An International Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Sep - Oct, 2020, Vol-8/61

Impact Factor: 6.380

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2020-11-01

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STRATEGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL ORGANIZATION OF IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAMMES UNDER SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Sapna Goel

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14093 - 14100

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This Paper attempts to study the different strategies for successful organization of in- service teacher training programmes under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Himachal Pradesh. The sample included 400 upper primary school teachers of three districts of Himachal Pradesh by employing purposive sampling technique as well as in accordance with the willingness of upper primary school teachers. Data were collected from upper primary school teachers by using self developed questionnaire. Percentage analysis was used for analyzing the data.

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Aba, Kumbhar Ranaram (2002). A Comparative Study of the Teacher-Oriented In-Service Teacher Education Programme and the School-Oriented In-Service Teacher Education Programme for English Teachers. Indian Educational Abstracts, 2, 2, 85-86. Arora, G. L. (2004). Policy Framework for In-Service Education of Teachers – A Neglected Issue. Anweshika-Indian Journal of Teacher Education, 1, 2, 68-74. Gopalan, K. (2003). Some Quality Issues in Teacher Education. University News – A Weekly Journal of Higher Education, 41, 7, 1-4. Kerketta, Alexander & Nongbri, C (2017). In-Service Training Programmes under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and the Impact on Classroom Teaching Learning. Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 3, 8, 693-696. Kumar, Sulender (2009). A Study of Training Needs and Factors affecting Participation of Elementary School Teachers in In-Service Training Programmes under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. M. Ed. Dissertation, Nerchowk: Abhilashi G. College of Education. Surapuramath, A (2012). A Study of Attitude of Teachers towards In-services Training Programmes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Paripex- Indian Journal of Research, 12, 1, 42-44.

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NEPAL AND PAKISTAN TERRORISM NEXUS

Navin Verma & Maj Gen A K Shukla

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14101 - 14118

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Unleashing the Vajra: Nepal's Journey Between India and China by Sujeev Shakya The Nepal Nexus: An Inside Account of the Maoists, the Durbar and New Delhi by Sudheer Sharma Nepal-Pakistan Bilateral Ties by Kiran Chauhan ‘The Nepal Nexus : An Inside Account of the Maoists, the Durbar and New Delhi’ review: Chill in the neighbourhood by Kallol Bhattacherjee

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ACHIEVING WATER SECURITY IN NEPAL THROUGH UNRAVELLING THE WATER-ENERGY-AGRICULTURE NEXUS

Navin Verma & Maj Gen A K Shukla

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14119 - 14144

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Asian Development Bank. (2016). Asian water development outlook 2016. Manila: Author. [Google Scholar] Asian Development Bank and International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. (2006). Environment assessment of Nepal: Emerging issues and challenges. Kathmandu: Author. [Google Scholar] Asian Devlopment Bank. (2014). Sector assessment (summary): Irrigation Nepal: Community irrigation project. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/38417-02-nep-ssa.pdf [Google Scholar] Bajracharya, S. R., Maharjan, S. B., Shrestha, F., Bajracharya, O. R., & Baidya, S. (2014). Glacier status in Nepal and decadal change from 1980 to 2010 based on Landsat data. Kathmandu: ICIMOD. [Google Scholar] Bartlett, R., Bharati, L., Pant, D., Hosterman, H., & McCornick, P. (2010). Climate change impacts and adaptation in Nepal (Working Paper 139). Columbo: International Water Management Institute. [Google Scholar] Benson, D., Gain, A. K., & Rouillard, J. J. (2015). Water governance in a comparative perspective: From IWRM to a ‘nexus’ approach? Water Alternatives, 8(1), 756–773. [Web of Science ®], [Google Scholar]

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EKAGRATA SADHYA HONYASATHI PRANAYAM V OMKAR JAPACHI UPYUKTATA - EK ABHYAS

Sharmila Prakash Bagle

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14145 - 14149

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POETRY TEACHES LEARNERS LESSONS OF LIFE: AN EVALUATION OF POEMS IN ENGLISH YUVAKBHARATI (FROM 2020 ONWARDS) STANDARD XII IN MAHARASHTRA

Raut Sunil Raosaheb

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14150 - 14155

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English Yuvakbharati standard XII 2020 Maharashtra state Bureau of Textbook production and curriculum Research,Pune.PP-93-129

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A PERCEPTUAL STUDY TO FIND OUT THE CAUSES OF FEMALE ILLITERACY IN MUMBAI'S SUBURBAN DISTRICT

Sunita Jain

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14156 - 14165

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Literacy is a process which dispels and promotes rational thinking and moulds human beings into becoming responsible citizens. The absence of literacy i.e. illiteracy has a negative impact on social as well as economic growth of the nation. This hinders the development of individuals, society, community and the country as a whole. For the success of any program, people should be motivated by providing necessary congenial environments, socio-economic conditions and committed efforts on the part of implementing bodies. In spite of the number of efforts made by central and state governments in India, still illiterates remain. This paper considers the perception of B.Ed student teachers to identify factors responsible for female remaining illiterate and suggests strategies to adopt for achieving better results in Mumbai\\\'s suburban district.

Key Words: female illiteracy, Mumbai\\\'s Suburban District, B.Ed

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http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/reports_and_publication/statistical_publication/social_statistics/Chapter_3.pdf. Retrieved on 14th October, 2020 https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/27/2722_PART_A_DCHB_MUMBAI%20SUBURBAN.pdf. Retrieved on 16th August, 2020 https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/143905/10/10_chapter%204.pdf. Retrieved on 19th August, 2020 https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/female-literacy-rate-india-improves-third-year/. retrieved on 3rd October, 2020 Pawan Chaurasia, Pragya Priya, Nidhi Agrawal (2019). “Illiteracy – A social Issue” A brief study in the Indian population. Retrieved from https://www.erpublication.org/published_paper/IJETR2739.pdf on 12th September, 2020 Shiv Prakash Katiyar (2016) . Illiteracy Flagging India. Retrieved from http://ndpublisher.in/admin/issues/LCV7N3l.pdf on 20th September, 2020

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CRITICALITY, REASON, AND EDUCATION: LOCKE AND ROUSSEAU REEXAMINED

Bishnu Pratap Mishra

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14166 - 14179

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Axtell, James L. 1968. ‘‘Introduction.’’ In The Educational Writings of John Locke: A Critical Edition with Introduction and Notes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 3–97. Bloom, Allan. 1979. ‘‘Introduction and Notes’’ to Emile. In Emile, Trans. Allan Bloom. New York: Basic Books, 3–28; 481–95. Barrow, R. (1978). Radical education: A critique of free schooling deschooling. London: Martin Robertson. Clark, C. (1988). Child-centered education and the 'growth' metaphysic. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 22(1 ), 75-88. Claydon, L.F. (Ed.). (1969). Rousseau on education. London: Macmillan. Barry K. Beyer. 1987. Practical Strategies for the Teaching, Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Chappell, Vere, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Locke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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JHARKHAND ME JANJATIYON KE VISTHAPAN KA UNKI SAMAJIK AUR SANSKRUTIK JEEVAN PAR PRABHAV KA EK SAMAJSHASTRIY ADHYAYAN

Ashish Anshu

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14180 - 14185

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Avtar Movie: James Cameron Census, 2001 & 2011. https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/jharkhand/what-is-sarna-why-is-demand-for-new-religion-in-jharkhand Majoomdar, D. N. & Madan, T.N (2009) “An Introduction to Social Anthropology”, Noida: Mayur Paperbacks. Ogburn, William (1964), “On Culture and Change” Chicago: Chicago University Press. Prabhu, P.N (1954), “Hindu Social Organisation”, Bombay: Popular Book Depot. Taylor, E.B (1913), “Primitive Culture” North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. www.jharkhand.nic.in

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BHARAT ME DHARMNIRPEKSHATA PAR SAMSAMAYIK VIMARSH

Ishwar Swarup Sahay

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14186 - 14192

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SARDAR PATEL : MAHATMA GANDHI EANV JAVAHARLAL NEHARU KE SATH SAMBANDHO KA VISHLESHANATMAK ADHYAYAN

Janak Singh Meena

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14193 - 14200

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EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY IN BASIC SCIENCE AT IX STANDARD LEVEL

D. Sivakumar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14201 - 14209

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This study investigated the effectiveness of cooperative learning strategy in basic science. The investigator has chosen the two groups pretest-posttest equivalent-groups design used for the study. The treatments were at two levels cooperative learning strategy (jigsaw II) and conventional lecture method (control). Basic Science Achievement Scale (BSAS) was the main instrument used to collect data from students. t-test Analysis were used to analyze the data collected. The results of this study indicated that there were significant main effects of treatment on students’ achievement towards basic science.

Keywords: cooperative learning, effect, achievement and basic science.

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Ainscow, M. (1997). Towards Inclusive Education. Times Educational Supplement, November 1996. Chai, Ching Sing; Tan, Seng Chee (2009). Professional development of teachers for computer-supported collaborative learning: A knowledge-building approach. Teachers College Record, Vol.111, No.5, pp.1296-1327. Chang, Kuo-En; Chen, Yu-Lung; Lin, He-Yan; Sung, Yao-Ting (2008). Effects of learning support in simulation-based physics learning. Computers & Education, Vol.51, No.4, pp.1486-1498. Daniel, Joseph, I. (1999). Computer-aided instruction on the World Wide Web: The third generation. Journal of Economic Education, pp.163-174; Gupta S.P., (2008). “Statistical Methods”, Sultan Chand & Sons, Educational Publishers, New Delhi. John W Best and James V Kahn., (1996). “Research in Education, Seventh Edition”, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF BLENDED LEARNING IN TEACHING PSYCHOLOGY AMONG B.ED TRAINEES

K. Manikandan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14210 - 14217

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This study examined the effectiveness of blended learning in teaching psychology among B.Ed. trainees. It also examined the differential effect in achievement among B.Ed. students. The study used two groups pretest-posttest equivalent-groups design, 60 students for adopting for the present research. Psychology Achievement Test (PAT) developed by the researcher and validated by experts was used for the present study. Students taught using Blended learning strategy achieved higher scores and significantly better than those taught using conventional (lecture) method. The study recommended among other things that since Blended learning package is found to be an effective strategy and enhanced achievement among B.Ed. students, teachers of this subject should accept it as one of the strategies they can use in B.Ed. classroom.

Key Term: Blended learning, Psychology, B.Ed. trainees and conventional method

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Albano, G. (2012). Mathematics education: Teaching and learning opportunities in blended learning. Retrieved on 06/07/13 from www.igi- global.com/chapter/mathematics-education-teaching- learning-opportunities/57934 Albano, G.,& Ferrari, P. L. (2008). Integrating teaching and research in mathematics education. Retrieved on 06/02/13 from www.igi- global.com/chapter/integrating-technology-research- mathematics-education/1473

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A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IT COMPANIES

Miss. Vaishnavi Shridhar Kadam

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14218 - 14231

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Introduction: Talent management is gaining high importance and is the primary step in fulfilling the requirements of industries for a competitive, motivated and versatile Human Resource which will help achieve its objectives. It is a key aspect that contributes to the industries success or failure. This paper focuses on the concept of talent management in various IT companies as human resource is that the most vital think about IT industry.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to understand the essence & significance of Talent Management for organization. To Study the Talent Management practices at selected organizations. To present a set of leading Talent Management practices based on the learning gathered from the overall study.

Methods: Descriptive and exploratory research study has been conducted with the help of secondary data and primary data. The researchers have done extensive literature review to create up the theoretical framework of talent management in this companies.

Finding: The finding of the paper highlights commonly followed talent management practices within the IT companies.

Key words: Talent management, IT companies

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Chugh, S., & Bhatnagar, J. (2006, August 1). Talent Management as High Performance Work Practice: Emerging Strategic HRM Dimension. Management and Labour studies, 31(3), 228-253. Heinen, S. J., & Neil, C. O. (2004, July 8). Managing talent to maximize performance. Today Employee Relation, 31(2), 67-82. Infosys- Consulting / IT services / Digital Transformation . (n.d.). Retrieved from Infosys- Consulting / IT services / Digital Transformation Web site: https://www.infosys.com Karthikeyan, J. (2007, May 1). Talent Mangement and Strategies. Sage Journals, 1(3), 23-26. Michacls, E., Handfeild, H., & Axelrod, B. (2001). The war for talent. Boston, Mass. : Harvard Business School . Ready, D. A., & Conger, J. A. (2007, July). Make your company talent factory. Harvard Business Review, 85(6). Rothwell, W. J., & Kazanas, H. (2003). The Strategic Development of Talent (Revised ed.). Human Resource Development. Tata Consultancy Service (TCS)- IT Consulting Services & Business Solution. (n.d.). Retrieved from Tata Consultancy Service (TCS)- IT Consulting Services & Business Solution Web site: https://www.tcs.com

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A STUDY ON THE PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA

V. Vijaya Gomathi & R. Muthulakshmi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14232 - 14238

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Women entrepreneurs are playing very vital role and they have become important part of the global business environment and it’s really important for the sustained economic development and social progress. Women entrepreneurs’ responsibility towards family and workplace. The attitude of society towards her and the constraints in which she has to live and work are hostile. With joint families breaking up many women simply don’t have the support of elders. However, in rural India joint families are still the order of the day. Women have to face resistance not only from men but also from elderly woman who are ingrained with this attitude of inequality. This attitude of reservation creates difficulties and problems at all levels, i.e., family support, banking, marketing, training, licensing etc.

Key words: Women entrepreneurs, family, society, responsibility.

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Sinha,P. (2003). Women entrepreneurship in the North East India: motivation, social support and constraints. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 38(4), 425-443. Suganthi, J. (2009). Influence of motivational factors on women entrepreneurs in SMEs. Asia Pacific Business Review, 5(1), 95-104. https://www.iaspaper.net/women-empowerment-in-india/amp/ http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/domestic-violence-topscrimesagainst-women-says-report-115120200013_1.html.

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E-MARKETING AND ONLINE BANKING

Smt. B. Supriya & R. Muthulakshmi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14239 - 14246

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Internet banking transacts and controls our bank account online through net banking service. We can do multiple things from the comforts of our home or take a wide range of transactions online. E-Banking service makes banking a lot more easy and effective. All the services that the bank has permitted on the internet are displayed in menu. Any service can be selected and further interaction is dictated by the nature of service. The traditional branch model of bank is now giving place to an alternative delivery channels with ATM network. Customers should never are provided with PIN numbers, passwords etc. It is important is that the documents that contain confidential information are safeguarded. Internet banking is also used for online shopping 1000to 1500 websites in the thought of India selling their own products to customers some other websites doing dealers functions. Maximum all age group of peoples of having awareness and experience of internet banking in this research particularly focused on youngsters awareness and experience about the Internet banking

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Research methodology C.R. Kothari. New age international publishing 2004. Statistical methods. S.P.Gupta Sultan Chand and Sons publications 2008. International journal of multidisciplinary research in science and management Vol:1 issue : 3 July 2013. Web Sources: www.wekipedia.org www.Google.co.in http://www.ebay.com http://www.anamikas.hubpages.com. http://www.streetdirectory.com http://www.flipkart.com http://www.amazon.in.

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A STUDY ON GST IN SERVICE SECTOR AND TAX STRUCTURE IN INDIA

P. Supriya & R. Muthulakshmi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14247 - 14253

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Tax structure in India is a three level federal structure. The central government, state governments, and local municipal bodies make up and about this structure. Interestingly, the tax system in India traces its origin to the prehistoric texts such as Arthashastra and Manusmriti. As proposed by these manuscripts, the taxes paid by farmers and artisans in that era would be in the form of agricultural produce, silver or gold. Based on these texts, the foundation of the modern tax system in India was conceptualized by the Sir James Wilson during the British rule in India in the year, 1860. However, post-independence the newly-established Indian administration then soldered the system to propel the economic development of the country. After this period, the Indian tax structure has been subject matter to a host of changes. India has a healthy developed tax structure with clearly demarcated right between Central and State Governments and local bodies. Central Government levies taxes on income (except tax on agricultural income, which the State Governments can levy), customs duties, Central Goods & Services tax (CGST) & Integrated Goods & Services Tax (IGST). State Good & Services Tax (SGST), stamp duty, state excise, land revenue and profession tax are levied by the State Governments.

Key words: Tax structure in India, Direct Tax, Indirect Tax, Capital Gains Tax, GST.

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Purohit, Mahesh C. (1997), “Value Added Tax in a Federal Structure: A Case Study of Brazil”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 32, No. 2, February 15, pp. 357-362. Ehtisham Ahmad and Nicholas Stern (1984): “The theory of tax reform and Indian indirect taxes”, Journal of Public Economics. Sei, O. (2000), “Political Liberalization and the Implementation of Value Added Tax in Ghana”, Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 255-275. Bezborah, P.; and Singh, Ranjit (2005), “Value Added Tax: Problems and Prospects”, in Pramanik, Alok Kumar (Ed.), Value added Accounting and Reporting VAT, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi, pp. 345-356. Bird, Richard M. (2007), “Is a State VAT the Answer? What's the Question? ”, International Tax Program, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 3-23.

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NYAY DARSHAN : NYAY DARSHAN ME SHABD PRANAM KA MAHATWA

Shrimati Savita Nirwan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14254 - 14257

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MADHYAMIK STAR PAR KARYRAT SHIKSHKO KI MAHILA ADHIKARON KE PRATI ABHIVRUTTI KA ADHYAYAN

Dharmendra N. Shambharkar & Anjali Kumari

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14258 - 14270

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PSYCHOSOCIAL WELLNESS AMONG CHILDREN – SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATION TO PARENTS, FAMILY MEMBERS AND COUNSELLORS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC – A REVIEW PAPER

Kamini Prakash Rege & Samir H. Dalwai

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14271 - 14286

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Although children are minimally susceptible to 2019-Corona virus disease (COVID-19), they are hit the hardest by psychosocial impact of this pandemic. Being quarantined in homes may impose greater psychological burden than the physical sufferings caused by the virus. There is a need to educate parents and adult caregivers to support children in these difficult times and build psychosocial resilience. children have access to different kinds of information and news through social media and digital platforms, some of them may not be factually true, causing fear, stress and anxiety. Children\\\\\\\'s responses to stressful events are unique and varied. The primary factor is the presence of a supportive parents and adult caregiver in a child\\\\\\\'s life. Children, need quality time with their parents and caregivers in their lives. An acronym “ARCH” is a curved structure that could solve important problem by being able to support a large amount of weight. Thus, this review paper provides a few recommendations to parents, family members and counsellors to assist, help and support children in enhancing psychosocial wellness. Some of the recommendations include providing age-appropriate information; Creating a safe physical and emotional environment; Reassuring and carrying out routines and regulation; emphasizing strengths, hope and positivity and also parents and adult caregivers could help by focusing children\\\\\\\'s attention on stories that can be healing and comforting to children.

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A. Zandifar, R. BadrfamIranian Mental Health during the COVID-19 epidemic Asian J Psychiatry, 51 (2020), p. 101990 C.K.T. Lima, P.M.M. Carvalho, I.A.A.S. Lima, J.V.A.O. Nunes, J.S. Saraiva, R.I. de Souza, et al. The Emotional Impact Of Coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new Coronavirus disease) Psychiatry Res, 287 (2020), p. 112915 Christie D, Viner R (2005). Adolescent development. British Medical Journal, 330(7486):301-4. Dalton L, Rapa E, Stein A. Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19. The Lancet Child& Adolescent Health 2020;4:346-7 G. Sprang, M. Silman Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents and Youth after Health-Related Disasters Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 7 (2013), pp. 105-110 G.J. Rubin, S. Wessely The Psychological Effects of Quarantining a City BMJ, 368 (2020), p. m313 Ghosh R, Dubey MJ, Chatterjee S, Dubey S. Impact of COVID-19 on children: special focus on psychosocial aspect. Minerva Pediatr 2020 (in press). H. Ashrafi-Rizi, Z. Kazempour Information diet in covid-19 crisis; a commentary Arch Acad Emerg Med, 8 (2020), p. e30 H.N.P. Kluge Statement – Physical and Mental Health Key to Resilience during COVID-19 pandemic BMJ, 368 (2020), p. m1150

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EFFECT OF CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH ON THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Swarna Chandrika Mahapatra

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14287 - 14294

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The present study investigated the effect of constructivist approach on the achievement of elementary students in the English language. A quasi-experimental design was used in the study. Participants for this study were drawn via purposive sampling from an intact population of class VI students and were divided into an experimental group (N = 29) and a control group (N =29). An achievement test, which served as the pretest, was administered prior to the intervention to both the groups. Furthermore, students with low scores in the pretest (low achievers) were distributed between the experimental and control group. The experimental group received instruction based on Interpretation Construction (ICON) Design Model. The control group received the traditional method of instruction. Post-test was conducted and mean scores were computed for the groups. Mean, Standard deviation’– test and Analysis of covariance were used to arrive at the following conclusions: (i) Students taught through constructivist approach, ICON model, gained significantly higher score as compared to their counterpart taught by traditional method. Based on the ‘t’ value of 0.948 at 0.005 level with df 56, there was no significant difference between the mean achievement of the experimental group and control group before the intervention. However, there existed a significant difference between the mean achievement of the experimental group and control group after the intervention (t value 4.271 at 0.001 level with df 56). (ii) Low achievers learnt better through a constructivist approach and gained significantly higher score as compared to their counterpart taught by traditional method. There was also no significant difference between mean achievement scores of low achievers from both the groups before intervention (t value 0.638 at 0.001 level with df 56). But the researcher found a significant difference between the mean achievement scores post-intervention (t value 3.707 with df 15 at 0.001 level). Based on the above conclusions, it is recommended that the English language taught through ICON model leads to better achievement among the students.

Keywords: Constructivist Approach, ICON model, English Language, Elementary Students

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Adak, S. (2017). Effectiveness of constructivist approach on academic achievement in science at secondary level. Educational Research and Reviews, 12(22), 1074-1079. Agrawal, R and Chawla (2005). Influence of cooperative learning on academic achievement, Journal of Indian Education vol -31, no. 2. Ahmadi, D., & Reza, M. (2018). The use of technology in English language learning: A literature review. International Journal of Research in English Education, 3(2), 115-125. Almasi, J. F., & Gambrell, L. B. (1994). Sociocognitive Conflict in Peer-Led and Teacher-Led Discussions of Literature. Reading Research Report No. 12. Al Muhaimeed, S. A. (2013). Task-based language teaching vs. traditional way of English language teaching in Saudi intermediate schools: A comparative study (Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University).

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GHATATA BAL LING ANUPAT: EK GAMBHIR SAMASYA

Manisha Rani & Jyoti Tiwari

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14295 - 14305

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INDIA’S STRATEGY WITH TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN

Hemant Kumar Pandey & Mohd Margub

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14306 - 14319

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John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the history of the Cold War Robert Jervis, Perception and Misperception in International Politics Vahid Brown and Don Rassler, Fountainhead of Jihad: The Haqqani Nexus, 1973-2012 Theo Farrell, Unwinnable: Britain’s War in Afghanistan 2001-2014 Avinash Paliwal, My Enemy’s Enemy: India in Afghanistan from the Soviet Invasion to the US Withdrawal (Noida: Harper Collins, 2017)

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WOMAN AT THE CROSS ROADS:IA ISTUDY IOF ISHASHI IDESHPANDE’S THAT ILONG SILENCE I

Sudesh Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14320 - 14326

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Indian fiction in English has a formidable line of women novelists from Kamala Markandaya to Nayantara Sahgal, Shashi Deshpande is one of the brightest stars in this august galaxy of Indian women writers who in her various works has

depicted the contemporary middle class women’s outer and inner world with remarkable acute insight. The present study is an attempt to show how the multi-layered ‘silence’ is used by her protagonist as a strategy to survive, understand

and realize her identity and self-respect, as also to establish and assert her status, role and contribution in the domestic and social domains. That Long Silenceiis a modern novel, which won her the Sahithya Academy award in 1990,

revolves around its central protagonist Jaya, who is in search for her self identity in a tradition bound society. The present paper is an honest attempt to show how patriarchy hampers woman’s assertion and tries

to oppress her in each and every possible way; and how a woman projects herself as a isubject and refuses to live her ife in a servile manner. The paper beautifully traces the journey of Jaya, the protagonist from

suppression to self-realization.

Keywords: Patriarchy, Silence, Suppression, Self-realization

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iViswanath, iGita. i2005, i"In iConversation iwith iShashi iDeshpande." iWriting iDifference: iThe iNovels iof iShashi iDeshpande. iEd. iChanchala iK. iNaik, iNew iDelhi: iPencraft iInternational, ip.229. i2.Deshpande, iShashi. iThat iLong iSilence. iNew iDelhi: iPenguin iBooks, i1989. iPrint. i (All isubsequent ireferences ito ithe itext iof ithe inovel iare ifrom ithe isame iedition, iand ipage inumbers iin iall isuch icases ihave ibeen igiven iwithin iparentheses iimmediately iafter ithe iquotations. i) Chatterji, iLola. iEd. i1986. iWoman iImage iText. iDelhi: iTrian. i4.Beauvoir, iSimone ide. i1997. iThe iSecond iSex. iTrans. iH.M. iParshley. iLondon: iVintage, ip. i295. Nabar, iVrinda. i1995, iCaste ias iWoman. iNew iDelhi: iPenguin iBooks, ip. i185-86.

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INVESTMENT PATTERN IN LIFE INSURANCE POLICY – A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO POLICY HOLDER IN TIRUNELVELI DISTRICT

S.Lakshmi & P. Abraham

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14327 - 14330

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Investment in a commitment of present fund order to derive future income in the form of interest, dividends and appreciation in the value of securities. In other words, investment is commitment of money that is expected to generate additional money in future. Every investment entails some amount of risk. It requires “present certain” sacrifice for “future uncertain benefits”. All investments are risky and as such investor has to be choosy and highly selective in making investments, so that risk taken is lowest possible while the return share the highest feasible. The Life Insurance policy of India life insurance policy has been a Nation-builder since its formation in 1956. True to the objectives of nationalization, the life insurance policy the funds from the policy holders for the benefit of the community at large. The life insurance policy collects large amount of funds from the public and deploys the amount to the best advantage of the policy holders, the community at large and industrial development.

Keywords: Investment, Risk, Policyholder, Fund

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A.K.Vashisht,R.K Gupta,Investment Management and Stock Market, Deep &Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi,2005, p.4. C.R. Kothari, Research methodology: methods and techniques, Vishwa Prakashan, New Delhi, 1999, pp. 21-151 L. Bajtelsmit and A. Bernasek “Why do women invest differently than men?” Financial Counseling and Planning, vol. 7, 1996, pp. 1-10 5. Preethi Singh, “Investment Management, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi, 2006, p.3. Sancheti, D.C., & Kapoor, V.K. 2009. Statistics, Theory, Method and Application. New Delhi : Sultan Chand & Sons

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PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS PROBLEMS RELATED TO EFFECTIVE TEACHING OF ENGLISH AT PRIMARY SCHOOL LEVEL

Vijay Dhamane & Swati Barbhai

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14327 - 14330

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Present research study deals with the pedagogical skills problems related to English language at Zillah Parishad primary schools. The major objectives of the study were to identify and analyze the problems related to pedagogical skills of primary teachers for effective teaching of English. Survey method was used for the research, under which data were collected from 325 primary teachers of Zillah Parishad, Pune. The pedagogical problems related to Preparation, Presentation (Instructions), Language skills and Evaluation phases of English Language were surveyed through questionnaire. After analyzing the data it was concluded that while preparing and planning for English teaching in the classroom, most of the teachers are facing the problems of limited time period for preparation, bi-class teaching method, availability of the audio-visual aids, also difficulties to plan for teaching the diverse learners in the class. Lack of communicative approach due to insufficient knowledge, vocabulary and training of the teachers. Impact of mother tongue, phobia about English speaking While evaluating the students, teachers came across the problems of lack of positive attitude of students, towards evaluation.

Key Words: Pedagogical Skills, Pedagogical Skills Problems, Primary School, Language skills, Evaluation

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Morey, R. A., (1999), Teaching English in India, Pune , Shree Vidya Prakashan. Waje, S. R., (2006), Content cum Methodology of English, Pune , Balwant Publication. Littlewood, W., (1999), Communicative Language teaching An introduction, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Larsen – Freeman, D. Anderson, M, (2018), Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching, 3rd Edition, New York: Oxford University Press. Ranjeet Kumar, (2017), Research Methodology – A step by step guide for beginners, 4th Ed. New Delhi, SAGE Publication India Pvt. Ltd., Dunkel Harold, (1988), “Second Language learning” Grain and Company. Sukhla, A, (2015) Pedagogy of English New Delhi, K. S. K., Publishers and Distributors. Patil, S., (2013), English is easy overcome the fear of speaking English. Nagpur, Om Sai Publishers and Distributors. Manivannam, M., (2011), Psychology of Learning and Human Development, Hyderabad, Neelkamal Publication Pvt. Ltd.

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EQUITY AND EXCELLENCE IN EDUCATION FOR MINORITY

Ayesha Tanwir

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14331 - 14337

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The 12th plan has highlighted expansion, equity and excellence as the major concern in education. India has witnessed significant increase in gross enrolment ration and inclusivity through affirmative action. However persistent disparity exists across states, religious minorities and backward classes. Education is a prerequisite for socio-economic development, particularly for the weaker sections that have all along been subjected to various kinds of deprivation and discrimination and therefore, stand in need of instant development. A proactive state initiative to foster excellence while improving equity through higher access of disadvantage segment of the society. Education is a right and all citizens of the country should have access to it. It is through education that they can fully utilize the opportunities for socio-economic development since it opens to them various avenues of mobility and employment. Education is also an instrument of liberation and endows the deprived groups with confidence, courage and ability to resist exploitation.

Keywords: (Equity, Excellence, Education, Minority)

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Ahmad, N. and Siddiqui, M.A. (2005). Empowerment of Socio-Economically Weaker Sections through Education: Commitments and Challenges; In University News-A Weekly Journal of Higher Education, Vol.44, No. 37, September 11-17, 2006, Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi. Ambasht, N.K (1994). Tribal Education: Scope and Constraints: In Yojana, vol.38, No.182, January 26, 1994, New Delhi. Baranden.et.al,(2011) bilingualisim for equity and excellence in minority education (Retrieved on 01 january 2016 from https://ofeliagarciadotorg.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/ biling ualism-for-equity-and-excellence-in-minority-education-the-united-states.pdf) Census Directorate, Orissa (2011), Census of India 2011- Final Population Totals: at a Glance, Bhubaneswar. GOI-MHRD (1992) National Policy on Education 1986 Programme of Action 1992, New Delhi. Govt. of India, MHRD (1992).Programme of Action – 1992 (National Policy of Education 1986) New Delhi. GOI-MHRD (2001). Working Group Report on Education for Disadvantaged Sections-Scheduled Castes, Scheduled, Minorities, Women, Handicapped and Other Disadvantaged Sections for the Formulation of Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007), New Delhi. GOI-MHRD (2006-a), Working Group Report of the Development of Education of SC / ST / Minorities / Girls and other Disadvantaged Groups for 11th Five Year Plan (2012), New Delhi

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THE MADRASA IN INDIA: NEED A NEW LOOK

Ayesha Tanwir

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14338 - 14342

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Madrasa education is major source of education for Muslims in India. Madrasa is an Arabic word which means an educational institution. They have never been limited to providing only religious education but this notion has shifted, and Madrasa become the only religious centre. For many years Madrasa has been only education option available to Muslim children, especially in areas where no schools have reached the Muslim masses. Increasingly, oppressed Muslim communities demand greater quality education from their madrasa. Madrasa education lots of challenges likewise in India, most of the Madrasa are privately owned and the leaders of madrasa do not feel the need to fulfil the need of the society. Although Muslims parents are Inclined to the safe environment of the school, they are aware of that because of conventional methods and techniques, negative outlook on modern subjects and also due to lack of imagination, experiments and invention, only religious teaching will not be enough for their children to live a decent life. This paper discusses some of the problem faced by Madrasa and suggest some remedial steps to improve the standard of education offered by Madrasa for the overall growth of the Muslim community.

Key words: - Madrasa Education, challenges, Muslims

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References Beg MA, Kidwai AR. Empowerment of Indian Muslims: Perspective Planning and Road Ahead. Concept Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd, 2012. Dr. Sameena Kausar. Madarsa Education: Problem and Prospects, Third National Seminar Educational Development of Minorities - Policy Initiatives and Impact, Dept. of Political Science, MANUU, Hyderabad - Telangana, 2015. Dr. Siddiqui Mohammad Mahmood. Madarsa Education - Past, Present and Future, Silver Jublee Magzine, Marathwada College of Education, Aurangabad, 1980, 63 - 66. Durrani K. Muslim Educational Reform, Islamic Book Service, Lahore, 1986 Erfan N, Valie ZA. Education and the Muslim World: Challenge and Response. Institute of Policy Studies The Islamic Foundation, U.K, 1995. https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32745414/downlo ad_file?st=MTU2Njk3NTQ5NCwxNTcuMzMuMTcwLj k1&s=swp -splash -paper -cover Jain S. Muslims and modernization. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1986. Md. Mujeebuddin, Syed Rafi Ahemad. Madarsa Education and Muslim Identity, Third National Seminar Educational Development of Minorities - Policy Initiatives and Impact, Dept. of Political Science, MANUU, Hyderabad - Telangana, 2015. Mondel SR. Educational Status of Muslims: Problems Prospects and Priorities, Inter India Publications, New Delhi, 1997. Muhamme Rafi TA. Modernization of Madarsa Education System with reference to Madarsa Sysytem of Malabar (North Kerala), Abstract, Third National Seminar Educational Development of Minorities - Policy Initiatives and Impact, Dept. of Political Science, MANUU, Hyderabad -Telangana, 2015.

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INTERNATIONALIZING STARTUPS THROUGH SINGAPORE

Mr. Sameer L. Kulkarni & Mr. Mahesh V. Shitole

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14343 - 14347

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Internationalization has always been the goal of Startups and growth their highest priority. While most Startups wish to internationalize, often it is not an easy task and involves detailed study of political, legal, financial and business systems offered by various countries. Taking the business international could be one of the Smart and Profitable move, but the key question is ‘Which is the most suitable country through which you can internationalize your business?’. This research paper reviews various business reports and papers related to understanding several parameters like ‘Ease of Doing Business’, ‘Global Competitiveness’, ‘Branding’, ‘Safety’ and ‘Corruption Perception’ of various countries.

The study reveals that Singapore is World’s Strongest Nation Brand, ranked 2nd in world for Ease of Doing Business (1st in South East Asia), 1st in Global Competitiveness, 1st in Global Economic Freedom Index, 4th Lowest in Corruption Perception and the 2nd Safest City in the World. Thus it is evident that Singapore offers the best option for Startups to internationalize their business and go global.

Keywords: Startup, Internationalization, Ease of Doing Business, Global Competitiveness.

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Doing Business (2019, October 24), World Bank Groups ‘Doing Business 2020’, www.doingbusiness.org/en/reports/global-reports/doing-business-2020 Klaus Schwab, World Economic Forum (2019, October 8), Global Competitive Report, www.weforum.org/reports/how-to-end-a-decade-of-lost-productivity-growth Terry Miller, Anthony B. Kim, James M. Roberts, (2020, January) Heritage Foundation’s Global Economic Freedom Index 2020 – (https://www.heritage.org/index/about?version=281) Transparency Internationals Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 - (https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2019/press-and-downloads) Vaibhav Sahgal, Divya Sharma (2019), The Economist’s Safe Cities Index 2019 (https://safecities.economist.com/safe-cities-index-2019/) David Haigh, (2019, October) Brand Finance, Nations Brand 2019 Report (www.brandirectory.com) Singapore Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) – (www.acra.gov.sg) Singapore Economic Development Board - www.edb.gov.sg International Enterprise (IE) Singapore - www.iesingapore.gov.sg Singapore Venture Capital & Private Equity Association (SVCA) - http://svca.org.sg

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KINETIC STUDIES OF THE SOLVENT EFFECT OF AQUO-DMSO SOLVENT SYSTEMS ON THE EXTENSIVE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ACID CATALYSED SOLVOLYSIS OF HIGHER METHANOATES

Namami Shankar Sudhanshu

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14348 - 14355

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With a view to study the solvent effect on the estensive thermodynamic properties of Acid catalysed solvolysis of higher methanoate, the kinetics of the section was studied in water-DMSO media of varying composition consisting of 20% to 80% (v/v) of DMSO at different temperatures ranging from 20 to 40°C.

The specific rate constant values of the reaction were found to decrease with increasing concentration of DMSO in the reaction media. It was found that from 0.267 to 1.642 molecules of water are associated with the activated complex and from this, it is concluded that in the presence of DMSO in the reaction media, the mechanistic pathways of the reaction is changed from bimolecular to unimolecular. The depletion observed in the values of iso-composition activation energy of the reaction shows that the transition state is solvated and initial stage is desolvated with addition of DMSO in reaction media. The unity value of slope of the plots of log k values against log [H+] values shows that the reaction follows AAC2 mechanism. From the values of iso-kinetic temperature i.e. 290, it may be concluded that in water-DMSO reaction media, there is weak but considerable solvent-solute interaction.

Keywords: - Extensive, solvolysis, Mechanism, Iso-composition, and iso-dielectric, solvated, Desolvated, Weak Interaction.

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Singh, Lallan., Singh, R. T. Singh and R. C. Jha : J. Indian. Chem.Soc.,57,1089,1980 Idem : Ibid. 58, 966, 1981 Rai, C. L., Singh, D. and Singh, R.T : ARJ Phys.Sci., 4, No.(1-2) 89-92, 2001 Srivastava, S. P., Singh, P. K.,Singh, P. and. Singh, R.T. : NIRJ Sci., 3, 107-112, 2009 Wynne Jones W. F. K. and Eyring H. : J. Chem. Phys., 3, 492, 1935 Hughes, E. D. and Ingold, C. K. : J. Chem. Soc., 244, 255, 1935 Laidler, K. J. and Landskroener, P.A.: Trans. Faraday Soc., 52, 200, 1956 Kiranmayee and Singh R. T. : Asian Journal of Chemistry., 2006, 18, No. 2., 1050-1054 Kumar, R., Akhtar Md., S. Tiwary, K. S. and. Singh, R.T. : NIRJ Sci., 11, 47-55, 2013 Rai, C.L., Singh, R. T. and Singh, S. K. Singh, A. and. Singh, R.T. :ARJ Phys.Sci., 2, No. (1-2) 65-67, 1999. Srivastava, S. P., Singh, H., Singh, A. and. Singh, R.T. : ARJ Phys.Sci., 11, No. (1-2) 195-200, 2009 Wolford, R. K. : Phys. Chem. 67, 632, 1963 Elsemongy, M. M., Abu Elamayan, M. S. and Mousa, M. N. H. : Z. Physik. Chem (Neue Folge), 95, 215, 1975 Robertson, R. E. and Scott, J. M. : Canad. J. Chem. Soc., 33, 383, 1959 Singh, R. T., Singh, K. K.,Singh, A. K. and. Bala, K. K.:A. R. J. Phys.Sci., 14, No. (1-2) 137-146, 2011 Kumar, N., Singh, S. K. and. Singh, R.T.(Special) : NIRJ Sci., 9, 59-65, 2012 Tommila, E., and Mevikallio, E. : Somun Kemi, 78, 268, 1953 Saville, B. J. and Husdan, R.F.: J. Chem. Soc., 4114,1955 Hyne, J. B. and Robertson, R. E. : Canad. J. Chem. Soc., 34, 863, 931, 1956 Singh, R. T., Kumari, R. and Kumari, A. : ARJ Phys.Sci., 14, No. (1-2) 127-135, 2011 Zucker, L. and Hammett, L. P. : J. Am.. Chem. Soc., 61, 2791, 1939 Pandey, R. S., Kumar, P.,Pathak, S. N. and. Singh, R.T.: NIRJ. Sci., 5, 67-74, 2010 Abhay A, Singh R and Singh RT : NIRJ Sci 22 53-66, 2016 (Dec)

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DECISION MAKING STYLES OF PRINCIPALS ACROSS FACULTIES: A STUDY

Ujjwala Sadaphal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14356 - 14364

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Principals of the higher education institutions make decisions about all educational, financial and administrative processes of the institutions. As Decision - making ability of the principal is a pivotal factor in his function and it pervade the entire institutional functioning, there is pressing need to explore the decision – making styles of the principals across the faculties. The aim is to compare decision - making styles of the principals on the basis of faculties. Normative survey method is used and 245 principals from six faculties constitute sample. The data collected using Decision - Making Style Scale by Noorjehan N.Ganihar. The findings show significant faculty wise difference in Routine Decision - Making Style and Heuristic Decision - Making Style whereas for Compromise Decision - Making Style faculty wise difference is not significant.

Key words: Decision - Making Styles and Principals of colleges

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Best, J. W. & Khan, J. V. (1999): Research in Education. Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. Brousseau, K. R., & Driver, M. J. (2005): Decision style basics: A primer on styles of decision making. California. Thousand Oaks, CA: Decision Dynamics, LLC. Doktor, R. H. & Hamilton, W. F. (1973): Cognitive style and the acceptance of management science recommendations. Management Science, 19, 884 – 894. Ganihar, Noorjehan N. (2005): Decision - Making Style Scale. National Psychological Corporation, Agra. Garrett H. (1981): Statistics in Psychology and Education. Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd. Bombay. Harren, V. A. (1979): A model of career Decision - making for college students. Journal of Vocational behavior, 14, 119 – 133. Hurakadli, B. M. (2002): A study of decision – making style and leadership behavior of heads of schools in relation to teacher morale and organizational health in secondary schools. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/95682 on 16/08/18 Lipham, M. J. and Hoeh, A. J. (1974): The Principalship: Foundations and Functions. New York: Harper and Row. Moore, W. M. (1978): The Professions: Roles and Rules. New York: Basic Book. Rowe, A. J., & Boulgarides, J. D. (1992): Managerial decision making: A guide to successful business decisions. New York: Macmillan.

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DETERMINANTS OF TWO-WHEELER AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CUSTOMERS: A CASE STUDY OF NANDED CITY, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

Balaji S. Mudholkar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14365 - 14371

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Understanding consumer behaviour is important for any organization before launching a product. If the organization failed to analyse how a customer will respond to a particular product, the company will face losses. Consumer behaviour is very complex because each consumer has different mind and attitude towards purchase, consumption and disposal of product. Understanding the theories and concepts of consumer behaviour helps to market the product or services successfully. Moreover, studying consumer behaviour helps in many aspects. As there is constant change in the living standards, trend, fashion and change in technology; consumer\'s attitude towards the purchase of product varies. Understanding these factors is of utmost importance because the marketing of product are largely dependent on these factors. Thus, consumer behaviour serves as a successful tool for marketers in meeting their sales objectives. In the light of this researcher is interested to Determinants of Two-Wheeler motor bike in buying behaviour of customers: A case study of Nanded city

Key words: consumer behaviour, purchase, consumption and disposal of product, consumer\'s attitude, constant change.

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https://www.motorcyclevalley.com/tips/types-of-motorcycle-suspensions/ https://www.tvsmotor.com/blog/explained-different-types-of-front-motorcycle-suspensions/ https://brainly.in/question/2762714 https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/importance-of-consumer-behaviour-to-business-managers-marketing-essay.php https://www.demandjump.com/blog/the-importance-of-consumer-behavior-in-marketing https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327884609_Consumer_preferences_towards_Motorcycles_purchase_decision_-_An_Empirical_Analysis_of_Rural_Lucknow https://www.academia.edu/23212750/consumers_behaviour_towards_two_wheeler_motor_bikes https://www.statista.com/statistics/318023/two-wheeler-sales-in-india/ https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/indian-two-wheeler-market-insights-2019-2024---hero-motocorp-dominated-2019-followed-by-honda-motorcycle--scooter-india-301007654.html https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/global-two-wheeler-market-to-grow-to-62-6-million-by-2025-report/74968396 https://indiancompanies.in/two-wheeler-industry-in-india-2020-market-share/ https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/two-wheelers/motorcycles/where-is-indian-two-wheeler-market-heading/79207062 https://www.insightssuccess.in/changing-face-used-two-wheeler-industry/

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A COMPREHENSIVE KINETIC STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF AQUO-PRIMARY ALCOHOL SOLVENT - SYSTEMS ON THE MEDICINAL EFFICIENCY OF CAPROATE ESTER

Rashik Bihari Dubey

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14372 - 14378

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The medicinal efficiencies of propyl Caproate as a pharmaceutical were quantitatively determined by evaluating the changes in extensive thermodynamic properties of its solvolysis reaction in aquo-n-propanol media.

It was observed that the values of iso- composition activation energy (EC) go on increasing with gradual addition of the organic cosolvent, but the values of iso-dielectric activation energy (ED) of the reaction was found decreasing with increasing dielectric constants of the reaction media.

From the evaluated value of iso kinetic temperature (327) of the reaction, it is concluded that in this reaction media (water-n-propanol), there is appreciably strong solvent-solute interaction.

Keywords:- Solvolysis, Caproate Ester, Solvent Systems, Solvent-solute interaction, Depletion, Specific Solvation Uni and Bimolecular, Iso-kinetic temperature.

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1. Elsemongy, M. M.,: Z. Physik Chem. (Neue Folge), 94, Elamayam, M, S. and 69, 1975 Moussa, M. N. H 2. Singh Lallan, Singh R.T. : J. Indian Chem. Soc; 57, 1089, 1980 and Jha R.C. 3. Singh Lallan, Gupta, A. K.: React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 24, Singh R.T. and Verma, D. K. 4. Kiranmayee and R.T. Singh: Asian J. of Chemstry, 18, No. 2, 1050 - 1054, 2006 5. Singh, R.T., Singh, A. K. : NIRJ Sci., 8, 81-86, 2012 Santosh, P. K. and Dubey, R. 6. Singh, R. T., Mishra, S. K.,: ARJ Phys. Soc, 15, Nos. (1-2), Singh, S. B. and Singh, S. 141-158, 2012 7. Elsemongy, M. M.: Z. Physik Chem. (Neue Folge), 95, Elamayam, M, S. and 215, 1975 Moussa, M. N. H. 8. Wolford R. K. : J. Phys.. Chem., 68, 3392,1964 9. Singh, R.T., Kumari, V.: NIRJ Sci., 13, 59-63, 2013 Singh, M. and Kumari, N. 10. Singh, R.T., Kumar, S.: ARJ Phys. Soc, 16, Nos. (1-2), Perween, Z. and Singh, R. I. 11. Wynne-Jones W. F. K.: J. Chem. Phys., 3, 492, 1953 and Eyring H. 12. Singh, R.T., Singh, D. K.,: NIRJ Sci., 12(Sept.), 59-63, 2013 Puja and Kumari, M. 13. Glasstone S., Laidler K. J., : “The Theory of Rate Process” and Eyring H. McGraw Hill, New York, 1941.

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16TH PARLIAMENT, ITS AFFAIRS AND VOTERS PERCEPTION A - Sociological Study

Devananda R. & GD Narayana

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14379 - 14388

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After the Independence of India first general elections was held from 25-10-1951 to 21-05-1952. After the general elections first Lok sabha was constituted on 17-04-1952. For the 16th Lok sabha the general election was held from 07-04-2014 to 12-05-2014 this was the longest election in Indian general election history. After the elections the NDA came to power with BJP having its own 282 members in 543 members. 2 Anglo Indian members are nominated by the president of India to the Parliament.

Prime Minister Sri Narendra Modi took the office on 26-05-2014 as the 14th Prime Minister of Independent India. Its first session was scheduled to conveyed from 04-06-2014. In this 16th Lok sabha, the productivity of Parliament members in both houses of the parliament is less than 10% in average. For this 16th parliament no opposition leader was in the house, according to the norms of Lok sabha the parliament has to work 06-00 hours daily. But parliament worked only 01-15 hours only. This shows the working attitude of 16th Lok sabha parliament members.

The Parliament members elected for 16th Lok sabha, have 20.66% serious criminal cases against them. 13.47% of Lok sabha members have no serious criminal cases against them, and 65.87% of parliament members have no criminal cases against them. 1/3 of elected members had at least one pending criminal case against them with some having serious criminal cases. Majority of the elected members are Karodpathi members.

The contemporary issues are no preference for valuable democratic debate; the members are not cooperative with the speakers of both houses. The members are opposing the government for opposition only, the members are more regionalists, and members are controlled by political parties at the time of parliament sessions also, many of them as no specific vision and mission.

The challenges for Indian parliament are caste politics, identity politics, money power, and muzzle power, party politics, corruption, continues election throughout the year, changing nature and newly emerging political trends in contemporary Indian politics, different socio-religious communities, disrespecting the constitutional institutions, polarization of politics.

Objectives of the study:

 To collect information about Indian Parliament and its affairs.

 To study about the Parliament members activities in Parliament.

Hypothesis of the Study:

 The Parliament affairs are not up to the voter’s perception.

 With the activities of parliament members voters are not satisfied.

Keywords: Parliament, constitution, parliamentary affairs, opposition parties, voter’s perception.

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Constitution of India by Ambedkar Print media and electronic media Social network available in Internet Shirin M Rai and Carole Spary, women members in Indian parliament

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EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING

Mrs. J. Aruna

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14389 - 14396

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Today, more than ever, the role of educational technology in teaching is of great importance because of the use of information and communication technologies. With the help of various applications for distance education, the Internet, teachers, and students themselves, they see the advantage of educational technology. The question is whether schools and teachers themselves are ready for the use of technology in education and whether they are aware of its benefits? In this paper, I try to give an overview of the importance and use of educational technology in the classroom.

Keywords: Educational technology, Technology and learning, School, Teachers, The impact of technology on learning.

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“Technology and Teacher Education by Association for Advancement of Computing in education”. Charlottesville, VA, 1994. pp. 751-755. Kauffman, D. F. (2004). Self-regulated learning in web-based environments: Instructional tools designed to facilitate cognitive strategy use, metacognitive processing, and motivational beliefs. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 30, 139-161. Becker, H. J. (2000). Access to classroom computers. Communications of the ACM, 43(6), 24–25. Clark, R. E. (1983). Reconsidering the research on learning from media. Review of Educational Research, 53(4), 445-459.

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ABHYASKRAM V PATHYAKRAM:EK DRUSHTIKSHEP

Prof. Laxman Wayal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14397 - 14400

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ROLE OF BILWADI PANCHAMOOL GHANA VATI IN THE MANAGEMENT OF STHOULYA

Dr. Pushkaraj Kulkarni

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14401 - 14407

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Charaka Samhita -Brahmananda Tripathi, Charak Chandrika Tika, Chaukhamba publication, 2002. Susruta Samhita - Ambikadutta Shastri, Ayurved Tattva Sandipika Tika, Chaukhamba publication, 2005. Sharangdhara Samhita- Sharangdhara, Krishana Tika, Baidyanath, Publication, Fourth Edition, 1994. Ashtang Hridaya- Yadunandana Upadhyaya, Vidyotini Tika, Chaukhambha Publication, Fourteenth Edition, 2003. Ashtang Hridaya-Sarvangasundari and Ayurveda Rasayana Tika.

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ASPIRATIONS, ACCESS AND ACHIEVEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF SUPER 30

MS. Smita Kumari & Minakshi Biswal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14408 - 14420

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Kingdon, Geeta G. (1996). Private School in India: Size, Nature and Equity Effects. Economic and Political Weekly, 31(51), 3306-3314. Mohan, P. (2004). Integrating Private and Government School. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(25), 2554-2556. Kingdon, Geeta G. (2007). The Progress of School Education in India. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 23(2), 168-195.

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ONLINE ADHYAPANAT BAHUBHASHIKATA VISHAYAK RANANITICHYA AMALBAJAVANICHA ABHYAS

Sham Randive

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14421 - 14430

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Agnihotri,R.K(2006) Identity, and multilinguality:the case of India. Bloom field , L. (1933) .Language.chicago:University of Chicago Press. Bhagat,P,Panda M(2018) Use of Psycho-Semiotic resources in a multilingual science Chatterji,S.K(1943) Languages and the Linguistic Problem, Bombay Devy,G (2018) Peoples Linguistic Survey of India. Bhasha Research andPublication Centre, India.

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DIFFERENT SHADES OF INDIAN WOMEN IN INDIAN ENGLISH FICTION: A FEMALE PERSPECTIVE

Mrs. Swati Braham Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14431 - 14437

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Gilbert, Sandrs and Susan Gubar. The Mad Woman in the Attic The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979. Kapur, Promila, Love, Marriage and Sex. New Delhi: Vikas, 1972 p. 28. In the epic Mahabharata, Draupadi is the daughter of King Drupada, and becomes the wife of the five andavas and then known as Princess Krishna Unlike women in her times she challenged the patriarchy and became the very epitome of feminism and femininity. Sahgal, p. 30. Sahgal has used the lower case for Rani through the novel Pathak, p. 193 Frontline Interview with Arundhati Roy, 8 Aug 1997.

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EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TRAINING METHODS ON HAEMOGLOBIN

Manju Lata

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14438 - 14442

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In recent time, it has become necessary for physical educator, coaches, trainees and fitness instructors to recognize the vital part that science plays in successful conduct of physical education, athletic and activity programme. The blood serves as the principal transport medium of body, carrying oxygen, nutrients and chemical massagers to the tissue and waste products synthesized metabalities away. The main purpose of the present study is find out the effects of different training protocols on Hemoglobin. For the study 18 male student of B.P.Ed. or M.P.Ed. course of physical education department A.M.U. Aligarh were selected out of three hoemotoloical variable hemoglobin was selected as dependent variable for the study. The criterion measure was hemoglobin content recorded in gram/100 ml of blood random group design was used to divide all the subject in three equal groups. The experimental groups were given weight training and ploymetric training for a period of eight weeks excluding the period utilized for pre-test and post-tests. The control group didn't participate in any activity during the experimental period. Keywords: Training Methods, Haemoglobin

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Ahlborg, B. (1967). Capacity for prolonged Exercise in Man. Forsvars — Medicine 3:1 (1967) quoted in J. Novosadove: The Changes in Hematocrit, Haemoglobin, Plasma volumes and Proteins During and After different types of exercises. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 36, 223-230. Counsilman. The Science of Swimming, p. 361. Holmgrem, A. (1963). Effects of training on work capacity, total haemoglobin, blood volume, and pulse rate in recumbent and upright positions. The Research Quarterly. 36, 252.

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COVID 19 KALATIL SHIKSHAN

Kamble Jotsna Mohan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14443 - 14446

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WATER RESOURCES IN MARATHWADA REGION

Dilip U. Phoke

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14447 - 14451

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Water is one of the most important renewable natural resources, which has been a source of the life for mankind from the origin of human being. In the mid 20" century in India, water was used for various purposes on a large scale. No other country in the world most probably developed its water resource with such intensity and vigor as India. About 65 million hectare of the land was brought under irrigation during 1947 – 2011. Thousands of small, medium and number of large projects were built to harness most of the rivers of the country ground water which was never capped for large scale irrigation, before was exploited on huge scale. An attempt has been made to study the imbalance and management of water resource in Marathwada region. Keywords: Management, scarcity, water storage, ground water draft.

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Govt. Water and Irrigation Comissition, Appendix of Statement, vol.I, 1999. Naresh Tankhiwale, Maharashtra Rural Water Supply and sanitation project II, Environmental analysis study for word bank 2003 Maharashtra State Irrigation Dept. Report (2018) Water and land management Institute Aurangabad.(WALMI)

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DETECTION OF RESPIRATORY BURST IN CATLA CATLA (HAMILTON, 1822) FINGERLING UNDERGOING TRANSPORTATION STRESS BY USING NBT TEST

Manoj M Ghughuskar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14452 - 14461

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Catla fingerlings’ weighing average weight (31.36±1.26 g) was selected for further transportation experiment. Catla catla fingerlings were packed at two densities, 25 g/l (optimum) and 50 g/l (double of the optimum) of ten replicates each for 6 h ,12 h,18 h and 24 h respectively in polyethylene bags of dimensions (L-77.8 cm x B-40 cm), which were filled with 5 liters water, i.e., 1/3rd water and 2/3rd oxygen. The samples were regularly collected at CIFE Aquaculture Wet Laboratory at every 6 h (i.e., 6, 12, 18 and 24 h) intervals for taking blood for estimation of stress parameter i.e. NBT test of catla fingerlings. The vehicle was continuously running for 24 hrs in and around Mumbai from 8.00 A.M to 8.00 A.M. covering a distance of about 640 Km. It was observed that NBT test value got drastically changed is a good indicator of stress during transportation of Catla catla fingerlings packed at high density and increasing transportation duration. Hence, 25 g/l was the optimum packing density of Catla catla fingerlings for 24hrs duration. It was also concluded that increase in packing density resulted in increase of stress. There was a decreasing trend of NBT test value in both packing densities as the duration of time increased. There was a statistical significant interaction between the packing density (i.e., 25g/l and 50g/l) and transportation period (i.e., 0h, 6h, 12h, 18h and 24h) on NBT value . In case of double the optimum density results, it was found that up to 12hrs, this density was optimum and after that the stress parameter NBT value . Key words: Catla catla, fingerling, transportation, stress, NBT test

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Alfoldy P, Lemmel EM. 1979 Reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium for functional evaluation of activated macrophages in the cell-mediated immune reaction. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology ;12(3):263-70. Alvarez-Pellitero P. 2008 Fish immunity and parasite infections: From innate immunity to immunoprophylactic prospects. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology DEC 15;126(3-4):171-98. APHA-AWWA-WEF.,1998. Standard Methods for examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association; New York, pp. 1193. Babior B.M. 1999. The production and use of reactive oxidants by phagocytes. In: ”Colton” ”Gilbert”, editor. Reactive oxygen species in biological systems. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers;. p 503. Baehner RL, Nathan DG. 1968 Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium test in chronic granulomatous disease. The New England Journal of Medicine May 2;278(18):971-6. Barton ,B.A. and Iwama,G.K. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effect of corticosteroids Annu.Rev.Fish Dis.1,3-26.

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SURPRISING, THOUGHT PROVOKING & MIND-BLOWING VISIONS OF TOMORROW

Ramesh Bhanudas Jaybhaye

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14462 - 14470

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Women writers have made an amazing contribution to literature, science and culture. Present study highlights amazing postmodern science fiction by women writers’ noteworthy literature like Beggars in Spain (1991), by Nancy Kress, The Shore of Women (1986), by Pamela Sargent, and The Daughter That Bleeds (2020), by Shewta Taneja. The study also explores how inferiority and superiority complex plays a vital role in human life for their eternal development? All men and women are not created equal. Everyone can feel engendering feelings of equality and excellence. Devastating nuclear war empower women to come in power in the world, they explored their ideas and dared to reject men power. Women worship fantasy goddesses in shrine. However, whenever they are exiled, they became rebellious and created their own world and fought for equality. Women also raise voices against their oppression and suppression. They have been oppressed for decades; the study focuses on traditional, modern and postmodern female voices accordingly and raises some introspective questions like, is there a voice behind closed doors? Does postmodern literature explore and enhance female voices? Even though women are educated, organized and agitated their voices are suppressed and oppressed. Women writers in postmodern science fiction raise voices against patriarchal societies across the globe. Science fiction has a vital role in the lives of all human beings and relationships. The selected women writer’s works stressed on suppressed inner female voices. Keywords: postmodern science fiction, post-apocalyptic India, oppression, power, equality.

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Kress, Nancy. Beggars in Spain. United States. William Morrow and Company. 1993. Sargent, Pamela. The Shore of Women. United States. Crown Publishers. 1986.

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ROLE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MIT) FOR ENHANCING TEACHING-LEARNING IN PANDEMIC OUTBREAK

Rekha Nariwal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 14471 - 14480

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Modern Information Technologies (MIT) age becomes an era of enhancing the knowledge providing sound and unmatched feasibility for discovery, exchange of information, communication and exploration to strengthen the teaching learning process. Modern Information Technologies (MIT) help in promoting opportunities of knowledge sharing throughout the world. The present conceptual research focused on the study is to discuss the Modern Information Technology (MIT) for enhancing teaching-learning in pandemic outbreak. Modern Information Technology (MIT) and teaching-learning are an important aspect in education system. Now a days Modern Information Technology (MIT) playing a very vital role in human life because with connection in the daily Teaching-Learning Process. The vital roles of technology in education are that Students and teachers can interact very well and teachers can serve all study material through online mode, so that students can better understand the topics and solve the problem. Modern Information Technology (MIT) approaches modern classroom, Smart classes, which primarily focus on improvising the performance of every student. Modern Information Technology (MIT) has bought about many dramatic changes in how teachers teach and how students learn. Education use Modern Information Technology (MIT) to design and assess learning activities, to communicate with students and the interactive education for continuous development. The present paper focused on the study of Modern Information Technology (MIT) for enhancing teaching-learning in pandemic outbreak with prime objectives are (i) To understand the concept of Modern Information Technology (MIT). (ii) To analyses the role of Modern Information Technology (MIT) in Teaching-Learning Process in pandemic outbreak. (iii) To analyses the role of Modern Information Technology (MIT) in Teaching-Learning Process in pandemic outbreak. The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observations and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites etc. Key Words: Modern Information Technology (MIT), Teaching-Learning, Pandemic Outbreak

Aggarwal, A. (2000). Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges. London; Idea Group Publishing. Dutta, Indrajeet & Dutta, Neeti. (2012). Blended Learning; A pedagogical Approach to teach in Smart Classrooms. Edutracks; A monthly Scanner of Trends in Education Husain, Noushad (2012). Wiki as a teaching & learning Tool. Edutracks; a monthly Scanner of Trends in Education.

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THE BUDDHIST ETHICS AND POLITY: A STUDY ON ASOKA EDICTS

Kirtiraj D. C.

Received Date: 15/10/2020 | Accepted Date: 31/10/2020 | Published Date: 01/11/2020

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13323 - 13334

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The Mauryan Empire reached its height during King Asoka’s regime from around 269 to 232 B.C.E. after a brutal and bloody battle of Kalinga. The War of Kalinga proved to be a turning point for Asoka, since, then after, he rejected violence and embraced Buddhism. The history of Asoka and his towering personality remain hidden for more than 700 years after his demised. It was in the 19 century, British civil servants and officers not only rediscovered Buddhism but also many legendary histories and biographies. One such legendary personality was the most powerful and exemplary king Asoka. His edicts are the historical documents about his rule, his administration and the society existing at that time.At present we have information about more than 33 major and minor edicts built by Asoka spread all over India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The Asokan edicts are mainly inscribed on rocks, stone pillars and walls of the caves and are concern with his administrative reforms and the moral principles recommended to the common people at large. Theseedicts can be broadly classified on the basis of its content or inscriptions into four categories namely edicts concerning about the Buddhist values and ethics that is about the teaching of Buddha regarding how to live arighteous and moral life. The second category of the edicts talks about the welfare of the people and the administrative measures taken by the King Asoka to look after his people. The third category of the edicts is all about the fair justice, equality in treatment in court and jails and the forth category of edicts are the assurance by the King Asoka to the public about his duty to protect them from the foreign invaders. Why King Asoka erected these edicts? What was the purpose of these edicts? Firstly, he was a ruler of the vast empire with many provinces which he had to look after. Secondly he was desirous of imbibing the teaching of Buddha without imposing on the people. As a king, it was not possible for him to visit all his territories hence; he erected pillars, raised stone slabs and carved out his proclamations. This had brought to him closer to the common people and kept continues rapport with them. As a King he was personally in touch with his subjects instead of depending on and handing them over to his administrative staff. In a rock edict at Kalinga he said, “All men are my children,” whereas in another edict he said, “King is just like a father”. This shows his personal involvement with the people and their welfare (Murti and Aaiyangar, 1950). The present paper is an attempt to study, revisit and highlight the principles of Buddhist ethics that had a great influenced on the personality of King Asoka, his polity and administration and his contribution to the Indian culture and civilisation. Keywords: Asoka, Buddhist Ethics and Asoka edicts.

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SHANTATA SHIKSHAN ANI SHIKSHAK SHIKSHAN

Vishwasrao Sharad Hari

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13335 - 13341

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ZADIPATI PRADESHATIL SANGET SHIKSHNACHI STITHI, SAMSYA ANI UPAYYOJNA

ASMITA NANOTI

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13342 - 13347

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APPLICATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT COMPOSITE MATERIAL IN I C ENGINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER: A TECHNICAL REVIEW

Mahesh M. Chudasama

Received Date: 15/10/2020 | Accepted Date: 31/10/2020 | Published Date: 01/11/2020

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13348 - 13365

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Higher demands on emission norms, revolt fuel prices, more precise requirements in the field of the vehicle emissions increasing the pressure on the engine manufacturers to utilise technologies which contribute to a reduction in the emissions and require internal combustion engines to be optimized with respect to their frictional losses and wear. In this study, a complete literatures review of ceramic coating (TBCs) applications in Internal combustion engines Chamber performed to select a proper type and to find coating effects. The Thermal Barrier coating technique has effects on the brake specific fuel consumption, brake power and the Emission characteristic, pollution contents and the Thermal fatigue lifetime of engine components. By using plasma thermal spray method there are several benefits by applying ceramic layers on the combustion chamber, including the piston, the cylinder head, the cylinder block, and intake and exhaust valves. In this article, Literature survey carried out on the basis of reference books, conference volume and Research paper. The details about coating materials, coating methods and researcher results and their conclusions are discussed in depth with facts and figure based on presented articles.

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ANALOG FILTERS - BUTTERWORTH HIGH PASS FILTERS- A NUMERICAL STUDY OBTAINED FROM APPROXIMATE METHODS

B Ravi Kumar & G Manikya Rao

Received Date: 15/10/2020 | Accepted Date: 31/10/2020 | Published Date: 01/11/2020

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13366 - 13380

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In this paper the characteristics of filters for which the Butter- worth high pass filter approximation is applied are numerically estimated . The magnitude and phase responses of each of the above approximate filter of different orders are studied and the results presented and discussed. The classical Butter worth high-pass filter approximations can be used in the design of analog and IIR digital filters in such a way as to obtain passband, stopband and transition band optimized filters at no order cost. The exact analytical relationships for such an optimal deployment of these approximations are developed and presented in this paper

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JAL-POOJA KI VAIDIK PARMPARA

Dr. Raj Kumar

Received Date: 15/10/2020 | Accepted Date: 31/10/2020 | Published Date: 01/11/2020

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13381 - 13386

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EFFECT OF CULTURE FILTRATE OF ALGAE ON SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX. L.) PLANTS

Seema Bodkhe

Received Date: 15/10/2020 | Accepted Date: 31/10/2020 | Published Date: 01/11/2020

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2020 | Volume/Issue:8/61 | Page No.: 13387 - 13394

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The present study investigates the effect of algal culture filtrates on plant growth and development. Algal filtrates are known to contain various bioactive compounds, including phytohormones, vitamins, and other growth-promoting substances, which may enhance plant growth. In this study, different treatments (T1, T2, and T3) were applied, and their effects on root length, shoot length, total seedling length, and dry weight were evaluated at 15, 30, and 45 days after sowing (DAS). The results revealed a significant improvement in all growth parameters in treated plants compared to the control. The increase in growth parameters may be attributed to the presence of growth-regulating substances such as auxins in the algal filtrates. The study highlights the potential of algal culture filtrates as eco-friendly biostimulants for enhancing plant growth.