An Internationl Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Mar - Apr, 2020, Vol-7/58

Impact Factor: 6.380

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2020-05-01

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TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

Purshotam

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13678 - 13681

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In every economy, development is initiated by the practical application of scientific knowledge and such is best achieved by the basic knowledge from vocational technical educational skills which advances the economy. This paper examine and emphasis the importance of vocational technical education in Nigeria, its past, present and future. The reason for the missing of the technological development track that lead to the nation being a consumer nation rather than a productive nation that resulted to the nation importing most of the simple goods they consume ranging from tooth picks to machines, failure to develop vocational technical education has brought about bad economy, poverty, unemployment,  and  mass  exodus  of  the  youths  to  foreign  lands  for  greener  pasture, whereas other nations followed their technological development tracks that resulted to their greatness. Vocational technical education (VTE) is the type of  education that  prepares people   to work in various jobs, such as trade, craft or technician. Vocational technical education is sometimes referred to as career education   or technical   education .   A vocational  school is  an educational  institution specially  designed to  provide  vocational education. Vocational  education  can  take place  at  the post-secondary, higher education level and can be through interaction with the apprenticeship system. At the post  secondary level,   vocational   education   is  often  provided  by  highly  specialized  trade,  technical schools, community colleges, colleges of further education such as universities, Institutes of Technology/ Polytechnic Institutes until recently, almost all vocational education took place in the classroom, or on the job site,  with students learning trade skills  and trade  theory from accredited professors or established  professionals in the industry

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UNESCO, (2017); “Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)” (http.p//www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/education-building blocks/technical-vocational-education-and-training-tvet).www.unesco.org.Retrived on 1st April, 2017. Wikipedia-(2018); https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vocational education. assessedon 2/16/2018. "Vocational Training in India - A skill Based Education". Vocational Training Center. 2018-05- Retrieved 2018-06-29

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EFFICACY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE 12 STEPS IN LONG TERM RECOVERY

Sameer Patil

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13682 - 13692

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 Drug addiction is assuming alarming proportions and has become a worldwide phenomenon, spreading across nations. However, it is varying in magnitude and characteristics in the different areas and spectrums of society. It has grown as a raging epidemic, that has shaken the entire fabric of society, India being no exception. Every day there is an increasing number of people initiated into drugs, being addicted and getting caught in the vicious cycle of life and death. Addiction, not just affects the individual, but causes problems in terms of social disorder, increased expenditure, and transmission of infectious diseases, leading to disturbances in the socio cultural and political fabric of society. While there are different models of treatments available across the world, as well as in India, one model that stands out is the 12 step recovery model. Studies have shown that 12 step groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) among others have proved to be an effective and cost efficient approach to tackle this ever growing menace of addiction in our society. Across the globe, there are numerous addiction treatment facilities that recognise the 12 step recovery model as evidence based treatment. The therapeutic approach as, against othertherapies seems to work better, as it helps the individual to cope with life on a daily basis. However, there seems to be a missing element, either in treatment or post discharge, considering the low success rates for individuals with substantial long term recovery. There being no set standard in measuring recovery, according to the Betty Ford Foundation, in the U.S, “Recovery is achieving complete abstinence as well as wellbeing”. It is precisely in this context that the 12 Step recovery model assumes significance. This study has in no way received endorsement from Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous or any other 12 step fellowship. This study has been solely done for research purposes, to educate service givers and organisations working in addiction treatment, about the significance of the12 step model in long term recovery for addicts, and to help them to facilitate their clients active participation in AA and NA or other 12 step support fellowships.In this analysis thefocus is on the significance of the 12 step model of recovery and its significant psycho-social and spiritual benefits along with theadvantages in lifelong recovery. There will also be a discussion on perspectives and success rates with the information derived through AA and NA literature, websites as well as from other research materials and journals. The study will conclude with a summary on understanding the scope and scale, and recommendations on implementing the right strategies to achieve the desired results.

Keywords: Addiction, 12 Steps, Recovery, Abstinent, Society, Disease, Fellowship, Sponsor, Meetings, Support, Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Psycho Social.

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Narcotics Anonymous World Services, Inc:2018: Survey Reporthttp://www.na.org Alcoholics Anonymous (2001). 4th Edition, New York; AA World Services The History and Culture of Narcotics Anonymous; William White, Chris Budnick and Boyd Pickard, 2016.:www.williamwhitepapers.com American Addiction centres: Alcoholics Anonymous Statistics: Americanaddictioncenters.org › rehab guide › 12 step What Science Tells Us About Treatment Of Addiction: www.psychologytoday.com › blog › inside-out-outside-in › what-science-tells-us-about-addiction

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A SURVEY-BASED STUDY ON PROBLEMATIC SMARTPHONE USE IN YOUTH TODAY

Anagha Suresh, Anjana P J, Arathi Arun, Arya Roni, Arya T V, Krishna P

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13693 - 13702

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 The mobile phone is one of the best inventions of the 20th century. However, today people, especially kids, are getting addicted to using the mobile phone. They can\'t keep their eyes off from their phones, even for a moment. Perhaps, due to the advantages of mobile phones, the majority often ignore the adverse effects. The smartphones of today have numerous features that the owners of them can hardly seem to place them down just for a second. These smartphones not only offer the same features that a personal computer would, but they also provide a high level of entertainment. Even with all the capabilities that smartphones offer they still require a good level of understanding and responsibility. On surveying addictions in general, we found that over 50% were addicted to smartphones, followed by caffeine. This paper aims to assist others in understanding the direction of smartphone technology, the ways smartphone technology changes society, ways to manage this addiction, and how smartphones could potentially create hazardous situations.
Keywords: nomophobia, addiction disorder, cell phone addiction
 
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A CASE STUDY ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION STRATEGIES IN IT INDUSTRY

Divyaraj Parkar

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13703 - 13708

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 Organizations acknowledge the reality "employees are most vital resource" this is permissible confining of good arrangements and execution of those so representatives have great workplace, the achievement mantra of organizations are cooperation, common regard, respectability and pride of workforce the present aggressive world requires exceptionally energetic workforce with high in require accomplishment. One of the key components which draw in and hold performing representatives is inspirational state of mind and development openings gave to them absence of good workplace and development openings prompts high turnover. The association should plan strategies and plans for worker maintenance and make excellent inside culture to draw in and hold gifted representatives. The present case has made an attempt to study the retention strategies adopted by TCS, HCL, Wipro, and Infosys to retain their employee, to meet this objective secondary sources which include books, journals, articles and newspapers, websites were referred.
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https://www.managementstudyguide.com https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in Retrieved from www.ukessays.com Retrieved from www.saba.com

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CHATRAADHYAPAKO ME SATAT VIKAS KE LIYE SHIKSHA SAMBANDHI JAGRUKTA KA ADHAYAN

Mamta Aswal & Pankaj Pant

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13709 - 13717

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POLITICS OF CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT UNDER ARTICLE 368

Ashish Kumar Singh

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13718 - 13737

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 The framers of the Indian constitution were keen to avoid excessive rigidity from the constitution, that this constitution should evolve with time and the rigidity of the federal government for amending any provision that is the basic feature of the federal nation should not stop the functioning of a growing nation that it led to a barrier for our growing nation that is why they made this sacred Constitution a Dynamic in nature. And for this reason, they added a separate part in the constitution for amending the constitution itself in Article 368 and Part XX. The true nature for this amending provision is for the purpose that the needed portion can be amended easily and the provisions that need more interest of the nation will be amended by rigid process i.e. by the Special Majority plus ratification by half of the state. But the framers were not aware that time that the political expert will find a way from it also. They were not aware of the present political environment. This research paper tells about the necessity of Article 368, the politics did by political parties in even fundamental rights, tried to establish autocracy in the country, and even also threaten judiciary indirectly by amending articles or by encroaching in their system by appointing judges. The research paper talks about the four phases of judicial development that is Shankari Prasad Case (1951) to Golaknath Case (1967), Golaknath Case (1967) to Kehvananda Bharti Case (1973). Keshavananda Bharti Case to Election Case (1975), and Election Case to Minerva Mills Case (1980). This paper tries to highlight the politics done by the government in power from the time of Independence to the Present. And have suggested some of the ways by which amendment can be saved.
Keywords: Amendment, Constitutionality, Provisions, Political Parties.
 
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CHILD SURVIVAL THROUGH INTERVENTION OF ACCREDITED SOCIAL HEALTH ACTIVIST (ASHA) IN ALIGARH DISTRICT

Mohd Naseem Khan

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13738 - 13746

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 Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) was introduced by the government of India, under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in 2005 to render health care services to rural population with major focus on vulnerable groups i.e. women and children. In India, poor accessibility health care services for children resulted with high child mortality, and Uttar Pradesh, stands below than national average. The ASHAs endeavour for the survival of every child through rendering care services in every village. The efforts of the ASHAs for child survival in Aligarh are reflected in the several studies by DLHS, NFHS, and AHS. District Level Household Survey-3 (DLHS, 2007-08) reported that Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and Child Deaths Under- 5 years were 85 and 73 respectively. Subsequently, DLHS- 4 (2013-14), reported some improvement in which IMR came down 72 and Child Mortality Under- 5 were reduced by 65. Immunization indicators also improved as full immunization of children in Aligarh District was of 30.4 percent in 2011 which improved to 56.62 in 2015 (Annual Health Survey, 2013). National Family Health Survey (NFHS- 4, 2015- 16) also supports some improvement in child health indicators in Aligarh. This study is based on data by secondary sources from studies, surveys, reports, and modules etc. The current study attempts to highlight intervention of the ASHAs at grass root level for ensuring child survival.
Key Words: ASHA, NRHM, Child Survival, IMR, Child Mortality, Immunization  
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Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2013). A Strategic Approach to Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) in India: For Healthy Mother and Child. National Rural Health Mission. pp. 1-5 Census of India Website: SRS Statistical Report 2013. (2019). Retrieved from http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/SRS_Reports_2013.html WHO, U. (1978). Primary health care: report on the International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma Ata, USSR. WHO: Geneva.

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ROLE OF MISSIONARIES IN SOCIAL CHANGE OF ODISHA

Raghumani Naik

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13747 - 13756

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 Odisha, popularly known as the sacred land of Lord Jagannath, is a land of 
resplendent glory and rich cultural heritage. In spite of such glorious history, there were 
number of evil systems spreading the firmament of this sacrosanct land. These were 
illiteracy, idolatry, superstition, self - immolation under the Chariot of Lord Jagannath in Puri, 
rigid caste system, untouchability, sati system, meriah sacrifice and infanticide etc. However 
with the advent of the missionaries in this land, there was a tremendous transformation in 
the social sphere particularly in the tribal society of Odisha. They constantly persuaded and 
pressurized the Government to abolish such evil systems from the society and later on it was 
legalized. The missionaries were also the pioneer of female education and the first people to 
come in close contact with the tribal communities who were isolated from the mainstream 
since time immemorial. As a result of this social mobilization took place and a favourable 
ambience was created. It helped in the regeneration and renovation of traditional society 
into a pragmatic one. So, the prime objectives of the research work are to highlight the role of missionaries in renovate, revitalize, reform and rationalize the Odisha society. How cloud they take bold step to rejuvenate the conservative and age old society is the subject matter of the study. The scholar both adopted descriptive and analytical methods  and  library documentation to write this article. The missionaries were the pioneer of education, eradicator of social evils, and protestor of caste prejudice. 
Keywords: Illiteracy, caste system, meriah sacrifice, sati system, infanticide 
 
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Orissa Reference Annual, 2009, p.35 Kaye, J.W. ‘Christianity in India’ p.367 East India Missionaries - East India Idolatry (February 1858), p.23 Watson, Francis. ‘A Concise History of India’p.137 Sutton, A. (1833). ‘Narrative of the rise and progress of Mission at Orissa’ p.328 Hunter, W.W.(1872) ‘ Orissa’ London, Vol. II p.141 Peggs, James. (1846) ‘History of General Baptist Mission’ London pp.297-302 Ibid p.249

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AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE PRACTICES OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AMONG DIFFRERNT AGE GROUPS

Malavika Menon, Meera B. Nair, Meera K. Manikandan, Nandini N .V., Nanditha Satish, Reshma S. R. & Sruthi Sreekumar

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13757 - 13762

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 The project titled “An Analytical Study On The Practices Of Menstrual Hygiene Among Different Age Groups” throws light upon the Menstrual practices carried out by women of age group eighteen to twenty-five and twenty-six to forty five. It aims on finding out the hygienic routine during their monthly periods. As a woman is usually compared to Mother Nature the scope of the study is also extended into finding out a sustainable routine that is also nature friendly. Menstrual hygiene is a symbol of healthy lifestyle and it should be taught to girls who attain puberty. In India due to socio-cultural and economic condition many rural and even urban girls are not aware of these practices. Due to many stigmas, to understand how girls do keep menstrual health is a real challenge to the researchers. Using a survey questionnaire, the investigators will collect data from fifty women in age group of eighteen-forty-five after getting their informal consent. The data will be coded into statistical software for statistics. There will be a significant difference in the menstrual practices among the different age groups. Results of the study will definitely have counselling and social implication and it will help health professionals and researchers to further applications.
Key Words: Menstrual hygiene, Counsellors, health practices, students, survey
 
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World Health Organization, “Programming for adolescent health and development”, WHO Technical Report Series No. 886, vol. 2, World Health Organization, 1996. View at: Google Scholar. Jagruti Prajapati, Riddhi Patel, “Menstrual Hygiene Among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Community of Gandhinagar”, The Journal of Medical Research, 2015; 1(4):122-125. Baishakhi Paria, Agnihotri Bhattacharyya, Sukes Das, “A Comparative study On Menstrual Hygiene Among Urban and Rural Adolescent Girls of West Bengal”, Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2014 Oct-Dec; 3(4):413-417.

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TSS, TDS AND TS OF EFFLUENTS FROM POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AND CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE BLEACHING

Chukwudebelu, J.A. & Agunwamba, J.C.

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13763 - 13773

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 The use of different raw materials and chemicals by pulp and paper industries during pulp and paper production has contributed immensely to the pollution load on the environment. This research used TCF (KOH) and Hypochlorite (CaCIO)2 to bleach pulped agricultural residue (kenaf stem) to determine one with better environmental parameters. The dewatered kenaf was pulped with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide and formic acid at different time intervals. At the end, the pulp from each cooking was bleached with 20%, 60% and 90% concentrations of potassium hydroxide and calcium hypochlorite and the bleaching time were varied from 1hr, 2 hrs and 3 hrs at room temperature and TSS, TDS and TS of the bleaching effluents were compare for environmental quality. From physical pulp quality, 60% concentration and 2 hrs bleaching was selected and  the effluent from that gave TSS 507.5 mg/L, TDS 2341.5 mg/l and TS 2849 mg/L for KOH and TSS 4492.5 mg/L, TDS 3707.5 mg/L and  TS 8200 mg/L for Ca(CIO)2. This result showed that the effluent from KOH bleaching has lower pollution load.
Keywords: Total dissolved solid, Calcium hypochlorite, Bleaching, Kenaf pulp, Environmental quality.
 
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Akan, J. (2008). Physicochemical determination of pollutants in waste water and vegetable samples along the Jakara waste water channel in Kano Metropolis. European Journal Scientific Research. pp 122-23. Bahar, K.; Zeynep, C. and Etecioglu, O. (2015). Pollution prevention in the pulp and paper industries. Institute of Environmental Science and Environmental Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey. Chandra, R.; Tripathi, S. and Sharma, P. (2020). Environmental Impacts of Pulp Paper Mill Effluent: Potential Source of Chromosomal Aberration and Phytotoxicity. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences ISSN 0973-6077 15(2) 77-92.

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VYAVSAIK PATHYAKRAMO MAIN PRAVESH HETU COACHING LENE WALE KISHOR VIDHYARTHIYO KI JEEWANSHAILI KO PRABHAVIT KARNE WALE KARAKO KA ADHAYAYAN

Moolchand Meena & Prof. Saroj Garg

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13774 - 13785

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 The present study was carried out to analyze A Study of Lifestyle, depression and Adjustment of Students Preparing for professional courses through Coaching. This survey includes Total 1200 students of Kota city. Sample was randomaly selected for this study. The result indicates that also more factors affected by family, social, trade seeking, health, career and acadmic of Students lifestyle.
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www.lifestyle.com www. hodhaganga.com www.indian desrtation.com www.raj.partika.com

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SRUJANSHILL UPKRAMATUN VIDHYARTHYAMADHIL SRUMPRATISHTHA MULYACHA VIKAS

Moon Vaishali Dinesh & Mohan Kamble

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13786 - 13791

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EYATTA NAVVITIL VIDHYARTHYANCHI ANTERJALABABAT JANIV ANNI TYACHYA VAPARACHA TULNATMAK ABHYAS

Rahul Kamble

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13792 - 13805

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Buch, M. B. (1992). Fifth Survey of Research in Education. Vol. 2. Baroda : M. S. University Best , J. & Kahn, J. W. (2003). Research in Education. BostanÊMAÁ A Pearson Education Company Garrett, H. E. (1985). Statistics in Psychology and Education(11th Ed.). Vakil, Feffer and Simsons Ltd.

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VARTMAN STITHIMADHE ADHYAPANABABAT SHIKSHNACHI BHUMIKA V JABABDARI

Anuprita Deshmukh

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13709 - 13715

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AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTORY OF OPEN ACCESS BOOKS

Mrs. Manisha S. Tandale

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13716 - 13723

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 This paper is the bibliometric study of Directory of Open Access Books. DOAB has 29699 books from various publishers. Objective behind this study is the analysis of DOAB by various parameters such as distribution of e-books by various languages, year of publication and addition done in the directory, ISBN and title wise distribution. It will highlight all the features of DOAB in brief. Users will be able to understand the e-books collection in the directory by various parameters analysed.
Keyword: DOAB, E-Books, Open Access, Bibliometric.  
 
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Thangiah, R. & K., Murugan. (2015). A Bibliometric Study on Research and Reflections on Education. Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science. 4. 228 – 232 Kirtania, D. K. (2018). Bibliometric Study of Indian Open Access Social Science Literature. (2018). Library Philosophy and Practice. Thavamani, K. (2013). Directory of Open Access Journals: A Bibliometric Study of Library and Information Science. Collaborative Librarianship, 5 (4), 246-255 Directory of Open Access Books. (2020, October 5). Retrieved from https://www.doabooks.org/

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ICT IN EDUCATION: HERALD OF A NEW WAVE

Shahina Intekhab

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13724 - 13737

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 The world is moving around the utilization of ICT in every sphere of life and it has increasingly become an essential element of the educational environment. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) are important tools for bringing education throughout the world. ICT plays a very important role throughout the world in every phase of human activity. It has been an essential requirement in educational institutions for learning and teaching in the present day of the digital environment. This emerging technology not only has a key role in education and training but has also enhanced the scope for sharing knowledge all over the globe. ICT has given education a whole new meaning as this evolving technology has already challenged stereotyped and conventional ways of the educational system. The learners are using, accessing, capturing video lectures, digital notes via electronic gadgets and researchers, teachers uploading their articles, videos, class lectures through ICT tools and techniques. ICT can also make available powerful support for educational innovations. All over the world, there is a tendency to use ICT in teaching-learning practice. When used properly, several ICTs are said to help increase access to education, make stronger the application of education to the increasingly digital workplace, nurture educational quality, helping make teaching and learning into an attractive and dynamic process linked to real life. In this digital age, the use of ICT in the classroom is very important for giving opportunities to students to learn and apply the required 21st century skills. ICT improves teaching and learning and its importance for teachers in performing their role as creators of pedagogical environments. ICT helps a teacher to present his teaching attractively and able to learn for the learners at any level of educational programs. 
Keywords: ICT, Education, Teaching, Learning, Pedagogy, Environment and Tools.
 
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Alexander, J. O. (1999). Collaborative Design, Constructivist Learning, Information Technology Immersion, & Electronic Communities: A Case Study. Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century. Babu, G Suresh., & MA, K Sridevi. (2018, May). Role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Higher Education: A Study. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, 3(3), 103-109. Bransford, J. (Ed.). (1999). How People Learn; Brain, Mind, Experience and School. Washington, DC: National Research Council. Desai, Swati. (2010, February 25 – 26). Role of Information Communication Technologies in Education. Proceedings of the 4th National Conference; INDIA Com-2010. Computing for Nation Development, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi, India. Desh, Manoj Kumar (2007). Integration of ICT in Teaching Learning: A Challenge. EDU TRACKS, 6(12). Dhanwani, Supriya. (2013, February). Role of ICT in Education. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies. Special Issue-ACOE. enGauge 21st Century Skills: Literacy in the Digital Age. North Central Regional Educational Laboratory and the Metiri Group. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234731444 Haddad, Wadi D., & Jurich, Sonia. (2002). ICT for Education: Potential and Potency. In Haddad, W. & Drexler, A. (Ed.). Technologies for Education: Potentials, Parameters, and Prospects. Washington DC: Academy for Educational Development and Paris: UNESCO, 34-37. Kumar, Jitender., & Pasricha, Arti. (2014, Feb.). ICT in Education: Enhancing Teaching and Learning. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, II(X), 935-946. Kaur, Navdeep. (2015, March 14-15). Using ICT in Empowering Teachers for Quality Education. International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), EATHD-2015, Conference Proceeding, 8-12. Lim, C. P., & Chai, C. S. (2004). An activity-theoretical approach to research of ICT integration in Singapore schools: Orienting activities and learner autonomy. Computers and Education, 43 (3), 215-236.

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TRANCE GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

Devananda R. & GD Narayana

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13738 - 13746

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 Trance gender people are individuals whose gender identities do not pertain to their biological sex they differ from stereotypes of how men and women normally are, thus trance gender people encompass those people who identities and behavior do not adhere to the stereotypical gender norms. Generally male, female and trance gender are in exist across the world, whereas male and female gender are socially and economically well recognized in the society, but unfortunately except the trance gender. The discrimination of trance gender by the society is differing from society to society. 
In India trance gender people who do not belongs to any of the groups but are trance gender individually, they constitute marginalized sections of the society in India. Those trance gender people were excommunicated as earlier in their age from their family and normal social life, and also restricted in education, health service, political sectors etc. in this background this study have objectives to understanding the problems and socio-economic discrimination of trance gender. And we have hypothesis that these discriminations are hindering factors in their development in the society
Keywords: Trance gender, problems, discrimination, development 




 
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MazumdarAjay Basu Niloy, 1997, BharatarHijrahSamaj- Dip Prokashon, Kolkatta.West Bengal. Reddy Ncwayana KS , 2002, The Essentials Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology: Narayan Gudu, Hydrabad 7 .

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CONCEPT AND MEANING OF TOURISM IN THE PRESENT SCENARIO

D. S. Saklani

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13747 - 13751

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O. Dris II and Ernest “The Concept of Pleasure and Travel” 1981, p-33. Hunziker K. and Kraft R.H. “Tourism Principles and Practices,” 1942, p-63. Herman V. Schullard, “Tourism an Economic Nature” 1910, p-23. Ibid . p. 77. L. J. Lickorish “The Study of Tourism in Britain- A Geographical Perspective”, Vol. IV, 1984, ” p- 313. A. J. Burkart and S. Medlik “Tourism Past and Future”, 1974 and 1981, p-212 Mathieson and Wall “The Socio- Cultural Impacts of Tourism” 1982, p-1. Jafari J. “Partnership in Tourism Resource Management” 2000, p-55. Lundberg Donald E. “The Tourist Business”, 1980, p-31

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INTEGRATION OF ICT WITH TEACHER EDUCATION

Chandrakala

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13752 - 13758

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a clear impact on the development of educational curricula. Those teachers mainly focus on the development of technical ICT skills, on the integrated use of ICT within the learning and teaching process. The Teachers and learners are enthusiastically adopting this powerful tool, ideally suited to supporting interactive whole class teaching, where learners test their developing understanding against corporate meaning that introducing new technologies reconfigures existing practice but must be grounded in understanding of its structure. ICT is affects all aspects of life, the socio-cultural, the political and the economic. However, ICT it is a new and powerful method for mediating teaching-learning and hence needs to be integrated into different subjects. To integrate, the steps of accessing, reviewing, creating and sharing resources are to be structured into formal curricular experiences.
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Collis, B. and Jung, I.S. (2003). Uses of ICT in Teacher Education. In B. Robinson &C. Latchem (Eds.), Teacher education through open and distance learning. London: Routledge Falmer. pp.171-192. Gateway, D.R. (n.d). Defining ICT in Education. Retrieved on September 1, 2014, from:http://www.rwandagateway.org/ICT4E/spip.php?rubrique6 White, K. G. (2010). Beyond the Horseless Carriage: Harnessing the Potential of ICT in Education and Training. Retrieved on September 2, 2014, from: http://works.bepress.com/gerry_white/11/ Google Website https://www.educationcorner.com › cell-phones-learning-

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SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES: PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITY

Mrs. Jaishree Kirankumar Kavathekar

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13759 - 13764

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Rural Industries Program - B. Sudhakar Rao, R. Murugesan. Ethical entrepreneurship challenges and rewards – Khan S.S. Journal on Rural Development. Web – sites.

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STUDY OF READING HABITS OF B.ED. STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN

Charudatta Achyut Gandhe

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13765 - 13771

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Whole world was stopped due to COVID-19 Pandemic in April-May 2020. Students were not attending colleges, many of them started various ventures they never or less often did before. One of this is reading. As a B.Ed. student, they were reading since their schooling. Many B.Ed. students read text books or material relation to their education. Besides educational reading, now they got time and opportunity to read other literature also. So, an obvious question came in mind that, whether B.Ed. students started reading newly in lockdown? An online survey B.Ed students was conducted. After analysing the data, it was concluded that there was not any significant change in reading habit of B.Ed. students in COVID-19 Lockdown. More than half of the B.Ed. students themselves agreed that they missed an opportunity to read more in the COVID-19 Lockdown.
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Hirchberg Shim (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on reading. BookNet Canada. Available at https://www.booknetcanada.ca/blog/2020/4/15/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-reading. Ketchel, Misha (2020). How reading habits have changed during the COVID-19 lockdown. The Conversation, available at https://theconversation.com/how-reading-habits-have-changed-during-the-covid-19-lockdown-146894. Parikh, Vyas and Parikh (2020). A Survey of Reading habits of Library users during COVID-19 Lockdown. Library Philosophy and Practice(e journal).4216. http://digitalcommons.uhl.edu/libphilprac/4216. Salmerón, Ladislao et.al (2020). READ-COGvid: A Database From Reading and Media Habits During COVID-19 Confinement in Spain and Italy. Front. Psychol,available at https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575241/full

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PATTERN FORMATION IN LIQUID CRYSTALS: A THEORETICAL STUDY

Surendra Singh

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13772 - 13783

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Liquid crystals are such a state of matter which has properties between those of conventional liquids and people of solid crystals. For example, a liquid may flow sort of a liquid, but its molecules could also be oriented in an exceedingly crystal-like way. Liquid crystals are composites of organic, rod-shaped molecules that align in parallel, and therefore the common types utilized in electronic displays are nematic, cholesteric and smectic. Liquid crystals are classified in many ways, molecules within the mesophases (mesogens) may be calamitic (rod-like), discotic (disc-like), amphiphilic, nonamphiphilic, metal containing, non-metal containing and low relative molecular mass or polymeric. Liquid crystals either show thermotropic behaviour or lyotropic behaviour. Liquid crystal phases are generally cloudy in appearance, which suggests that they scatter light in much the identical way as colloids like milk. This light scattering could be a consequence of fluctuating regions of non-uniformity as small groups of molecules form and disperse. Most liquid compounds exhibit polymorphism, or a condition where over one phase is observed within the liquid crystalline state. The term mesophase is employed to explain the "subphases" of liquid materials. Mesophases are formed by changing the quantity of order within the sample, either by imposing order in barely one or two dimensions, or by allowing the molecules to own a degree of translational motion. Anisotropy of liquid crystals could be a property not observed in other fluids. This anisotropy makes flows of liquid crystals behave more differentially than those of ordinary fluids. For instance, injection of a flux of a liquid between two close parallel plates (viscous fingering) causes orientation of the molecules to couple with the flow, with the resulting emergence of dendritic patterns. This anisotropy is additionally manifested within the interfacial energy (surface tension) between different liquid phases. This anisotropy determines the equilibrium shape at the coexistence temperature, and is so strong that typically facets appear. When temperature is modified; one phases grows, forming different morphologies betting on the activity. Since growth is controlled by heat diffusion, anisotropy in thermal conductivity favors growth in specific directions, which has also a bearing on the ultimate shape. Keywords: Pattern formation, Liquid Crystals, Theoretical Study, Models, Oscillatory chemical kinetics, Autocatalytic reactions, Order parameter
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Gupta, Ankur; Chakraborty, Saikat (January 2009). "Linear stability analysis of high- and low-dimensional models for describing mixing-limited pattern formation in homogeneous autocatalytic reactors". Chemical Engineering Journal. 145 (3): 399–411. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.08.025. ISSN 1385-8947. • Prigogine, I.; Nicolis, G. (1985), Hazewinkel, M.; Jurkovich, R.; Paelinck, J. H. P. (eds.), "Self-Organisation in Nonequilibrium Systems: Towards A Dynamics of Complexity", Bifurcation Analysis: Principles, Applications and Synthesis, Springer Netherlands, pp. 3–12, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6239-2_1, ISBN 9789400962392 Gupta, Ankur; Chakraborty, Saikat (2008-01-19). "Dynamic Simulation of Mixing-Limited Pattern Formation in Homogeneous Autocatalytic Reactions". Chemical Product and Process Modeling. 3 (2). doi:10.2202/1934-2659.1135. ISSN 1934-2659. S2CID 95837792. Marwaha, Bharat; Sundarram, Sandhya; Luss, Dan (September 2004). "Dynamics of Transversal Hot Zones in Shallow Packed-Bed Reactors†". The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 108 (38): 14470–14476. doi:10.1021/jp049803p. ISSN 1520-6106.

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PROJECTION OF MOTHER IN MEDIA: A STUDY OF INDIAN CINEMA

Vasiraju Rajyalakshmi

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13784 - 13791

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This paper seeks to highlight and analyse the skewed portrayal of mothers in Indian cinema through their stereotypical characterization and the evolution in their projection over time. The mother figure holds a central position in traditional Indian culture and consciousness. From epics to movies, the Indian mother has been bearing the burden of society’s expectations of ‘motherhood’. Since the most significant aspect of a woman’s life is reproduction, motherhood has been fundamental to the genesis of every ideology related to women. Her identity as a nurturing, son-bearing, procreative power has been invested with sacredness; while her identity as a woman has been effaced and erased: ‘glorification without empowerment’ . This has led to an accretion of stereotypes of the ‘ideal mother’ in the filmic discourse of the twentieth century: how mothers should be sacrificing, nurturing, altruistic and silent. In this paper, we will try to look into the evolution of the mother in Indian cinema and how despite the evolution, there is a long way to go. Keywords: empowerment, media, identity, stereotype, other, motherhood, identity
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Krishnaraj, M. (ed.). Motherhood in India: Glorification without Empowerment? New Delhi: Routledge, 2010. Gokulsing, K. M. & W. Dissanayake. Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change. Staffordshire: Trentham Books Limited, 2004. Sarkar, Sucharita, accessed from www.academia.edu.in Butalia, Urvashi. Women in Indian Cinema, Sage Journals:1984 Smith, Brian and Doniger,Wendy. The laws of Manu. Penguin: 1991

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BROKPA JANAJATI: SAMAJIK EANV SANSKUTIK PARIDRUSHYA (LADAKH KSHETRA KE SANDARBH ME)

Kavita Kannojia

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13784 - 13788

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CORONA YODHYANCHE YOGADAN

Rajendra Mahadu Acharya

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13789 - 13793

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Government of Maharashtra COVID -19 Lockdown order,1.1 The Epidemic Diseases Act 1897, 1.2 The Disaster Management Act 2005, 1.3 Government Notification Public Health Department No.Corona- 2020/CR- 58 / Aarogya - 5, Dated -13th March 2020, 14th March 2020, 15th March 2020

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EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GINGER CV. NADIA

Rajesh Kishor Tripathi

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13794 - 13798

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In different medicinal and aromatic plants the yield and the yield attributing character and quality parameter enhanced with application of organic manure, bio-fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in combination. The other detailed literature has been also given in this project. Rudiyatno and Tri muji 2011 also reported similar response over yield and yield attributing characters and quality parameters of ginger. A .shapad et-al 2018 also reported similar response with organic and inorganic fertilizers in combination with bio fertilizers in ginger crop. Keywords: Yield, Natural farming, FYM, bio fertilizers
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Aishwath, O.P., Chandra, R., Kumar, D. and Jha. B.K. (2003). Influence of farmyard manure on yield, nutrient content and uptake by Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed musli). In: Proceeding of National Seminar on Developments in soil science, from 4-8 Nov. 2003 at C.S.A.U. Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. pp. 135. Aishwath, O.P. (2004a). Growth yield and mineral composition of Withania somnifera grown on saline black soil. Indian Journal of Agricultural Chemistry 37: 1- 8.
YOG SHIKSHA KE PRATI ADHYANRAT B.ED. CHATR/CHATRAO KI JAGRUKTA KA ADHYAYAN

Akhilesh Kumar Sinh

Issue: Mar-Apr, 2020 | Volume/Issue:7/58 | Page No.: 13799 - 13801

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