Keywords : General English textbook for B.A. Sem I and II, textbook evaluation, effectiveness, inaccuracies 

4-[(4-chloro phenyl) methylene]-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazolin-5-one and thiosemicarbazide were mixed in a round bottom flask. Pyrindine was added to the mixture and refluxed on heating mental for 3 hours. Content colled, then poured over crushed ice and recrystalised from alchohol. Product (II) obtained. 1-(hydrazinothioxomethyl)-4-[(4-chloro phenyl) methylene]-2-phenyle-2-imidazolin-5-one and benzaldehyde were refuxed in ethanol containing a few drops of gl. Acetic acid for 3 hours in water bath. Then excess of solvent was distilled off and crude product was washed with water, filled, dried and further washed with petroleium ether. Recrystallied product(III) from R.F.Spirit. The other 15 compounds were prepared by following the above procedure. The structure of these compounds were established on the basis of analytical data, 1HNMR, IR and mass spectral studies. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-micribial activities. 

Purpose of the school is an institution where talents are nurtured. Therefore it becomes very important to continuously revise and introduce such measures and schemes which will impact the mind, character and physical ability of the learner. Indian education is moving from summative to a continuous evaluation system. The present study was conducted to explore the secondary school teacher’s awareness towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. This study is an attempt to find out Teacher’s awareness about the scheme of continuous and comprehensive evaluation, the problems they face while its execution and the suggestions that teachers want to give in making CCE effective and fruitful on ground realities. The sample of 30 secondary school teachers was drawn from selected schools of Shikaripura taluk. A self-made questionnaire comprising 30 questions were used in this study. The study has brought out the level of awareness among secondary school teachers included in this study is not up to mark, even after more than two years of implementation of continuous evaluation system. Major finding of the study reveals that teachers are not adequately prepared for the effective execution of CCE in schools. Further the study revealed that the large number of students in the classes, lack of appropriate training, inadequate infrastructure and teaching materials and increased volume of work act as barriers in smooth execution of CCE. Keywords: Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation, Awareness, Evaluation System, Secondary School Teachers 

In this paper I have analysed three short stories, ‘Toba Tek Singh’, ‘Cold Meat’, and ‘Open It’, written on Partition by an Urdu writer Saadat Hassan Manto. I have tried to argue through the short stories that violence is always not about physical violation; it is also about the wounds and injuries that one incurs in one’s psyche. This wounds and injuries remain with the victims and the state of normalcy gets fractured. Thereby, the state of being and the ability of cognition get disrupted on the part of both the victim and the perpetrator of violence. Not only the common language is lost that paves the path to a permanent silence but also the ability to comprehend meaning gets obliterated. 

Life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour, which enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Life Skills are categories in to following two major groups: (a) Affective Life Skills: affective life skills consisting of four core life skills such as: Coping with stress, Empathy, Interpersonal relationship and Coping with emotions. (B) Cognitive Life Skills: cognitive life skills consisting of six core life skills such as: Self-awareness, Critical thinking, Decision making, Effective communication, Creative thinking and Problem solving. The main objective of this investigation is to find out the level of Life Skills among undergraduate students; and also to find out whether there is any difference in Life Skills among undergraduate students based on few personal and demographic variables. Sample for this study consists of 100 UG students (both [50] male and female [50]) from government, government aided and private colleges in and around Chennai constitution. The tool used in this investigation “Life Skills Assessment Scale” was developed by the investigator (N.R. Prakash, S. Nirmala Devi, 2014). Collected data was analyzed using SPSS package. The investigator found that the level of Life Skills among undergraduate students is moderate in nature. The researcher also found that there is significant difference in their Life skills with respect to Stream of study, Medium of instruction, Place of living, whether attended any life/soft skill course and no significant difference in their Life skills with respect to Gender and Type of Management. Keywords: Life Skills, Life Skills Education, Undergraduate Students, Assessment 

This study is aimed to identify the Dyscalculia learners and to test their Mathematical Skills, Mathematics is a group related science, including algebra, geometry, and calculus; concerned with the study of number, quantity, shape, space and their interrelationships by using a specialized notation. Hence, the mathematical skills are considered for the study there are Arithmetic & Numerical Skill, Algebraic Skill, Geometrical Skill, Statistical Skill, Mathematical Linguistic Skill, and Logical Skill. The skills are assessed using Mathematical Skill questioners. Dyscalculic learners are identified using Dyscalculia Test; they may have difficulty in understanding simple number concepts, lack of an intuitive grasp of numbers, and have problems of learning number facts and procedures. For the present study 300 samples of IX standard students were collected using random sampling technique, among them 150 is found to be mathematically disabled / dyscalculia learners. The demographic variables such as Gender, Medium of Instruction and Type of School are analyzed with the research variable and arrived the major findings that there exist a significant difference between the groups and also there exist a significant relationship among the mathematical skills. Boys exhibit better Arithmetic & Numerical Skill, Statistical Skill, and Logical Skill and Girls exhibit better Geometrical Skill and Mathematical Linguistic Skill. Students who are studying in private institution are good in all mathematical skills compared to others. Dyscalculia learners are positively correlated in entire dimensions of mathematical skills. Keywords: Mathematical Skills, Dyscalculia Learners 

“Effective communication is 20% what you know and 80% how you feel about what you know.”- Jim Rohn Effective communication is an interpersonal process in which verbal symbols (e.g. words, sentences) and non verbal symbols (e.g. body postures, facial gestures) are shared and understood by people. It combines various set of skills as attentive listening, nonverbal communication, the ability to deal with stress in the present situation, and the capability to identify and understand your own emotions and those of the person you’re communicating with. Communication can be made effective by using technology which acts as a source of power to enhance the communication style. The use of technology as a communication tool has evolved over the years. Technology in communication can include email, texting, social media and many more. Thinking and feeling are required for effective communication. The goal of effective communication is to find a healthy balance between one’s intellect and emotions. 

Medicinal plants ought to have been given the status of a national resource. This is why their availability is essential to sustain one of the world’s oldest medical traditions, a priceless legacy of Indian people. Over one and a half million practitioners of the Indian Systems of Medicine, in the oral and codified streams, use medicinal plants in preventive, promotive and curative applications. While the demand for medicinal plants is on increase, their survival in their natural habitats is under growing threat. One strategy for maintaining balance between demand and supply is commercial propagation of the plant in addition to its rational and judicious use. The manures and fertilizers have profound effect on plants growth. Fertilizers are mainly inorganic and commonly synthetic material, which are rich in one or more of the essential plant nutrients. Visualizing the importance of R. serpentine, the proposed research work deals with the study of effect on the application of various combinations of FYM, N,P and K on its growth Similar trends in the growth of shoot height and collar diameter were observed in different treatments in first and second year of plant growth. However, maximum gain in height was found in the plants of the treatment NP. Maximum gain in collar diameter was recorded in the treatment P. Keywords: Rauvolfia serpentine; Fertilizers; Plant Growth; Medicinal plants. 

The study investigated the effect of one year face-to-face B.Ed. programme on the teaching competency of the teacher interns in relation to type of institutions, academic streams and university system. The sample constituted of 1256 teacher interns belonging to science and humanities streams drawn from fifteen education Colleges from two universities i.e. Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar and Panjab University Chandigarh were selected from government-aided and self-financed. The effect of execution of B.Ed. programme on the teaching competency of the teacher interns was studied with the help of a pre-test, post-test experimental design with 2×2×2 factorial design taking gain scores of the teaching competency as dependent variable. The results revealed that teacher interns of self-financed institution exhibited significantly higher gain in the teaching competency than their counterparts in government-aided institutions. Teacher interns studied in Panjab University Chandigarh exhibited significantly higher gain in teaching competency than their counterparts Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar as an outcome of B.Ed. programme. Whereas teacher interns following different academic streams were did not differ gain significantly in their teaching competency. The interaction effects between institution types and academic streams, between academic streams and university system on the gain scores of teaching competency were reported significant. But the interaction effect between university system and institution types was not reported significant. Keywords: Teacher Education, Teacher Interns, Teaching Competency. 

Child labour is a Universal phenomena and it is a by-product of socio-economic structure of the society. Child labour can be classified as hazardous and non-hazardous labour. Many poor parents bear children in order to enhance family income and poverty forces child to drop out of school and find employment in order to supplement their family income. Non-schooling of children has intimately connected with exploitation of child labour which is the consequence of social inequality, attitude of the privileged classes and lack of public involvement in the protection of basic entitlement. Lack of parental motivation and high opportunity cost of schooling also contribute to aggravation of the problems of child labour. The empirical research on child labour shows that, the child labour has been increasing in urban areas from the last two decades. Pune is not the exceptional urban area in increasing child labour in organized and unorganized sectors. The pune city is fastest growing city in India, especially in education, industries and hotel establishments. There are large numbers of hotels and restaurants being operated in the city Pune, all these hotel were classified in large size, medium size and small size hotels. ‘A’ grade, ‘B’ grade ‘C’ grade hotels. Child labourers are mostly working in ‘B’ grade (Medium size) ‘C’ grade (Small size) hotels of Pune city. The analysis in this section are mainly based on the data obtained from 300 child labour workers, which is 5% of the total child labour population of 6000 in Pune city. The present research study is an attempt to examine and describe the conditions of educational status and reasons of school dropout, which is being the problem of the child labourers engaged in urban hotels of Pune city. And the findings also analyzed the poor economic conditions, poor performance in school, less interest of parents, less interest of education, lack of school facilities, broken family, orphanage & migration of parents. 

Internationally professional development for teachers in information and communication technology (ICT) is currently a major priority. This paper reveals why information communication technology is necessary for teachers. Paper includes causes and solution of information communication technology and different professional development approaches. Keyword: Information and communication technology, professional development, approaches 

The present paper attempts to examine the growth pattern of education sector and the level of inter-district disparities in the education sector in the State of Haryana using various indicators namely literacy rate, number of institutions, enrolment of students, and number of teachers etc. A compound annual growth rate is used to assess the growth of education in Haryana and an aggregate composite index has been constructed to assess the degree of disparity across State. On the basis of the composite index, the study confirms the presence of disparities across districts: few districts- Ambala, Panchkula, Gurgaon and Rewari have turned out to be the best performers while some districts like Sirsa, Fatehabad, Jind, Mewat and Palwal have been identified to lag behind in the spread of educational facilities/performance. Hence, the policy makers need to take care of inter-district disparities while preparing policy on education. Keywords: Education, inter-district disparities, Compound annual growth rate, Composite Index 

The study judges the trade trend between India and China which have registered solid economic growth since 1980 and opening up to international trade and capital. The Primary objectives are analyse the Indo-China trade trends since 1991 to 2015 and explore the potential for future trade and project the trade estimates for 5 years between the two nations (2015-16 to 2019-20). The paper is created mainly on secondary data sources. Data and information from secondary sources were composed by consulting various relevant journals, export statistics published by Export Promotion Bureau and Export and Import Bank, Economic review, periodical of WTO and Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India. The findings indicate that trade is a magical bullet which can play a pivotal role in improving the bilateral relationship with the other economies of the World. This is proved with the impressive growth of India and China in the last few years. This paper is an attempt to report the Indo-China bilateral trade relations (past as well as projected) with the aid of Trend Analysis. Keywords: India, China, Trade, Import and Export. 

Teachers’ participation in school administration is a vital component. Beside their general duty of classroom teaching, they have to perform many other duties to support the administrative process of school. These duties have changed with the passage of time, place and type of school management. The successful working of school depends upon the administration for which there should be a suitable environment for teachers’ participation in it. This paper explores the differences in five possible school administrative areas for teachers\' participation in relation to the type of school they are teaching (govt.and private) and their stream of teaching (science and arts). The study was designed on descriptive survey research, targeting the population of all trained graduate teachers in govt. and private secondary schools of Himachal Pradesh. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 secondary school trained graduate teachers from Kullu district of the H.P. state. Teacher’s Participation in School Administration Scale developed by Taj, Haseen (2000) was used in this study. The study revealed that trained graduate teachers from government and private school differ significantly on planning, communicating, controlling, evaluation areas and overall participation in school administration but do not differ on organising componentof the school administration. Trained graduate teachers working in government schools were higher on planning, communicating, controlling, evaluation and overall participation in school administration than their counterparts’ trained graduate teachers(T.G.Ts) working in private schools. There exists no significant difference in mean scores of science and arts trained graduate teachers on planning, organizing, communicating, controlling, evaluation and overall areas of teachers’ participation in school administration. The study recommends teacher empowerment in their participation in school administration. Keywords: teacher participation, planning, organising, communicating, controlling and evaluation 

In the present study an attempt has been made to find out the relationship between emotional intelligence (4dimensions i.e. ability to express and appraise emotions, utilize emotions, manage emotions in self and in others.) and teaching aptitude of school teachers. In addition to this the emotional intelligence of male and female private and government school teachers were also compared. The sample comprised of 200 subjects (50 male + 50 female private school teachers and 50 male + 50 female government school teachers) of District Bhiwani Emotional intelligence scale developed and standardized by Pandey and Anand was used to measure the emotional intelligence. Teaching aptitude test battery constructed and standardized by R.P. Singh was used. Results indicate that three dimensions of E.I. (i.e. ability to express feeling, ability to utilize emotions and ability to utilize emotions in self) shows significant difference among private and government school teachers. There exists significant difference between teaching aptitude of private and government school teachers. Three exists positive correlation between emotional intelligence and teaching aptitude school teachers. Keywords: Emotional intelligence, teaching aptitude, school teachers