An Internationl Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Jul - Aug, 2015, Vol-3/19

Impact Factor: 4.889

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2015-09-04

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THE EFFECT OF JOB VALUE ON OCCUPATIONAL SELF EFFICACY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS.

Neha Jain

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 322 - 328

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Teacher efficacy as a belief is expected to guide teachers in their behavior decisions and

motivation with regard to teaching. Specifically teacher efficacy for teaching affects their daily

decisions related to teaching and their willingness to invoke specific strategies and techniques.

In Bandura’s (1986, 1997) theory, self-efficacy is not considered as a trait, but is instead seen as

context-specific. The current study takes place in an occupational setting, we focus on a contextspecific

form of self-efficacy, namely occupational self-efficacy, defined as “the competence that

a person feels concerning the ability to successfully fulfill the tasks involved in his or her job”.

There is another important aspect of teacher’s behavior which is Job value. At work place,

values are major influences on how individuals approach work. Values drive our decisions and

reason us to summon up energy to preserve what people believe in or what people want to

defend. It is important to know, what the worker wants from his job because Job Values lead to

job satisfaction and personal adjustment of an individual. So the different levels of Job Values

can be seen in different teachers and these levels can affect Occupational Self Efficacy of

teachers. In this context the study started with the question, is there any effect of job value on the

occupational self efficacy of secondary school teachers? In the present study sample of 30

secondary schools of Agra city was selected by simple random sampling and all the available

teachers working in these secondary schools were selected. Occupational self efficacy Scale

prepared by Sanjyota Pethe, Sushama Chaudhari, and Upinder Dhar and Job value scale

Downloads: 10

MADHYAPRADESH KI KRUSHI VIVIDHIKARAN KI PRAVRUTTI PARIVARTAN EVAN CHUNOTIYA

Alka Jain

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 329 - 343

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THE NEW UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYSIS OF FEATURES AND CONTENTS OF GROUNDED THEORY

Zhiwei Chen & Sanjeev Sonawane

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 344 - 351

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For the social researching field, qualitative research, especially the grounded theory has

always been attached with great importance. This theory requires on plenty of literatures,

with effective data and information. It has also the systematic procedure as feature, as well

as value the perspective of the researchers and interviewees very important and precious.

The theoretical sampling method, use of literature with flexibility and belief of functions of

personal interpretations are all the fundamental idea of grounded theory. There is also a

specialty of grounded theory to use memorandum into qualitative research.

Keywords: grounded theory; narration; qualitative methodology.

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THE NEW CONCEPT DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCHING METHOD

Zhiwei Chen & Sanjeev Sonawane

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 352 - 359

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The applied range of biographical researching method is quite broad, including sociology,

anthropology, history, ethnology and pedagogy. It is developing in the same pattern and

trend with contemporary cultural studies. Its main types contain researching and collecting

data from autobiography, biography, life history, oral history, narrative inquiry. One

important and effective way of its implementation is to use the biographical narration. It is

necessary to do some differentiation and analysis between biographical research method and

ethnographic methods, in order to make use of them better.

Keywords: biographical researching method; narration; biographies.

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ASSESSMENT OF CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION IN HDFC (AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN LUCKNOW CITY)

Anoop Kumar Singh & Rupesh Kumar Gupta

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 360 - 369

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A well-functioning housing market influences not only shelter concern, but also workplaces

for home-based entrepreneurs. The best housing sectors should enable the adequate

provision of shelter at the reasonable cost and favourable schemes across all segments of the

population. The customer’s satisfaction is an indicator of the efficiency and growth of the

institution. In fact the key of the success of any institution providing customer service is

appraised through the qualitative assessment of different parameters. Thus the main objective

of the institutions should be to create, cultivate and retain the customers. If the institutions

are able to fulfil this objective the residual results like profitability and productivity would

automatically follow. The present research is an attempt of the researchers to assess the

extent to which current customers are satisfied with the services offered by HDFC, a major

institution working in the housing Finance Industry.

Key Words: Customer Satisfaction, Average Weighed Score, Likert scale, Bivariate

frequency distribution.

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ATTITUDE TO RESEARCH IN RELATION WITH THE RESEARCH MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCHERS IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF DISCIPLINES

Vini Sebastian

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 370 - 374

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Successful research demands tremendous personal involvement. If the researcher has little or no

interest in the research he/she is conducting then it will be reflected in the output of research. A

low quality research is a mere academic drudgery rather than an exciting intellectual

experience. A person’s attitude to any work always affects his work, keeping this in mind, the

paper highlights the relationship between attitude to research and research management of

researchers pursuing the doctoral research. A significant, strong and positive relationship

indicates that researchers having a highly positive attitude to research will also strive hard to

manage their research well.

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THE ORIENTATION PROGRAMMES - CHALLENGES AHEAD

Sachin Sadashiv Surve & Dhananjay Bagul

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 375 - 399

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FINANCIAL INCLUSION – A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BENEFITS EXPECTED BY RURAL AND URBAN CLASS

Sanjay Kumar Singh & J.K.Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 400 - 407

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The recent past has witnessed several reforms to cover the population living in rural part of

India with a view to reduce inequality of income and encouraging participation of the rural

segment of the society in the growth of economy of our country. The proliferation of banking

system and other financial products among rural part of the country is expected to act as a

catalyst in improving the standard and style of people having enormous entrepreneurship

potential but could not give way to their dreams because of lack of important ingredients needed

for the same. This paper highlights the views regarding benefits of financial inclusion as

prevalent among the urban class of society and the rural class of society and statistically test the

difference in their approach using various statistical technique , such as Mann Whitney test and

Student t-test , after collecting the information on the Likert scale through a same questionnaire

designed for both the sets of respondents – rural as well as urban.

Keywords: Financial inclusion, Poverty Ratio, Likert Scale, Levene’s Test , Mann Whitney test ,

Student t-test.

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A STUDY ON HEMISPHERCITY IN ACTIVATING MATHEMATICAL SKILLS

M.Vijayakumar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 408 - 419

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This present study is aim to study, mathematical skills of the pupil in relation to their brain

dominance. Knowledge in mathematic related field such as numerical knowledge, arithmetic,

graphical & geometric sense etc, are important for any individual for their day to day life. Hence

the present study intended to study the mathematical skills of the pupil. Since each individual

have their own cognitive level, hence the dominant brain be the factor for their academic

performances. So this leads to study the mathematical skills of the pupil in relation to their brain

dominance. The human brain divided into two hemispheres, the right & left, they do unique

function and also having unique characteristics. All these aspects are considered for the study.

By random selection method 190 samples were collected from students of standard IX. From the

analysis, the major findings were arrived such as, the Left and Right brainers are differed

significantly and the Left brainers are good in Total Mathematical Skills also they performed

well in the dimensions viz., Arithmetic & Numerical, Statistical, Mathematical Linguistic,

Logical skills. In other hand the Right brainers are good in Geometric skills. Considering right

& left brainer in both gender (boys and girls) the left brainers are performed better in total

mathematical skills. The relationship also shows that the entire dimension positively correlated

with total mathematical skill for both right and left brainers.

Key Words: Mathematical skills, Right Dominance, Left Dominance, Hemisphercity

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THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN EVOLUTION OF A RESILIENT SELF

Anamika

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 420 - 431

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With the emergence of positive psychology, the focus on positive emotions and their role in

an individual’s successful adaption in the face of adverse situation has increased. The

present study is a person-focused case study. The current paper is an attempt to examine the

process of development of resilience in an individual who is confronting a traumatic

condition which can affect the natural pathway of development. In such traumatic

circumstances what are the factors involved in and how these factors are promoting or

prohibiting the development of resilience in an individual. The particular interest of this case

study is the role of religion in the development of resilience in the subject’s life.

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ARE SCHOOL TEACHERS (PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY) OPEN TO THE THOUGHT OF INTEGRATING DIFFERENTLY-ABLED CHILDREN IN THEIR CLASSROOM? - OPINION REGARDING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Rege K & Aranjo. P

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 432 - 445

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Differently-abled children in inclusive education differs from previously held notions of

‘integration’ or ‘mainstreaming’ which was largely concerned with disability and special

educational needs. It implied learners ‘changing’ or becoming ‘ready for’ or ‘deserving of’

accommodation by the mainstream. The benefits of Inclusive Education have been documented

by a number of researchers. Inclusive education is about the child’s right to participate in

regular education and the school’s duty to accept the child. Dearth of research in the opinion of

school teachers (preschool and primary) in the Indian context served as an impetus for the

current research. The objective of the study was to elicit from the school teachers (preschool

and primary) the challenges faced and strategies to overcome regarding integrating differentlyabled

children in their classroom. The sample consisted of consisted of 20 teachers (11 at the

preschool and 9 at the primary school level). Research employed a multi-method (face-to-face

in-depth interview, observation and examination of records) was design. Results revealed that,

challenges and strategies indicated by school teachers were categorized in relation to (i)

schools, (ii) teachers, (iii) differently-abled students (children with special needs), (iv) parents of

students with special needs, (v) regular /normal children and (vi) parents of regular/normal

children. A majority of the participants (60%) stated that lack of infrastructure and facilities,

such as classroom size, modified toilets, ramps, etc were major challenges for school, while half

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FACTORS AFFECTING OF ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF CUSTOMERS: A PANORAMIC VIEW

Ajay Kumar Chaudhary & Bharat Dadhich

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 446 - 457

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The aim of this research paper is to examine behavior of different types of online buyers towards

online shopping websites. The population of this study consists of online shoppers in Jaipur

District. Respondents were selected from different gender, age groups, occupations having

internet shopping experience. In this paper we try to see the significant change that have been

foreseen in the field of e-shopping and the customers’ preference towards e-shopping by

designing a closed ended questionnaire to collect the data. Snowball sampling was used to

collect data from sampled respondents. Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation,

reliability test and regression are used in this study.

Keywords:Online buyer behavior, Perception, Shopping frequency, perceived risk.

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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIVISM IN CONTEMPORARY TEACHING ENVIRONMENT - INCLUDING USERS (CHILDREN, TEACHERS, MANAGERS) PERSPECTIVE

Seema Sharma

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 458 - 464

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In this research article an effort has been made to analyze the concept of constructivism and its

possible implementations in the current teaching – learning environment. The constructivist

approach has been analysed from the point of view of learner, teacher, and managers. Focus of

the research is to explore the points of agreement and disagreement between demands of

contemporary education system and expected responsibilities assigned by this approach. By

observing teaching learning practices directly and indirectly and gathering the information on

current and upcoming system of education from related resources certain conclusions have been

drawn which unfold the areas where we need to emphasise for the success of approach

(constructivist) and system (Education) partnership.

Key Words: Approach, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Humanist, Constructivist

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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - IT’S IMPORTANCE IN PRESENT EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Shouvik Roy

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 465 - 470

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This article introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative approach in education.

Qualitative study has big impact in educational field. This article show different types of

qualitative methods, advantages and disadvantages. So far how qualitative research develops

in educational research it is also showing in this study.

Key words: Qualitative Research, Education.

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SEXISM IN SPORTS AS REFLECTED IN CINEMA OF INDIAN CULTURAL BACKGROUND

Hariom Verma

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 471 - 476

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Sexism in sports is a quite common thing and it has been represented faithfully in cinema.

The present paper is a thematic study revealing sexism in sports as shown in two movies of

Indian cultural background: ‘Bend It Like Beckhem’ (2002) and ‘Chak De! India’(2007). It

underpins the problems faced by the Indian sportswomen of those sports that are

traditionally linked to men and also shows how women are discouraged from participating

and competing in sports. It also highlights the male view of women as weak and less

competent. The protagonists of the movies under discussion suffer sexism at familial, social

and professional levels in sports because of their being women. The paper throws light on

various types of barriers -such as socio-cultural, biological and psychological- which women

players have to cross, in addition to dealing with a bizarre and weird kind of treatment which

is never offered to their male counterparts. It depicts how family pressures and restrictions,

cultural inhibitions, lack of support and biased attitude of society can ultimately yield to the

determination of women players. The paper suggests that sports can be used as an effective

tool for women empowerment.

Key Words: Sports, Sexism, Cinema, Women, Indian.

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INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF UNDER-GRADUATE STUDENTS IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT COLLEGES, AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA

Sudhir Pandurang More

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 477 - 490

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The present research paper depict realistic picture of actual behavior of the under college

students during their process of seeking information in the information centre, i.e. Library. The

specific objectives are-To know the purpose of information seeking, To study the information

seeking behavior of undergraduate students,To measure the library services rendered by the

colleges to its students,, To suggest strategies of improving undergraduate students information

seeking behavior. A survey method and Random sampling technique was used in this study.

Accordingly well structured, opened, as well as closed ended questions were asked in the

questionnaire. It is found from the study that students in the colleges are the assets of the nation.

They are interested in finding information and knowledge. Proper guidelines and provision of

enough resources are the major responsibilities of the libraries.

Keywords: Iinformation seeking behaviour, under graduate students, information resources,

college library.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KINESTHETIC PERCEPTIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS

Pandey Gayatri & Pandey vivek

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 491 - 498

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The kind of sense organs found within the muscles and joints are called proprioceptors. The

function of propioreceptors is conduct sensory reports to the central nervous system from

muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints. These sense organs are concerned with kinesthetic senses

that, in general, unconsciously tell us where our body part in relation to our environment. Their

contributions enable us to execute a smooth and coordinated movement. The purpose of this

study was to compare the kinesthetic perception of male and female hockey players. Total 15

male and 15 female intervarsity hockey players of 18 to 24 years old from L.N.I.P.E Gwalior

(M.P), were selected as subjects for this study. The kinesthetic perception of the subject was

measured with the administration of kinesthetic obstacles test. To determine the difference of

kinesthetic perception among male and female hockey players independent t-test test was

employed and the significant level was set at 0.05. The result of the data indicated that there was

no significant difference between male and female field hockey players.

Key words: Propioreceptors, Kinesthetic Senses, Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments.

Downloads: 16

INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND EQ

Minakshi Biswal

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 499 - 507

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All children are Equal. So, Equal opportunity should be provided to all. Right to education

act (2009) gives stress on education for all. This paper briefly describes the concept,

principles, benefits of inclusion and its relationship to the development of EQ.

Key Words: Inclusion, Inclusive Education, Emotional Intelligence,

Downloads: 11

ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE OF RAJASTHAN STATE ROAD DEVELOPMENT & CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION LTD

Rohit Berwal

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 508 - 524

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INTERROGATING PEDAGOGICAL STRATERGIES

Jaya Virat

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 878 - 885

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The paper proposes to analyze educational strategies of education employed in Latin America

and Russia and does a comparative study with the pedagogical strategies used in India. It

suggests innovative methods of schooling can prove to be effective tools in bringing major

transformations. The paper proposes that the subjective consciousness of students must be taken

into account against the objective truths of the text books. The education system must not

advocate conforming of students into the present ideological apparatus but rather should

promote freedom from it towards humanization, because material gain must not be seen as the

ultimate ambition of a student’s life. The educational institutions must advocate critical intent

among students for the natural process of growth to take place. In the end paper examines

various cons of the idea of completely abolishing the system of school education.

Key Words: Ideology, deschooling, humanization, dehumanization, oppressor, and oppressed

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KAKSHA GYARAHVI ME ADHYAYANRAT VIDNYAN TATHA KALA VISHAY KE VIDHYARTHIYONKI SAMSYA SAMADHAN YOGYATA KA TULANATMAK ADHYAYAN DHABHARA VIKASKHAND KE VISHESH SANDABHRA ME

SANDHYA PATEL

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 525 - 531

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ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIENCE IN ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL STUDIES

Leelavatti

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 532 - 536

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Emotional Intelligence is relatively new concept in the field of psychology. The term

Emotional Intelligence was coined by Salovey and Mayer (1990) and popularized by Goleman

(1995). Both male as well as female, studying in various schools affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi

formed the sample for the present study. The tools used for collecting the data is Emotional

Intelligence Inventory developed and standarized by Mangal & Mangal for achievement the

percentage obtained by the student in 12th class C.B.S.E.

Data were analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and 2x2x2 Factorial

Design ANOVA. A significant correlation between Emotional Intelligence. Achievement were

also not found to be significantly correlated.

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STUDY OF EMTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMICACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY CLASS STUDENTS

Ambica Saini

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 537 - 542

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The study has been conducted on a sample of 200 XI class students of Mahindergarh district

schools. Dr. Shubhra Mangal’s Emotional Intelligence Inventory was used as a tool for

measuring emotional intelligence. Matric examination marks were taken for judging the

academic achievement. The results reveal that the Govt. schools students have below average

emotional intelligence. Same is the case with the students of non-Govt schools students. No

significant difference has been found in the emotional intelligence of both the groups. It has

been fond that the emotional intelligence of the students has no significant impact on their

academic achievement.

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DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF ASSAM UNDER SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Mrs. Manjuri Gogoi & Sailendra Bhuyan

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 542 - 562

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In India education has been accorded much importance since independence as it has been

perceived that educational development is necessary to ensure economic and over all

development of the country. In order to develop human resources in a better way it is

important that education is imparted to all sections of population in the country irrespective

of their caste, class, sex or religion. However, despite these provisions it has been noticed

that the spread of education is not uniform and there are disparities of all kinds in the field of

education. Availability of schools is not a major issue now. The real problem observed is

facilities provided to these primary schools functioning in various localities. In order to

universalize primary education, it is necessary to provide schools everywhere and also

provide all necessary facilities to all the schools. This is because schools without proper

infrastructure and facilities, termed as ill-equipped schools, may not be in a position to

impart education properly and the quality of education in such schools will be poor. In 2001

the Government of India has launched Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). It is the latest effort of

the Government to universalize Elementary education in a mission mode. It aims to provide

useful quality education for all children in the age group of 6- 14 years for which it has set

the target 2010. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was launched in Assam in February, 2002. This

paper looks at the status of basic infrastructure facilities provided by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

in the primary schools of Assam with special reference to Nalbari, Sonitpur, Jorhat, and

Dibrugarh District.

Keywords: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Elementary education, Infrastructure, Universalization.

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TRIBES OF GOA: THEIR INSTITUTION AND MOVEMENT

Mr. Vijay M.Gawas & Mr.Mahesh Velip

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 563 - 579

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The tribes like Gawda, Kunbi and Velip are the first settlers of Goa. It is very difficult

to reconstruct their early history as literary sources are not available for the same. The

available evidence, particularly archaeological literary and folklore have proved that the

tribes are aboriginals of Goa. It is said that the Goan tribes racially belongs to the protoaustraloid

group. And also the tribal communities are called as Mull Goenkar i.e. indigenous

Peoples meaning the original settlers of Goa. During the period of colonialism, the tribal

people also suffered from external and internal invader. The tribal population has

contributed to the political, economic and social growth of Goa. However, this aspect of

Goa’s history is yet to be reconstructed. The present paper deals with the Goan tribes, their

institutions and movement. This is based on books, journals, newspaper, and folklore. The

data from “Mand” of GKUVD (Gawda, Kunabi, Velip and Dhangar Federation) of Goa is

also used here.

Keyword: Tribes of Goa, Traditional institution, Colonial period, Religious, independent

movement, Post- Liberation, Conclusion.

Downloads: 16

PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE: AN EMERGING ISSUE IN PREPARING TEACHERS

Sudhindra Roy & Ritendra Roy

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 580 - 591

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Teacher is one of the important components of education system. The quality and extent of

learner achievement are determined primarily by teacher competence, sensitivity and teacher

motivation (NCFTE, 2009). The achievement of the educational goals largely depends on the

quality and standard of the teacher. Thus it is important to make them prepare for the future or

upgrade their knowledge with new concepts to address the better quality and standard of them.

Pedagogical content knowledge is one of such emerging concept which should be integrated in

the curriculum of teacher education at all the level i.e. D.El.Ed, B.Ed or M.Ed. Pedagogical

content knowledge (PCK) is a type of knowledge unique to teachers. PCK concerns the manner

in which teachers relate their pedagogical knowledge to their subject matter knowledge in the

school context for teaching students with specific level of understanding (Shulman, 1986). It is

the integration of teacher pedagogical knowledge with their subject matter knowledge in the

specific context so that definite needs of the group of students as well as individual students can

be addressed and make the learning simple to understand. In a country like India where the

teachers have to deal with different context and different level of understanding of the students

PCK of the teacher is more important instead of the content knowledge or pedagogical

knowledge singly. This paper will try to define and explore the concept PCK followed by

explaining the need of implementing the concept PCK in Indian Teacher Education curriculum

and thereby will try to identify the elements related to PCK that has been mentioned in the new

NCTE regulation i.e. National Council for Teacher Education (Recognition Norms and

Procedure) Regulations, 2014.

Keywords: Teacher, Pedagogical content Knowledge, Indian Teacher Education curriculum,

NCTE regulation (2014)

Downloads: 12

LINGUISTIC MINORITY CONCEPT IN INDIA: MYTH AND REALITY

Jagan Karade

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 592 - 606

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In the contemporary period, in India religion and language are most sensitive issues in

our country because on this basis the people dominate other society. The Constitution of India

used the word ‘Minority’ in the Articles No. 29 and 30 and 350A and 350 B. It means the people

of the dominant group or community are numerically high (which is called as majority) and the

other group is called as minority. The concept of minority has been expanding beyond the

boundaries of the state and nation. It basically speaks about two kinds of minorities in India

which are, religious and linguistic. The Indian states have been formed on the basis of linguistic.

This point of view has created various problems related to the Minority and their rights. Many

high courts and Supreme Court judgments have not discussed the concept and criteria of

minority status but they have discussed their rights. Therefore, the time has come to think about

the concept of minority and their rights.

Key Words - Concept, Minority, linguistic. Rights. Religious

Downloads: 12

A STUDY OF STUMBLED ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY WRF TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON MAHILA WORKERS OF UNORGANIZED SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO NORTHEAST AREAS OF MUMBAI CITY

Sangeeta N. Pawar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 607 - 618

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Domestic Violence is a human rights issue and a serious offence committed against women at

large in many Indian houses. It is more rampant, persistent, severe and violent among rural as

well as urban population. The severity is definitely high amongst the uneducated, poor, low

middle, and even the middle class population perhaps the figure of domestic violence may tend to

even be equal in case of educated working class of population. The domestic violence is serious

deterrent to development. The Vienna Accord of 1994 and the Beijing Declaration and the

Platform for Action (1995) have acknowledged this. The United Nations committee on

Convention on Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) in its

General Recommendation No. XII (1989) has recommended that State parties should act to

protect women against violence of any kind especially that occurring within the family. The

Study on women workers provides information on their wage and working conditions, socioeconomic

background and life styles. Some are migrants which make them come to Mumbai city

for livelihood because of their financial compulsions. Some women work as maid servants, some

as construction laborers, some as vendors, sweepers, scavengers etc. They live in slums, in bad

living conditions with no sanitation facilities, lack of water and health of these women is more

vulnerable showing mortality rates, delivery deaths, ailments, prolonged diseases like

Tuberculosis, asthma, skin diseases etc. The Research background is magnifying the details and

findings through applied research. This is a problem solving and problem oriented research. It ismore like a action research carried out to find solution to the real life problems faced by the

unorganized sectors mahila workers. The research appeals to the policy makers to initiate and

design policies, strategies, take concrete and implementative actions and have accountability

towards such distorting offences disturbing the physical and mental harassment of women. The

aim of the study is to highlight the phenomenon of domestic violence which is widely prevalent

but has remained invisible. Presently a woman is cruelly physically and mentally harassed by

her husband and her in-laws or her husband’s relatives, is an offence under section 498-A of the

Indian Penal Code. The present paper is a dedicated attempt to identify and study more

analytically the cases of domestic violence committed against the women workers in home based

organizations prominently termed as self employed mahila workers. The Methodology

manifested in the research study and the data collection is through primary and secondary

source. For secondary data books, journals, periodicals, thesis, dissertations and government

reports are used and the primary data is collected through Depth interview by Non-Disguised

method. This method is adopted to make the respondent feel free and since the issue is more

sensitive, there is full chance that the respondent will not want to speak or reveal the facts

therefore to have more friendly approach this method is used. The study is a random sample

survey of 50 mahila workers but surprising only 20 women were vocal, bold enough to lodge

police complaint against their family members especially the husband. The study depicts the

scenario of domestic violence prevailing amongst the mahila workers of unorganized sector or

self employed women working in Bhaji Poli Kendra run by women entrepreneurs in North East

Areas of Mumbai City with reference to Chembur, Govandi and Mankhurd residing women.

The Findings are very but natural and abstract that every woman interviewed has been victim of

domestic violence. 100% findings reveal that domestic violence in this study has proved correct

and rampant rise is measured for more predominant reasons of poor economic conditions. The

study implies to Accelerate the economic conditions of women, make them independent and earn

their livelihood to establish their empowerment over their family members. The data interpreted

in the study shows the mental disturbances and psychological issues of the women. Their

strength and cope up strategies to tolerate injustice and harassment. The study implies to

provide information of some schemes to women initiated by the government so has to make their

economically strong, information of law and NGO who can be approached and contacted for

conviction of the crime and in some cases consultation talks with family members to find solution

to the problems.

Keywords: Domestic violence, mahila workers, self employed, Harassment, Abuse

Downloads: 11

CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE IN THE EIGHTH GRADE MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOK OF WEST BENGAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Subir Sen & Tuhin Kumar Samanta

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 619 - 629

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Present work deals with an analysis of content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge in eighth grade mathematics textbook of West Bengal Board of Secondary Education, West Bengal, and India. Concepts which are explored in the algebra together with necessary concepts which should be included are also discussed. An analysis on textual presentation and exercises supplied with necessary recommendations are argued.

Key words: Mathematics textbook, Algebra, Content knowledge, Pedagogical Content

Knowledge.

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A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING

N.V.Bose

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 630 - 651

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This paper reports the attitudes of teachers in Jamnagar District, Gujarat towards implementing the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). A brief review of the teaching methods and approaches to ELT is presented with an objective of underlining the relevance of CLT. Teachers’ feelings and beliefs about the Communicative Approach are ascertained from their statements in response to an attitudinal questionnaire reflecting the principles of this approach. Teachers’ behavior is observed and described to compare with what they reported to be the effective implementation of the principles of the approach. This study provides analyses of the phenomenon of teachers’ attitudes towards the effective implementation of the Communicative Approach in ESL classrooms. The findings can be used to complement studies on teachers’ attitudes towards CLT.

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CHALLENGES OF SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM -WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MEGHALAYA

Sumana Paul

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 652 - 661

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Downloads: 36

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MID DAY MEAL SCHEME: EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION IN ANDHRA PRADESH

Raghuveer Pinisetty

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 662 - 670

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The aim of this paper was to find out the importance of community participation and contribution for the quality improvement of Mid Day Meal Scheme in Andhra Pradesh. The main objective of the Mid Day Meal(MDM) is to increase the enrolment, retention drive and declining of dropout rate and at the similar instant to improve the nutritional support of children for physical and mental growth. This scheme has been negligible by the community. The children belongs to downtrodden were more inequity and helpless due to the poverty and vulnerable. The quantity and quality of food served to children under mid day meal has put a question mark on this scheme. Hence, the proper implementation of this scheme it would be necessary to take measures through the community participation.

Keywords: Community Participation, quality improvement, vulnerable, implementation

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USE OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALS BY THE RESEARCHERS OF PDPM-IIITDM, JABALPUR CENTRAL LIBRARY: A STUDY

Veena A. Prakashe & Sapana S. Tayade

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 671 - 679

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The user study has been conducted in Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Library (IITDM), Jabalpur. The paper deals with experiences of research staff and PhD scholars about various issues relating to electronic journals. The study highlights the level of use of available Electronic Journals and user satisfaction. Questionnaires were personally handed over to 99 research staff and research scholars. Based on the analysis and observations, some suggestions have been set forth to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the PDPM-IIITDM under study.

Keywords: Electronic Journals, PDPM-IITDM, Users Study, Research Scholars

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A STUDY OF PERSONALITY OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO COMMITMENT

Ms. Anupama

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 680 - 686

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The present study examines the personality of adolescents in relation to commitment.

The sample of the study comprised of 200 eleventh class students (100 boys and 100 girls)

studying in government and private schools of Chandigarh. Descriptive survey method was

employed to collect the data. The major findings of the study revealed a significant difference

in the personality of male and female adolescents. Further, adolescents with high level of

commitment have better personality as compared to their counterparts. But, there was no

significant difference in the personality and commitment level with regard to type of school.

Keywords: Personality, Psychological Hardiness, adolescence, Commitment

Downloads: 11

INDIAN CONSTITUTION & RIGHT TO EDUCATION

C .A. Shingte

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 687 - 692

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India made a constitutional commitment to provide free & compulsory education to all children

up to the age of 14, by adding this provision in article 45 of the directive principles of state

policy. It is now a legally enforceable duty of the Centre & the states, to provide free &

compulsory education. This act is an essential step towards improving each child’s accessibility

to secondary & higher education. The act also contains specific provisions for disadvantaged

groups such as child laborers, migrant children, children with special needs, or those who have

a disadvantage owing to social, cultural, economical, geographical, linguistic, gender or any

such factor. The aim of compulsory education is to protect children’s right to education because

children have no way of asserting that right for themselves when through neglect or ignorance,

no attention is paid to this need.

Key words – Indian constitution, Right to Education act

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TOWARDS STUDYING INDIAN NATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS RELATED TO FEW EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS.

Veena Devi Trivedi

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 693 - 697

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This paper is confined to some of the educational aspects of Indian national constitutional

provisions given in terms of education, religion, minorities, equity and gender along with

vulnerable groups The Constitution of India was formed in 1950 and was amended in 2006.The

Indian Constitution has recognized the significance of education for social justice and change. It

is a document which promises to bring social transformation. The Preamble paves way for to

secure liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship and equality of status and

opportunity and to promote amongst the people a feeling of fraternity, ensuring the dignity of the

individual and the unity of India. Literacy brings a mark for making the provision of equality of

opportunity a reality. The objective mentioned in the Preamble contains the basic structure of

the Constitution, which cannot be amended, and the preamble may determine the ambit of

Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.

Key Words: National, Constitutional, Provisions, Education .

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THE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE USING INTERNET OF THINGS

Kishor Keshaorao Wikhe

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 698 - 706

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BLOCK BASED ROBUST BLIND IMAGE WATERMARKING USING DWT, SVD AND TORUS AUTOMORPHISM

Chaudhari Manoj A.

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 707 - 712

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EXPLORATORY STUDY OF OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN HANDI CRAFT INDUSTRY

Sujay Madhukar Khadilkar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 698 - 714

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GENDER DISCRIMINATION THROUGH AGES IN INDIA

Kapil Gandhar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 715 - 735

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The status of women in ancient times was quite respectable in Indian society with time it underwent unfavorable change due to numerous factors including attitude towards women and social evils. There was a continuous decline in the position of women which was followed by attempts by social reformers to improve the status of women. Thus the condition of women went from high to low and then improved with special efforts. This paper makes an attempt to depict the discrimination against women during different time periods classified as ancient, medieval and modern India.

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Ray, Raka. Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India. University of Minnesota Press; Minneapolis, MN 1999. Kumar, Radha. The History of Doing, Kali for Women, New Delhi, 1998. Sen, Amartya. "The Many Faces of Gender Inequality." The New Republic, 17 September 2001. Gangoli, Geetanjali. Indian Feminisms – Law, Patriarchies and Violence in India. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2007. Partha Chatterjee, "The Nationalist Resolution of the Women's Question," in Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid, eds. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.

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CROSS COUNTRY RACE: - AN OVERVIEW

Dalveer Singh Kaunteya

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 736 - 744

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The IAAF recommend for international competitions that there is a main course loop of between 1750m and 2000m with natural obstacles used where possible, and the likes of deep ditches, dangerous ascents and descents as well as thick undergrowth should be avoided. Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. How to conduct cross country. frist we explain course design, cross-country races distances, start, drinking / sponging and refreshment stations, disqualified, strategy, finish, and scoring. The course shall be clearly marked with tape on both sides. It is recommended that all along one side of the course a 1m wide corridor, heavily fenced from the outside of the course, shall be installed for the use of organization officials and media only. The races shall be started by the firing of a gun. The commands for races longer than 400m shall be used .In races which include a large number of athletes, five-minute, three-minute and one-minute warnings should be given. Water and other suitable refreshments shall be available at the start and finish of all races. For all events, a drinking / sponging station shall be provided every lap. The finish area shall be wide enough to enable several runners to sprint side by side and long enough to separate them at the finish. Unless a Transponder Timing System is being used together with a backup system (such as a video recording) to check finishing orders, finish lanes (“funnels”) should be set up some 8 to 10 meters after the finish line with a maximum width of 0.70-0.80m. Once in the funnels. Scores are determined by summing the top four or five individual finishing places on each team. In international competition, a team typically consists of six runners, with the top four scoring. In the United States, the most common scoring system is seven runners, with the top four scoring. above all the point should be kept in mind when you organized cross country.

Keywords:-race course, start, finish, distance, scoring.

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INFLUENCE OF TYPES OF SCHOOLS AND EFFORTFUL CONTROL ON PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY OF SCHOOL STUDENTS

Sawinder Arora

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 745 - 749

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One of the indicators of intelligent behavior is the ability to solve problem. A student is expected to have adequate problem solving ability that will help them in solving academic and non-academic problems. Therefore, various efforts need to be done to improve problem solving ability in students. The present study was an effort to study the influence of types of institutions and effortful control on problem solving ability of secondary school students. It was a survey work. The sample was selected from VIIIth, IXth and Xth class students of government and private schools of Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts by using cluster random sampling technique. Tools used for data collection were Problem Solving Ability Test by Kaufman (1954) and King (1991), and Effortful Control Scale by Lonigan & Phillips (2001). The collected data were analysed and the results were interpreted. A problem can be defined as a block or obstacle that one cannot overcome with exiting habits and practices. Woolfolk (2004) pointed out that problem is any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find a means to do so. In day-to-day life we face many problems with no readymade solution. The aim of our schools is to make our students efficient in solving problems. National Curriculum Framework (2005) emphasised that the development of life skills such as critical thinking skills, interpersonal communication skills, negotiation/refusal skills, decision making/ problem-solving skills, and coping and self-management skills is very critical for dealing with the demands and challenges of everyday life. Kennedy (1980) argued that problem solving is related to individuals’ previous knowledge and experiences. So, learning problem solving skills in the schools can be beneficial in solving problems. However, government and private schools in India differ with respect to many factors like socio-economic background of students, qualification of teachers, salary structure of teacher, and medium of learning. Thus, the type of schools can have different influence on the problem solving ability of the students. It may be beneficial to study the influence of types of schools on the problem solving ability of the students. Moreover, the study also focused on investigating the relationship between effortful control and problem solving ability of student. As effortful control include attentional control processes, the inhibition of prepotent behaviors in response to instructions or social demands, and the capacity to perform an action when there is a strong tendency to avoid it (Rueda, 2015), studying problem solving ability in relation to effortful control of the students can be useful. Thus, it was thought to study the influence of types of schools and effortful control on problem solving ability of secondary school students

ASLAN, E. A. (2002). Yarat?c? problem çözme. ?çn. Örgütte kisisel geli?im [Creative problem solving. In personal development at organization] Esra A. Aslan (Ed.) Ankara: Nobel Yay?nlar?. Kaufman, G.L. (1954). The book of modern puzzles (2nd Ed.). New York: Dover Publication, Inc. Kennedy, L. M. V. (1980). Educational psychology: In theory and practice. New York: Random House King, A. (1991). Effects of training in strategic questioning on children's problem- solving performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 307-317 Lonigan, C.J., & Phillips, B.M. (2001). Temperamental influences on the development of anxiety disorders. In M.W. Vasey & M.R. Dadds (Eds.), The development psychopathology of anxiety (pp.60-91). New York: Oxford University Company. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA. National Curriculum Framework. (2005). National curriculum framework. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training. Verstracten, K., Vasey, M.W., claes, L., &Bijttebier, P. (2009). The assessment of effortful control in childhood: Questionnaires and the Test of Everyday Attention for children compared. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 59-65. doi: 10.1016/i. Paid.2009.08.016. Woolfolk, A. (2004). Educational psychology (9th Ed.). Delhi: Pearson Education, Inc.

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TOURIST SATISFACTION WITH HILL STATION: A CASE STUDY OF MATHERAN

Uttam N. Gadhe

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 750 - 757

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Ahammed, M. K. (2012) : “Major Quality Determinants of Tour Package in Kerala : A Case Study of Kerala Tourism Development Corporation”, South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 43-52. Alegre, J. and Garau, J. (2010) : “Tourists Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 37, No.1, pp. 52-73. Anvari, M.R. (2008) : “Geographical study of tourism development in Esfahan Province, Iran”, Unpublishled Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pune, Pune. Aparana, Raj (2004) : “Tourist Behavior Psychological Perspective”, Kanishka Publisher, New Delhi.

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COLLABORATION BETWEEN TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES AND SCHOOLS

Dipak Chavan

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 758 - 763

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Teachers are the furthermost assets of any education system. They play a vital role in the transmission of knowledge, skills and values. Teachers can create social cohesion, national integration and a learning society. Teacher education plays crucial role in restructuring and strengthening the education system of any country.

Teacher training has promising global trends in education and it is an integral part of educational system. Teacher education in India has to be responsive to socio-cultural ethos and national development. The National Council for Teacher Education has to initiate suitable measures to make teacher education at various levels responsive to such developments as well as to quality concerns in future.

This paper discusses the collaboration between the teacher education institutes and schools for quality teacher education in Indian context. It includes aims, importance and Models of collaboration. It also explains the benefits, difficulties and conditions for successful collaboration between TEIs and schools.

Keywords: Collaboration, Teacher Education Institutes, Schools

Goodlad, J. I. (2004). A place called school (2nd Ed.). New York: McGraw?Hill. Heath, R., Blackburn, B., Williams, A. & Zimmerman, P. (2004). The professional development school: A community of learners. Presentation at the South Carolina Teacher Leaders Symposium. Columbia, South Carolina. Heath, R. (2005). Developing partnerships between public schools and higher education. Singh J.D. (2012). Measures for Improving Quality of Teacher Education Education India Journal: A Quarterly Refereed Journal of Dialogues on Education, ISSN 2278-2435, Vol. 1, Issue- 3, August 2012 Walkington, J. (2007). Improving partnerships between schools and universities: Professional learning with benefits beyond preservice teacher education. Teacher Development, 11(3)

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INTERNET USING PATTERN OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: A STUDY

Prof. Rajendra Thigale

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 764 - 772

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SAYAJIRAO MAHARAJANCHI DHARMIK SUDHARANA YOGDAN AANI TYACHI SAMKALIN PRASANGIKTA

Patil Anil Nimba

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 773 - 783

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CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND DFT CALCULATIONS OF POLYNUCLEAR 2D COPPER (II) COMPLEX OF PYRAZINE CONTAINING PERCHLORATE

Surendra Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 784 - 797

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A new polynuclear cationic complex of copper(II) (Cu(II)) with pyrazine as a ligand and perchlorate acting as a counter-ion was obtained. X-ray diffraction results accounted for a 2D polymer array of cations, in which the metal-ions were located on an ideal square-pyramidal coordination environment defined by four nitrogen atoms of pyrazines and one chloride. The polymer compound, which extended along the ab plane of the structure, showed Cu(II) displaced 0.9?Å from the plane defined by the N-atoms and chloride. Perchlorate ions were situated in cavities interacting with pyrazine by anion-? weak interactions. These low-energy bonds emerged as a consequence of the ?-acidity of pyrazine upon coordination to Cu(II). Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X level of theory using 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d) were conducted aimed at achieving an electronic description of selected properties of title complex. M06-2X/6-31G(d), in particular, proved to be an acceptable performer in dealing with geometric aspects keeping the computational cost very low. Keywords: Polymer compound; copper(II) complexes; pyrazine; DRX studies; DFT calculations

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IMPACT OF MAHILA SAMAKHYA PROGRAMME FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN KERALA

Radhakrishnan T.T.

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 798 - 815

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The development of the country is possible only through the development of women folk. Women of our country face a lot of issues that need immediate consideration. It has been observed that social, economic and political status of women particularly Scheduled Caste women in Kerala is very low. Various empowerment strategies are implemented for the upliftment of women especially of the disadvantaged sections of the society. This study assesses the impact of Mahila Samakhya for the empowerment of Scheduled Caste women in Kerala. The present study is an attempt to investigate how decision-making ability, educational background, socio-economic conditions, social awareness, self-confidence, self-esteem, leadership qualities are in a way to achieve the goals of women’s empowerment. The researcher undertook the study to explore the impact of Mahila Samakhya programme upon the Scheduled Caste and general beneficiaries of the programme concerned. Impact has been measured by comparing the participants of the programme among Scheduled Caste and general categories. Women empowerment was measured by nine dimensions of empowerment i.e. Household decision making, Self-confidence, Education, self-esteem, Health awareness, Political Decision Making, Economic decision making, Legal awareness and Leadership. The present study also discusses the limitations of the existing functioning of the programme as well. The study dealt with the challenges and prospects of the Mahila Samakhya Programme. On the basis of the findings of the study some suggestions have been given to improve the effectiveness and to remove various problems associated with the design and implementation of the programme concerned.

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Agarwal, S. P. (2001). Education in India: 1995-98 present status perspective plan statistical indicators with a goal view (Vol. 3), New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Ajay, B. P. (2013). Empowering women against domestic violence. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/13223.

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NEW TRENDS IN EDUCATION

Khushal Limbraj Mundhe

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 816 - 818

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Among many global educational trends, distance learning cannot be missed out. At first glance, some people may think that distance learning is similar to online learning. However, these modern trends are not exactly the same. Each trend has its own specialist. With remote learning, learners can get a course in the absence of in-person interactions. This proves that education can be carried on from distances, no matter where we are. Since the growth of technology, blended learning is never out of the popular educational trends list. With this method, you can make use of both face-to-face and eLearning training methods. Thanks to that, learners become the center of learning. Meanwhile, teachers play the role of mentors to orient learners. This modern trend not only boosts learners’ learning experiences but also wakes their learning motivation up. Happy schools, happy teachers, happy learner. That’s all things we achieve now! The more learners are happy, the more prosperous society becomes. However, the fact indicates many mental health issues that learners have to deal with in modern life. So, what can we do to improve this situation Now, give SEL a go. Then, you will see learners’ social interaction, healthy relationships, and well-informed decisions promoted. Keywords: Education, Virtual learning, Gamification

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https://www.wallacefoundation.org/news-and-media/blog/pages/your-top-picks-and-ou https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/modern-trends-in-education/https://elearningindustry.com/current-trends-in-the-indian-education-system https://atomisystems.com/elearning/10-popular-trends-in-education/

OPERATIONAL DYNAMICS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PEDAGOGY OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

Dr. H N VISHWANATH

Received Date: 10/07/2015 | Accepted Date: 20/08/2015 | Published Date: 04/09/2015

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 819 - 827

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Effective Teaching and meaningful Learning in Science are the two foci of imparting productive Science education. If both are to be highly qualitative, it’s very important for the teachers and practitioners to realize and refine their understandings of curriculum transaction in Science. It is an accepted fact that effective teachers are usually not born but made through training, exposure and experience. Good Science teachers nurture their scientific knowledge and skills through constant and deliberate efforts. One of the prerequisite to be a good science teacher is to understand the process of teaching-learning science and effective classroom management in more depth.

It is indeed a sorry state of affairs that even today teaching is just transacting curriculum by way of direct explanation of the content for conceptual understanding by teachers where students are just passive recipients of information rather active producers of new knowledge. In the context of NCF 2005 and NCFTE 2009, which strongly advocate self-construction of knowledge, it is very significant to rethink about the dynamics of curricular transaction and redesign the pedagogic dimensions in the teaching of Science so as to enable students construct their own scientific knowledge, relate it to the immediate environment, reflect it in their personality and extend the same for problem solving in life and community for a better quality of life. More specifically learning of Science needs to be shifted from passive and conventional methods to active and innovative methods.

In this context one has to seriously think about how to make children active learners with an enhanced ability to construct their own scientific knowledge and become productive citizens of our country. There is an element of discovery, exploration, and inquiry in every child that probably lead him or her to a contributory individual in terms of scientist. In a nutshell each individual student is a budding scientist who is only to be pulled out. This would be possible only when teachers modify their information transferring conventional classrooms into a place where students are transformed to produce new knowledge, get their scientific skills sharpened, scientific attitude is promoted, aptitude is magnified and in total the competence levels of students are boosted up. This indeed requires a new pedagogy called Constructivist Pedagogy. Teachers shall try to refine and reflect their understandings of the principles of constructivism and put conscious efforts to design a Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) their Constructivist Classrooms.

In this context the present study finds its significance, as the researcher tries to analyze the teaching-learning process and the pedagogical dynamics of constructivist science curricular transaction when students are employing 5E model of teaching Science.

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OPERATIONAL DYNAMICS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PEDAGOGY OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

Dr. H N VISHWANATH

Received Date: 10/07/2015 | Accepted Date: 20/08/2015 | Published Date: 04/09/2015

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2015 | Volume/Issue:3/19 | Page No.: 819 - 827

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