An Internationl Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Sep - Oct, 2012, Vol-1/2

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ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2012-11-04

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JOB SATISFACTION OF IN-SERVICE TEACHER TRAINEES: A STUDY

Kallave Maheshwar G.

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 1 - 5

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Job satisfaction has been the most frequently investigated variable in organizational behavior (Spector, 1997). Job satisfaction varies and researchers, for example Peretomode (1991) and Whawo (1993), have suggested that the higher the prestige of the job, the greater the job satisfaction. Many workers, however, are satisfied in even the least prestigious jobs. That is, they simply like what they do. In any case, job satisfaction is as individual as one’s feelings or state of mind.
Job satisfaction can be influenced by a variety of factors, for example, the quality of one’s relationship with their supervisor, the quality of the physical environment in which they work, the degree of fulfillment in their work, etc. However, there is no strong acceptance among researchers, consultants, etc., that increased job satisfaction produces improved job performance. In fact, improved job satisfaction can sometimes decrease job performance (McNamara, [n.d]; War, 1998).
Key Words: Job Satisfaction, In-service Teacher Trainees 


Bishay, A (1996), Teacher Motivation and Career Satisfaction: A Study Employing the Experienced Sampling Method. Psychology Journal of Undergraduate Science, 3: 147-154. Firestone, W. A., & Pennel, J. R. (1993). Teacher commitment, working conditions and differential incentive policies. Review of Educational Research, 63 (4), pp. 489-525 Hoy, W. K. & Miskel, C. G. (1987). Educational Administration: Theory, Research and Practice.New York: Random House. Johnson, S. M. (1990). Teachers at work. New York: Basic Books. Lacy, F. J & Sheehan, B. A (1997), Job Satisfaction among Academic Staff: An International Perspective: Higher Education 34: 305-322 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Ma, X. and MacMillan, R.B. (1999), Influence of Workplace Conditions on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction. The Journal of Educational Research, 93 (1), 39-47.

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CAREER ASPIRATIONS AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT

Letha N.C

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 6 - 17

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The dominating task during the adolescent years is the achievement of a sense of personal identity to know oneself, to commit oneself to carefully explored beliefs, purposes and values and to move into adulthood with a sense of responsibility for ones’ choices. It is also a time when decisions regarding ones’ career are made. The present study was intended to investigate the career aspirations of adolescents. The sample of the study comprised of two hundred senior secondary school students namely from class XI studying in various private, Government, Government aided and Central Government schools of New Delhi selected through convenient sampling. The tool used was a self-constructed questionnaire comprising of 65 agree-disagree statements on a 5-1 Likert scale. The scores indicated that class XI students belonging to private, Government, Government aided and Central Government schools of New Delhi had high career aspirations. Their career aspirations differed with respect to type of schools. However no significant statistical difference in career aspirations between boys and girls could be noticed.
Key words: Adolescents; career aspirations; vocational development; senior secondary level. 
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Altman,J. H (1997). Career Development in the Context of family experiences. In diversity and women's career development: from adolescence to adulthood, edited by Helen S. Farmer, pp. 229-242. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Armstrong,P.I.& Crombie, G.(2000).Compromises in adolescent’s aspirations and expectations from grades 8-10. Journal of vocational behaviour,56 82-98. Barber, B. K., & Olsen, J. A. (2004). Assessing the transition to middle and high school. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, 3–30. Buhler,C (1937). From birth to maturity in Outline of the psychological development of the child. London: Kegan-Paul Crosnoe, R. (2001). Academic orientation and parental involvement during high school. Sociology of Education, 74, pp. 10-230. Flum, H., & Blustein, D.L. (2000). Reinvigorating the study of vocational exploration: A framework for research. Journal of vocational Behavior, 56, pp.380-404 Ginzberg, E. (1952). Toward a theory of occupational choice. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 30, pp.8-494.

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CHILD’S TRANSITION TO FIRST GRADE (PRIMARY LEVEL) : MOTHERS’ PERCEPTION

Rege Kamini & Maru D.

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 18 - 28

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A positive experience with early transitions, serves as a model for future transitions in children. Outcomes of parental involvement show, children achieve higher grades, better attendance; have positive attitudes, higher graduation rates. Mothers as compared to fathers are more involved in child’s schooling. The objective was to ascertain the perception of mothers’ regarding: a) challenges faced by the child and the mother; b) strategies to overcome challenges during the transition process from preschool to first standard (primary school). The samples of 50 mothers were interviewed. Results revealed that a) challenges faced by the child were categorized as follows:a) academic aspects; b) behavioural aspects; c) class structure; d) expectations from the primary level; e) school schedule; f) co-curricular activities and g) peers; b) challenges faced by mothers included: difficulty in understanding child’s writing, child lacks sleep, school refusal; difficulties in attending parent-teacher meetings; c) the mothers’ suggested, e.g. the preschool and primary school staff could hold meetings and orientation sessions to introduce parents and child to the expectations of the school. This would foster positive relationships, collaborating with school, help children feel that their school and family are linked; thereby facilitate a smooth transition from preschool to first standard (primary school).
Keywords: Transition, Mother’s Role, Family/Parent Involvement, Role of School 
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Belsky, J. and MacKinnon, C. (1994). Transition to school: Developmental trajectories and school experiences. Early Education and Development, 5 (2), 106-119. Broadhead. (1995). In Dunlop (2002) Transitions in the Early Years: Debating Continuity and Progression. Cowan, P. A., Cowan, C. P., Schulz, M. C. and Heming, G. (1994) Prebirth to preschool family factors in children’s adaptation to kindergarten. In R. D. Parke and S. Kellam (Eds.), Exploring family relationships with othersocial contexts. Hilldale, NJ: Erlbaum. Delgado Gaitan, C. (1990). Discussant's comments on Dropouts: Context and meaning. In H. Trueba & G. & L. Spindler (Eds.), What do anthropologists have to say about dropouts? (pp. 93-98). London: Falmer Press. Dockett, S. and Perry, B. (2004) ‘Starting school in Australia is ‘a bit safer, a lot easier and more relaxing’: issues for families and children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds’ in Early Years. 25(3) pp. 271-281. Entwisle, R. and Alexander, H. (1998). Public school choice: National trends and initiatives. Trenton, NJ: New Jersey Department of Education. Fabian, (2000).Children Starting School. London: David Fulton Publishers. Featherstone, S. (2004), Smooth Transitions. Nursery World, 27 May 2004. Fisher, J. (1996), Starting from the Child. Buckingham: Open University Press. Goldenberg, C. N., and Gallimore, R. (1991). "Local knowledge, research knowledge, and educational change: A case study of early Spanish reading improvement." Educational Researcher, (November), 2-14.

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READING PRACTICES AMONG VISUALLY IMPAIRED

Vijay Shankar Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 29 - 39

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Approximately three thousand years ago alphabets came into use after many years of search and experiments. By contrast, a tactile version of the alphabet which could be read by blind people was not invented until just over around two hundred years ago and a means of writing was not evolved until 1821 (Irwin, 1970). Among many scripts Braille is the most accepted scripts but unfortunately reading rate of this script is slowing down. The present paper was an attempt to find out the problem areas and to develop a program for improving reading speed of Braille.
Key Words: Braille, reading behavior, tactile script, teaching-learning Braille, proper Braille reading. 
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Chauhan, R.S. (1992). Chronological development of educational services for the visually handicapped. In Bahuguna, S.P. (ed.) Handbook for the Teachers of the Visually Handicapped, pp.1-12. Dehradun: NIVH. Christine, A. (1998) Braille dyslexia: Does is exist? British Journal of Visual Impairment, 16(2), 61-64. Gayle, L. (1998) Dots for tots: Emergent literacy and Braille reading. British Journal of Visual Impairment, 16(3), 111-115. Heinze, T. (1986) Communication skills. In G.T. Scholl (ed.) Foundations of education for blind and visually handicapped children and youth: Theory and practice. (pp.301-314). New York: AFB Press.

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CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED TO IMPROVE EDUCATIONAL ACCESS, QUALITY AND EQUITY IN KENYA

Redempta Kiilu, David M. Mulwa & Catherine N. Musau

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 40 - 51

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The declarations of the 1990 Jomtien World Conference on Education and the 2000 Dakar World Education Forum both emphasized that to achieve Education for All (EFA) by 2015 , in addition to increased access to education, all countries would require to improve the quality and equity of education so that recognized and measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all. Ministries of education worldwide fully agree with this interpretation of the EFA mission, Kenya included. However, many educational planners in developing countries have raised two related questions: firstly, when resources are scarce, can greater improvements in the performance of a population of students be made by focusing these resources on a limited section of the population? Secondly, would it be better to spread these resources thinly across the whole student population? The issues leave planners in a dilemma, and suggest that there might be an inherent trade-off situation that operates in education systems between the average level of student learning outcomes and their equitable distribution.
Key Words: Access, Education, Effectiveness, Equity, Quality 
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GOK, (2008). First Medium Term Plan 2008–2012. Nairobi: Office of the Prime Minister and Ministry of State for Planning, National Development and Vision 2030. GOK, (2007). Kenya Vision 2030: A globally competitive and prosperous Kenya. Nairobi: Government Printer. Kathuri, J. and Juma J., (2007). Making Low Income Schools Relevant. The Inter Region Economic Network (IREN). Nairobi: Kenya. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, (2009). Economic Survey 2009. Nairobi: The Government Printer. Keriga, J. (2009). An Evaluation and Profile of Education in Kenya. Development Policy Management Forum (DPMF). Nairobi: Kenya.

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DIGITAL LIBRARY INITIATIVES AT TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

Hindurao Waydande & Shilpa Waghchoure

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 52 - 58

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Revolution in Information Communication Technology in the past decades had drastic and far-reaching impacts on all aspects of human life. Digital Libraries and Knowledge Management are the key areas that are still coming up in the developing countries and have a great potential to become an important technology in knowledge creation and its management. Digital libraries are providing a bridge between academic disciplines in arts and sciences, teacher education, and K-12 education. Methods and resources that are transforming college instruction can also be used to elevate K-12 teaching and learning. Effective use of these instructional methods requires a dual knowledge of content related to a specific discipline and an understanding of the pedagogy required making use of new instructional tools and resources. Teachers must be explicitly prepared to use these methods and resources. The present paper is an attempt to adhere the initiatives of Digital library for Teacher Education.
Keywords: Information Communication Technology, Digital Library, Teacher Education. 
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Anuradha, K.T. 2007. Design and development of institutional repositories: A case study. The InternationalInformation & Library Review 37(3): 169–178. Arora, J. 2004. Network enabled digitized collection at the central library, IIT Delhi. The International Information & Library Review 36(1): 1–11. Bhattacharya, P. 2004. Advances in digital library initiatives:a developing country perspective. The InternationalInformation & Library Review 36(3): 165–175. Das, A.K. and B. Dutta. 2004. An introduction to auditing and control of digital library systems. Annals of Library and Information Studies 51(3): 99–103. Fox, E.A., R.M. Akscyn, R.K. Furuta and J.J. Leggett. 1995. Digital Libraries. Communications of ACM 38(4):23–28. Giri, B. 2006. Digitization: The force to remove the darkness of information hiding. SRELS Journal ofInformation Management 43(2): 163–169. Jain, P.K. 2003. Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) maintained research institutes libraries in India: Towards digitization and networking. The International Information & Library Review 35(2-4): 217– 232. Kar, D.C. and M. Seadle. 2004. International conference on digital libraries 2004 Conference. Library HiTech News 21(5): 3–7.

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TRUANT BEHAVIOUR IN RELATION TO SELF CONCEPT

Balbir Singh Jamwal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 59 - 62

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A study was conducted on truant behaviour in relation to self concept. Sample of the study was consisted 1000 of truant (500) and non-truant (500) of high school students. A technique of stratified random sampling was employed to select the sample. The findings revealed that the non-truant high school students exhibit significantly higher level of self concept on its social, moral and total self concept dimensions in comparison to truant high school students. Truant and non-truant high school students exhibit more or less similar level of self concept on its physical, temperamental, educational and intellectual dimensions.
Key Words: Truant Behavior, Self Concept 
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Burt, Cyril Sir (1995). The young Delinquent, London: Press Ltd. Warwick Square, E.C.4, pp.455-457. Chauhan, N.S.(1965). Truancy Among School –Going Boys. Agra: Sri Ram Mehra & Co., pp.1-5 Dosajh, N.L. (1956). Delinquency with Particular Reference to School in Punjab. Jullundur: Punjab Kitab Ghar (Regd.) Educational Publishes Jullundur, pp.38-39 Galloway, David.(1983). Research Note: Truants and Other Absentees. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. Vol.24(4), 607-611. In Psychological Abstracts, 71(1), 1984, p.262, Sr. No.2516. Gibbs, Ronn. L (1997). An Analysis of the Influence of Gand Membership on Truancy and School Dropout, p.123. In Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol.57, No.12, June 1997, pp.4996-A-4997-A. Gleeson, Denis (1994). Wagging, Bobbing and Bunking Off: An Alternative View. Educational Review, Vol.46(1), 15-19. In Psychological Abstracts, 81(7), 1994, p.3297, Sr. No.27524.

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EDUCATIONAL INTEREST OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR SEX, STREAM & ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: A STUDY

Taruna Malhotra

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 63 - 70

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The present study aims to investigate the educational interest of senior secondary school students in relation to their sex, stream & academic achievement. Sample included 200 senior secondary school students of Rohtak city in Haryana. For obtaining the data, Educational Interest Record by Kulshreshtha was used. The findings of the study suggest that there exists significant difference between the Educational Interest of male and female students and also there lies significant difference between the Educational interest of Humanities and Science students but no significant difference between the Educational Interest of low achievers and high achievers group of students was found.
Key Words: Educational Interest, Senior Secondary School Students, Sex, Stream and Academic Achievement 
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Corno et al., (2002). Beyond IQ: A Model of Academic Competence & Motivation (MACM) - Kevin McGrew, Ph.D. Corno et al, (2002); Eccles &Wigfield,(2002),http://www.iapsych.com/acmcewok Gottfredson, L. S. (1981). Circumscription and compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations. Journal of Counseling Psychology (Monograph), 28 (6), 545-579, Krapp A, (1998a, 1998b). Interest, motivation and learning: An educational-psychological perspective European Journal of Psychology of Education Volume 14, Number 1, Krapp, A., & Winteler, A. (1992). Interest as a predictor of academic achievement: A meta-analysis of research. The role of interest in learning and development (pp. 183-212). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

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CRITICAL THINKING IN COLLABORATIVE CLASSROOM

Amrita Pritinanda

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 71 - 80

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This paper investigates the role of collaborative learning in secondary English class in the capital city of Orissa, Bhubaneswar and reports the findings of the study regarding critical thinking. Non-randomized two group pre-test post-test design had been employed for the experiment. Two sections of class IX in 3 schools (256 students) were assigned to experimental and control group separately. Instructional tools like lesson plans on collaborative learning approach were prepared by the researcher for interventions. Critical Thinking test was used for the students to assess their learning achievement after the intervention. ANCOVA was used to assess the progress in the subject from the pre-test to the post-test. The tools prepared by the investigator had been used. It is shown that the experimental group had a more positive attitude and enhancement in critical thinking in English learning by the end of the intervention.
Key Words: Collaborative Learning and Critical Thinking. 
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Bruffee, Kenneth A. (1994). “The Art of Collaborative Learning: Making the Most of Knowledgeable Peers.” Change 26.3.: 39-44. Cooper. (1995). Teaching Strategies to Help Promote Critical Thinking. Teaching of Psychology,22(1). Gokhale, A.A. (1995). Collaborative Learning Enhances Critical Thinking. Journal of Technology Education, 7(1), 22-29. Michaelsen,L.K.and Robert,H.B.(1994)."Building Learning Teams: The Key to Harnessing the Power of Small Groups in Higher Education." Growth Partners,1-18. Ney, J.W.(1991). Collaborative Learning in Grammar Classes. Innovative Higher Education,vol.15,, No.2, 153-165.

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RELATIONSHIP OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS WITH EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY

KAVITA

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 81 - 90

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The present study has been undertaken to find the relationship of academic performance of prospective teachers with their emotional intelligence and creativity. A sample consisted of 842 prospective teachers was taken from teacher education colleges affiliated to Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. The data was analyzed by using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Two-way Analysis of Variance. The study revealed that there was positive and significant relationship exists between academic performance and emotional intelligence of prospective teachers. It was also found that there was no relationship between academic performance and creativity of prospective teachers but there was significant difference in academic performance of scheduled caste and not scheduled caste prospective teachers in relation to their creativity.
Key Words: Relationship, Academic Performance, Emotional Intelligence, Creativity 
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Bikar, S., Talip, R.B. (2011). Relationship Between Figural Creativity and Academic Achievement: A Survey among Form Four Students (GRED 10) in Few Secondary Schools in Rural Aera Sabah, 5th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, INTED2011 Proceedings, 2459-2467. Brar, H. S., & Kaur, P. (2011). A Study of Relationship Between Learning Outcomes and Emotional Intelligence of Adolescents. Researcher's Tendem , 2(5), 3-13. Estrada, C.A., Isen, A.M. & Young, M.J. (1994). Positive Affect Improves Creative Problem Solving and Influences Reported Source of Practice Satisfaction in Physicians. Motivation and Emotion, 18, 285-299. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantham Books.

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EMPOWERING TEACHER EDUCATION FOR BETTER TOMORROW

Asawari Bhave - Gudipudi & Pornima Kadam

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 91 - 97

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Indian educational system is at the threshold of dynamic change. With Right to Education act being implemented; all the educational institutions are under the purview to provide quality education and the education which will fulfill needs of the students as well as the society. Thus, there is need to reorient the educational process based on this new vision, new values and new hopes. There is need to cater to the in-service and continuous professional development of all educators to provide quality education to all. In this paper the authors have tried to suggest new ideas to reorient the educational process based on new vision, new values and new hopes. For this the authors have taken reviews of the past situations and then they tried to suggest reforms which are main focus of this paper these reforms are in the form of structural reforms, curricular and transactional reforms and administrative reforms which the authors think will be helpful to reconstruct teacher education.
Keywords: teacher education- empowerment -reforms 
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Buch, M. B. (1997). "5th Survey of Educational Research (1988-92)". Vol. I, NCERT, New Delhi. Clark, R.E. (1983). "Reconsidering research on learning from media". Review of educational research Vol-53, No. 4: PP 445-59. Creed, Chalotte (2001). "The use of distance education for teachers". Report for DFID, International Research Foundation for Open Learning, London. Harichandan, D (2000). "Teacher Education in Maharashtra". in Teacher Education in India, selection from University News, Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi. Joshi, Vibha & et al." In-Service Training of Primary School Teachers through Distance Mode: IGNOU Experience". Khan, Riaz Shakir (1998). "NCTE Initiatives for Quality Teacher Education", NCTE, New Delhi.

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STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES IN DISTANCE LEARNING SYSTEMS

Jaspal Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 106 - 107

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This paper is about student support services in distance learning systems in India. At first a traditional view on the topic of education is given. Then mass education and their specific problems are discussed. The difference between the traditional and the mass education under the view of student support and distance learning is described and discussed. In the main part of this paper two e-learning systems are described and their student support is discussed. At the end of this paper a small conclusion discussing the two systems and the situation in e-learning platforms today in general. Keywords: Students, distance, learning, e-learning, student support, mass education 
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Moodle–Homepage“Moodle–Wiki”,wiki-siteaboutmoodle,http://docs.moodle.org/en/About_ Moodle (April 2007) Presentation “Didactic in Informatics” (March 2007), by Paier Michael, Andreas Hofleitner, Ulrich Pöschl. Author Paier Michael Bachelor of Science (since 2006), Student at the Vienna University of Technology since 2002.

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EFFECT OF CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY ON ACHIEVEMENT IN RELATION TO INTELLIGENCE

Sonia Sharma & Gurmeet Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 111 - 120

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The student population as whole is already an exceptionally heterogeneous one and promises to become much more than at present. In the complex world importance of method of teaching can not be neglected or over looked. Some students seek simple method other the complex some are interested in known others in unknown. In this study, researcher study the effect of concept mapping strategy on the learning out come of students of 9th class in relation to intelligence and study habits. The sample for this study comprised 200 students of 9th class one group was randomly assigned to experimental group and other group constituted control group. The students from experimental group were taught through concept mapping strategy. The result of study shows that concept mapping strategy were significantly superior to traditional method in teaching retention of Social Studies.
Key Words: Concept Mapping Strategy, Achievement, Intelligence. 
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Alude OO and Onelemhemben P.F. (2001). The effect of study habits counseling on the academic performance of secondary school students in English Language. Journal of Research and Extension. Vol. 3893) 17-27. Alvermann, D.E, & Boothy, P.R. (1983). A preliminary investigation of the Differences in Children's Retention of inconsiderate text. Reading Psychology, 4(4), 237-246. Alvermann. D.E. & Boothy P.R. (1986). Children's transfer of graphic organizer instruction. Reading Psychology, 7 (2), 87-100. Bajwa, H.S. (1998). A study of Academic Achievement in Physics in relation to Intelligence, Creativity, Attitude, School Grade and their Achievement in mathematics in Saudi Arabia. OHIO University Pro-quest Dissertation Abstracts//WWW. Lib. Uni. Com.” Best, J.W. and Kahn, J.V. (1992). Research in Education. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

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ROLE OF ICT IN HRM FOR SELECT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES IN PUNE

Sunita D. Patil

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 121 - 125

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A study on Role of information and communication technology in human resource management for manufacturing industries it is necessary In particular, they anticipate that ICT will affect accounting, logistics and customer relationships. Using information communication technology in the manufacturing industry should be monitored and they should anticipate rather than to react to technological change. They should organize training and retraining for their members that are affected or likely to be affected by technological change. The present management methods have created a path, lowered productivity and create lack co-operation and crisis between workers and management. Technology change should be complemented with good employment relations practice to enable employers and employees to benefit from technological change
Keywords: Information communication technology, Human Resources Management. 
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DIPAK KUMAR BHATTACHARYYA, Human Resource Research Methods 2) DR ANJALI GHANEKAR, Human Resource Management Managing Personnel the HRD way 3) Dr. Yunus Adeleke Dauda Australian Journal of Business and Management Research Vol.1 No.5 [32-43] | August-2011 TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN LAGOS STATE OF NIGERIA. 4) GARY DESSLER,P303-309,Human Resource management 5) Gajarag Dhanarajan , OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF ICTS 6) LUIS.R.GOMEZ MEJIA DAVID B. BALKIN, ROBERT L. CARDY, 305-310. Managing Human Resources 7) P.SUBBA RAO,P 459-463- Personnel and HRM 8) SRINIVAS R. KANDULA, HRM in Practice 9) Sachin kadam & Baliram mutagekar (2011).Information Technology in human Resource Domain Vol 4.Num:3 April 10) VSP RAO, 58-60, Human Resources Management. Text and cases.- 11) A survey carried out for ICT Agency of Sri Lanka by MG Consultants (Pvt) Ltd.

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STATUS OF EDUCATION IN MANIPUR

Kashung Zingran Kengoo

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 126 - 141

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This article discuss to the status of education in Manipur, the poor condition of functioning educational institute and its causes. It compares the adopted educational policies and the activities taken up by the concerned primary and secondary stakeholders in the state. Besides, this article explored the unique-negate forms of providing education, where the students are deprived from the Constitutional rights, ‘Right to Education’ in the state.”
Keywords: education; policy; errors: teacher; conflicts; student 
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INTEGRATED WEB BASED CURRICULUM TECHNOLOGY IN PRESENT EDUCATION SYSTEM

T. Manichander

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 142 - 145

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The demand for online curriculum development has been increase in the current educational system. Teachers as well as curriculum developers stumble upon challenges and opportunities in developing effective curriculum. The main purpose of this paper is to concentrate on the beneficial use of integrated web based technology into the development and designing of curriculum in the educational system. This technology provides more flexible, motivational and effective curriculum. Keywords: Integrated Web Based Technology, Curriculum, Educational System. 
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Bloom, B.S., “TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: HANDBOOK 1”, Cognitive Domain, New York, Longman, 1956. Cuban, L. “THE HIDDEN VARIABLE: HOW ORGANIZATIONS INFLUENCE TEACHER RESPONSES TO SECONDARY SCIENCE CURRICULUM REFORM”, Theory Into Practice, Vol. 34, No. 1, 4-11. (1995).

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VIRTUAL LEARNING TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW

Sudhir Sudam Kaware

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 146 - 149

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This article traces some of the ways that IT has changed and continues to change our lives, and how information and communication technologies or ICT’s are changing learning in schools. In these recent days schools are updating their teaching methodology with the help of technologies. The major focus of the paper is on virtual learning, a term that combines pedagogy and technology. Virtual learning includes synchronous and asynchronous ways of learning. Some world/international schools are using these technologies for better learning. This article concluded that virtual learning technology is emerging widely in the schools.
Keywords: ICT, Virtual learning technology [VLT], pedagogy 
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Aggarwal, J.C. (2006). Educational Technology and Management (3rd ed.). Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra-2,pg 18,78. Hrastinski, Stefan. (2008). A study of asynchronous and synchronous e-learning methods discovered that each supports different purposes vol. 31 no.4, oct-dec. 2008, from EDUCAUSE QUARTERLY. Maniar, Avani and Mehta, Shivani. (2008).Development of a website-Second Innings, University News 46(13), October, 01, 2008, Pg.09. Rice, John [2006]. The (Virtual) Classroom of Tomorrow, published in the spring, 2006 issue of TechEdge, the journal for the Texas Computer Education Association. Singh, Sandhya [2011]. Virtual Learning Environment: An Overview, Technolearn, vol.01, no01, June 2011, pg.87-94. Thomas, Barbara Bernal [2003]. The Virtual Classroom Experiences, 33rd ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, November 5-8, 2003, Boulder, CO

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MANAGING GLOBAL CHANGES THROUGH SME

Mousumi Majumdar, Vasanth Kiran & Krishna Kishore

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 150 - 161

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The 21st century is touted to be the Asian age, belonging to China and India. India was viewed predominantly as a poor developing country and had a low visibility on the global political and especially global economic front. But, change is natural. Change is inevitable. However, since the last decade India appears to be writing a dynamic new future for itself. Since the economic liberalization of the 1990s, which lead to growth rates of 6-7 percent p.a., India\'s global presence has been steadily visible. Two issues are shaping India’s rise – the political dividend it has garnered as the world’s largest democracy and its growing economic status, which, according to projections, will cause it to emerge, along with China, as a key economic driver of the future. This paper focusses on strategy or the political and economic values the new evolving India endorses in the context of global governance. This paper highlights promotion of SME sector as the solution to the change in the socio-economic changes that a nation goes through.
Keywords: SME, Global Change, Globalization, Strategy, Policy. 
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Anthony, WP, Perrewe, PL & Kacmar, KM (1996) Strategic Human Resource Management, 2nd edition, The Dryden Press, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Florida. Bhagwati, J. and P. Desai (1970): India: Planning for Industrialization, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Bhavani, T.A. (1991a): Factor substitution and factor demand in Indian Small Enterprise: A case study of Metal Products, Artha Vijnana 33, 41-45. Bhavani, T.A. (1992): Small Industry Policy, (mimeo.) Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth. Caudron, S. (1999) ‘Nothing's trivial about people issues’, Workforce, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 23-26. CII Report: Enhancing role of SMEs in Indian defence industry. Retrived from http://www.cii.in/webcms/Upload/Enhancing%20role%20of%20SMEs%20in%20Indian%20defence%20industry1.pdf (accessed on 29th July, 2012) Chaudhuri, S (2001): Economic reforms and industrial structure in India, Economic and Political Weekly, January 12, 2001. Curran, J & Blackburn, R. A. (2001) Researching the Small Enterprise, Sage Publications, London.

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FAMILY COUNSELING AS A HELPING RELATIONSHIP

Shikha Dhall

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 162 - 169

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As people become increasingly enmeshed in the lifestyle accruing from the scientific age, the psychological consequences and behaviour become more complex. As people begin to realize the potential for a fuller life that modern technology can provide, they also become aware of the inadequacies of many existing institutions and practices, beliefs and codes of conduct accepted by themselves and their forefathers at an earlier age. As a consequence, while more people hope for a better life, there is simultaneously a feeling of frustration and anxiety that they themselves may not be able to experience this better life which they feel should be available to them. They search for new anchors, new guidelines for plans of action that hold promise for realizing some of their dreams and aspirations.
Key words: Family Counseling, Helping Relationship 
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Capuzzi, D. and Gross, D.R. (2008). Counseling and Psychotherapy. Dorling Kindersley (India) Private Limited. Kottler, J. A. and Shepard, D.S. (2009). Counseling Theories and Practices. Cengage Learning India Private Limited, New Delhi. Mangal S. K. (2006), Advanced Educational psychology, Princntice Hall: New Delhi.

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DETERMINATION OF INTEREST RATE ARBITRAGE ACROSS MARKETS IN INDIA

Samir Anvekar & Prakash Salvi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 170 - 179

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 One of the most widely traded derivative contracts by market players are ‘Futures Contracts’. Futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell an asset at a certain time in the future for a certain price. If the actual price of the underlying and the Futures contract are known, one can easily derive the implied interest rate present in those markets for the given maturity of the Futures contract. If the implied interest rate in futures market differs from the interest rate in the debt (money) market for same tenure, capital will flow via arbitrageurs from low interest rate market to high interest market till interest rates (cost of capital) across both the markets are uniform. This nullifies the arbitrage opportunity.
With the backdrop of the theory of free market, this study makes an attempt to compare implied interest rates in Equity Index Futures market and the interest rates in money (debt) market (of same tenure) in India. In India, arbitrageurs are not able to arbitrage the difference between Futures and Spot price (i.e. basis) as well as between implied interest rates and money market rates in a certain band partly due to [i] absence of securities lending and borrowing mechanism of underlying defined for derivatives, market participants are not be able to move capital from equity futures market to money market with ease; [ii] State owned financial intermediaries and public sector banks, who are major players in debt market, have not begun to use derivatives for risk hedging or for position taking in a way such investors should be; [iii] Due to trading restrictions, some participants in the derivatives market are not able to participate directly in the money markets. Major market participants like banks can use derivatives only for hedging and not speculative purposes. Hence, the cost of capital to do arbitrage is more in India.
Key Words : Determination,Interest rate, Arbitrage across markets.
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Bodie, Z. R. C. Merton & D. L. Cleeton (2009); Financial Economics, Pearson Education, New Delhi. Dubofsky, D. & T. W. Miller (2009), Derivatives: Valuation and Risk Management, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Jain & Bhanumurthy (2005), Financial markets integration in India. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, Vol 12, No 2, Page 5. Kohn, M. ( 2008), Financial Institutions and Markets, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Madura Jeff (2008), Financial Markets and Institutions, Cengage Learning, New Delhi. Srivastava, R. & A. Misra (2009), Financial Management, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Strong, R. (2001), Derivatives: An Introduction; Thomson Asia Pte Ltd., Singapore

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DETERMINATION OF INTEREST RATE ARBITRAGE ACROSS MARKETS IN INDIA

Samir Anvekar & Prakash Salvi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 170 - 179

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 One of the most widely traded derivative contracts by market players are ‘Futures Contracts’. Futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell an asset at a certain time in the future for a certain price. If the actual price of the underlying and the Futures contract are known, one can easily derive the implied interest rate present in those markets for the given maturity of the Futures contract. If the implied interest rate in futures market differs from the interest rate in the debt (money) market for same tenure, capital will flow via arbitrageurs from low interest rate market to high interest market till interest rates (cost of capital) across both the markets are uniform. This nullifies the arbitrage opportunity.
With the backdrop of the theory of free market, this study makes an attempt to compare implied interest rates in Equity Index Futures market and the interest rates in money (debt) market (of same tenure) in India. In India, arbitrageurs are not able to arbitrage the difference between Futures and Spot price (i.e. basis) as well as between implied interest rates and money market rates in a certain band partly due to [i] absence of securities lending and borrowing mechanism of underlying defined for derivatives, market participants are not be able to move capital from equity futures market to money market with ease; [ii] State owned financial intermediaries and public sector banks, who are major players in debt market, have not begun to use derivatives for risk hedging or for position taking in a way such investors should be; [iii] Due to trading restrictions, some participants in the derivatives market are not able to participate directly in the money markets. Major market participants like banks can use derivatives only for hedging and not speculative purposes. Hence, the cost of capital to do arbitrage is more in India.
Key Words : Determination,Interest rate, Arbitrage across markets.
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Bodie, Z. R. C. Merton & D. L. Cleeton (2009); Financial Economics, Pearson Education, New Delhi. Dubofsky, D. & T. W. Miller (2009), Derivatives: Valuation and Risk Management, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Jain & Bhanumurthy (2005), Financial markets integration in India. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, Vol 12, No 2, Page 5. Kohn, M. ( 2008), Financial Institutions and Markets, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Madura Jeff (2008), Financial Markets and Institutions, Cengage Learning, New Delhi. Srivastava, R. & A. Misra (2009), Financial Management, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Strong, R. (2001), Derivatives: An Introduction; Thomson Asia Pte Ltd., Singapore

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A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE PEDAGOGY USED IN PRESCHOOLS OF NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION-DELHI

R. K. Parua & Sanjeev Bhardwaj

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 180 - 189

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the present status of innovative pedagogy applied in government and private preschools situated in National Capital and Haryana Region in India. The study was conducted in 48 preschools situated in Delhi and Haryana region as part of National Capital Region. Results provided evidence that in almost all the preschools the practiced pedagogy was based on play but the quantity of preschools where application of innovative pedagogies was performed remained very low .In this regard, the condition of preschools managed by private bodies was found little better as compared to government run preschools. Most of the preschools lacked in modern audio-visual equipments, Information Communication Technology (ICT) and application of varied forms of innovative pedagogies which drew inference that preschool education in India, has not been given the level of significance, as has been given by European counterparts. Absence of implementation of norms regarding preschools’ conditions and curriculum on part of concerned government ministry may be cited as major reason.
Key Words: Innovative Pedagogy, Preschool, National Capital Region 
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Alexander, R. (2004). Still no pedagogy? Principle, pragmatism and compliance in primary education, Cambridge Journal of Education, 34(1), 7-33. Bruce, B., (2003). Literacy in the Information Age: Inquiries into Meaning-Making with New Technologies. Newark, DE: International Reading Association. Carol A. & Sarah, D. (2008). A review of the evidence on the use of ICT in the Early Years Foundation Stage .Early Childhood Research Unit Institute of Education University of Warwick, United Kingdom. http://www.becta.org.uk. Church, E. (1993). Learning through play: problem-solving. A practical guide for teaching young children. New York: Scholarlistic. Datta, V. (2001). A Study of Urban Early Childhood Programmes–A project sponsored by UNICEF. Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai. Datta, V. (2002.) Child Development Workers in Maharashtra: A study of three districts. Sponsored by Board of Research Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai.

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IDIOT BOX vs. INTELLIGENT BOX

Ravi Kant

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 190 - 196

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In the twentieth century, television’s superiority as a medium of information and entertainment is getting more and more pronounced. This magical chatter box has won laurels as it can tell so much without requiring the ability to read. As such it is popular with the illiterate or semi illiterate masses and also with children who are said to be uncritical and unaware receiver of information. The media especially TV, has created an important area and a growing number of today’s researches are exploring as to how images of general roles suggested in educational television might influence young minds, children attitudes and beliefs which could be measured and related to the amount of television they watch. An attempt has been take in this paper to determine the role of television in the development of young children’s mind.
Key Words: Television, children’s viewing habits, children’s development 
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An Indian personality for TV report of the working group on software group on software for Doordarshan, Vol. I, pp-64, Published by Publication division Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Patiala House, New Delhi- 110001. ANURADHA, K. (1991), "Children's television viewing behavior and its effect on personal and educational development." M. Phil. Sri Venkateshwar University IN Fifth surveys of researches in education, NCERT. KAUR, J. (1998)"Impact of viewing TV on the social life of rural illiterate and neo-illiterate" Psycho-lingua, Vol.28(1), pp-39-44. KIRKORIAN, HEATHER L., WARTELLA, ELLEN A. and ANDERSON, DANIAL R. (2008)"Media and young children's learning" Future of children, Vol.18, No.1, pp-31-61 FROM www.futureofchildren.org. TAJ, H. and MASTAN, N. S. (1998)"Television: a spurt to modern perspectives of education" Psycho-lingua, Vol. 28(2), pp-167-169. BOB, MULLAN (1977)"Consuming Television", Blackwell Oxford, pp-33. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India (1999) New Delhi, pp-224. SCHMIDT, MARIE EVANS and VANEWATER, ELIZABETH A. (2008)"Media and attention, cognition and school achievement" The future of children, Vol.18, No 1, pp-63-85 FROM www.futureofchildren.org.

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NEW APPROACHES IN LEARNING: E-LEARNING, M-LEARNING AND U-LEARNING

Deepak Jaiswal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 197 - 203

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In present scenario E-Learning and M-Learning is one of the important aspect of learning process which has enormous implication in the present education system. But in a country like India, which is not free from technical as well as social and educational challenges. Over the post ten years, M-Learning has grown from minor research interest to set significant projects in schools, higher education, workplace etc around the world. This paper also describes a new learning paradigm known as ubiquitous learning or U-Learning. Which is supported by the ubiquitous computing technologies? Instead of that, the paper also aims at providing particular information related to U-Learning for researchers who are interested in venturing this new area of ubiquitous computing. The U-Learning definition and characteristic are discussed. Finally some of the U-Learning applications are explained to further enhance the understanding of U-Learning concept.
Key word: E-learning, M-learning & U-learning 
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Anon (2006) Learning in New Economy’ Last update : not available. www.linezine.com/elarning.htm, date visited Nov. 2011. Hwang, G-J., Tasai, c.c. & Young, SJH (2008), Criteria, strategies and Research Issue of Context-Aware Ubiquitous Learning. Education Technology & society, vol. II, No. 2, PP-81-91 Liyeftinen, K. & Yoo, Y (2002). Issue and challenges in Ubiquitous computing. Communications of Acm, vol. 45, no. 12, PP. 62-65. MoLeNET available at mobile-learning, News-summer, www.molenet.org. (retrieved on 15.08.2012) Polsani, P- (2003)- Network learning In K.Nyinri k. (ed.) Mobile learning essay on philosophy, psychology and education, Vienna : passage vertaq, 2003 139-150, ISBN – 38511656032. Ravi Kant (2009). E-education : A shifting paradigm. Edutrack. Neelkamal publication. April 2009. Vol8, No.8 pp 14-15.

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THE ROLE OF TEXT BOOKS AND HOME WORK ON THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN TEHSIL LAKSAR

Ansarul Hasan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 204 - 212

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Human being is the most developed organism in the animal kingdom. It achieved the. top most position by using its mental and intellectual power. Further education differentiates one human from other. Education is the aggregate of all the process by which a person develops ability, attitudes and other forms of behavior of practical value in the society in which he lives. Defects of upper primary education have been pointed out by a number of commissions. It does not prepare boys and girls for the pursuit of secondary education. The education at this level prepares them for secondary education. The students face problem of selection of the books because of different publication and their boards. In the present investigation, survey method of descriptive research has been employed. Tehsil Laksar has many more junior high schools expanded both in rural and urban areas. In present study researcher selected a nonresidential state government aided school for the study. In the present study, researcher used self-made questionnaires as a research tools for studying the role of text books and home works on educational achievement of junior high school students, different parameters were selected. To collect the data, a questionnaire was given to boys and girls of class 6, 7 and 8th of Janta Inter College Sultanpur, Tehsil-Laksar, and District-Haridwar.
Key word: Text book, Educational Achievement, Home work, Junior High school’s students 


Airasian, P: “Classroom Assessment” (3/e); New York. McGraw Hill, 1997 Alberto, P. and Troutman, A, “Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers“(3/e); Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merrill/ Prenttice Pvt. Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 1999. Best, J.W: “Research in education“, Prentic Hall of India, Pvt. Ltd,,New Delhi,9th edition,1999. Butch, M.B: “Fourth survey of research in education“, 1983-88. Drei Kurs,R.: “Psychology in class room “Harper and Row, New York,2nd edition,1968. Drever, James:“A Dictionary of Psychology” Penguin Books, England,1964. Gagne, E.,Yekovich,C. and Yekovich,F.:“The cognitive psychology of school learning Callins,New York,U.S.A.,2nd edition,1993. Good, C.V.: “Introduction to Educational Research”, Appleton Century Craft Ind. New York, 1959 Good, T. and Brophy,J.: “Looking in classroom“,7th edition, Harper Callins,New York.,7th edition,1997 Gronlund, N.: “How to make achievement Test and Assessments”, Needham Heights, M.A, 1993 Henson, K.:“Method and strategies for Teaching in secondary and Middle Schools”, White plains, New York, 1988. Mayer, R.: “The Promise of Educational Psychology, Learning in the content Area”, Upper Saddle River Practice Hall pvt. Hall of India, 1999. N.C.E.R.T:“Educational Investigation in Indian Universities”, 1939-1961, New Delhi, 1996. Popham, W.: “Classroom Assessment: What Teacher Need to know”,Boston U.S.A,1995 Stiggins, R.: “Student Centered Classroom Assessment”, Upper Saddle River,M Jerri,2nd edition,1997

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MARITAL ADJUSTMENT IN RELATION TO JOB STATUS AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Vikas Kumar & Yogesh Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 213 - 217

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The present research was an attempt to study the influence of Job Status, Emotional Intelligence, and their Interaction on Marital Adjustment of women. Keeping in mind, the objective of the study, the survey method was used. The sample consisted of 175 working and non – working women. For collection of data, standardized tools, namely, Marital Adjustment Inventory by Singh and Mangal Emotional Intelligence Scale by S.K. Mangal and Shubra Mangal were used. The data were analysed by using 2 × 2 Analysis of Varince. It was found that working and non – working women did not differ with respect to Marital Adjustment, while emotional intelligence was found to be related with the Marital Adjustment of women. No significant influence of interaction between job status and emotional intelligence was found.
Key Words: Marital Adjustment, Job Status and Emotional Intelligence. 
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Dimkpa, D.I. (2010). Marital Adjustment Roles of Couples Practicing Child Adoption. European Journal of Social Science, 13( 2) 194 – 200. Hapsariyanti,D et al. (2006). Emotional Intelligence Relationships with Self adjustment in Marriage to the Newly Married Couple for Three Years. Unpublished Undergraduate Dissertation, Gunadarma University. Kaur, H. (2003). Stress among Spouses. New Delhi: Manpreet Prakashan. Hashmi, H.M., Khurshid, M., and Hassan, I. (2007). Marital Adjustment, Stress, and Depression among Working and Non – Working Married Women. Internet Journal of Medical Update, 2(1) 19 – 26.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Suresh Aggarwal & Manoj Kumar Saxena

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 218 - 225

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One of the most talked about and important trait of human personality is Emotional Intelligence. Now-a-days, individuals are assessed for their Emotional Quotient along with the Intelligence Quotient. It assumes importance for all, including infants, adolescents and adults. The students who are studying in undergraduate classes are mostly in their late adolescence. This is the age when there is a strong appearance of different emotions. Young students need to know how to be more aware of the emotions, how to handle situations involving emotional changes and how emotions decide the success or failure of life. Choice of a study field also influences the emotional intelligence of the student. This paper tries to find out the differences in EI scores of students studying in different study fields of undergraduate courses.
Key Words: Comparative, Emotional Intelligence, Undergraduate Students. 
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Bhosle, S. (1999). Gender differences in EQ. New Delhi: Sage Publications. Denham, S. A. (1998). Emotional Development in Young Children. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Dwivedi, V. (2011). Role of Emotional Intelligence in Managing Attachment Bonds: An Intervention Study, Educational Quest, 2 (3), pp. 351-354. Goleman, D. (1998). Working With Emotional Intelligence, New York, NY: Bantam Books. Gupta, A. (2011). A Study of Emotional Intelligence Effect on Educational Performance of Students, Educational Herald, 40 (2), pp. 23-32. Kaur, J. (2010). The Emotional Intelligence and Style of Learning and Thinking among Adolescents, Unpublished M.Phil. Dissertation, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra. King, M (1999). Measurement of differences in emotional intelligence of pre service educational leadership students and practicing administrators as measured by the multifactor emotional intelligence scale. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol. 60. Kukreti, V.T. & Balodi, G. (2011). Healthy Narcissism or Emotional Intelligence: A Choice for Leadership Role, Psycho-Lingua, 41 (2), pp. 122-126.

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HERBAL TOURISM – A SWOT ANALYSIS

Annie Abraham S

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 Sustainable tourism is a kind of approach to tourism meant to make the development of tourism ecologically supportable in the long term. It calls for the conservation and enhancement of resources and increase the value of local culture and tradition. Herbal tourism has remarkable potential for employment generation, conservation of forest resources and preservation of traditional medicine practices. TM is becoming increasingly popular in many developed countries and functions under the title of “complementary” or “alternative” medicine. This has resulted in an upsurge in the demand for medicinal plants worldwide.
This paper explores the ways in which herbal tourism can be promoted in a sustainable manner so that preservation of indigenous knowledge and community development may be brought about. For this purpose, a SWOT analysis of herbal tourism is carried out using primary and secondary data collected from various sources such as the tourists, department of tourism, forest officials, Ayurvedic Medicine manufacturers, cultivators of medicinal plants, Tribal Service Co-operative Societies, etc. Kerala is chosen as the sample space as it is one of India\'s largest producers of traditional medicines. The state is endowed with a variety of medicinal plants and Southern stretch of Western Ghats is considered as one of the richest pockets of bio-diversity in the world and classified as a ‘Hot spot’ by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Key Words: Herbal tourism, Swot Analysis
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Bakshi, Prathipati, Sriram and Vaidya, 2010, Gearing up for Healthcare, study conducted by CII and McKinsey for the CII Seventh Health Summit http://www.ciionline.org/publications Chandan Sharma, Aug 2, 2001, The times of India Kumar, A. 2000, Plants Based Medicines in India [online]. Features, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 2000 [cited 19 May 2003]. Available from Internet: http://pib.nic.in/feature/feyr2000/fmay2000/f240520006.html. Kwame Boafo2010, UNESCO Opportunities for Cultural Heritage Tourism Development in the Caribbean (http://caribbeanstc.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Kwame-Boafo-STC11.pdf) Caribbean Tourism Organization’s 11th Annual Conference on Sustainable Tourism Development

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STUDY OF THE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY GRADUATE AND DIPLOMA HOLDER WOMEN IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION

Nivedita Deshmukh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 240 - 243

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Women have been given equal status in modern political system. The access is available to all the sectors for the women while maintaining equality between men and women. Such women of post-indepedence period have to face many difficulties in higher education for sustaining their existence, escalating their careers in domestic, social and educational sectors while doing service or being a house wife. So it becomes difficult to achieve further objects of success.
Keywords: Women higher education. 
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Ghosh R.N.and Roy K.C.(1997),The changing ststus of women’s in India “Impact of urbnization and development ; (International journal of Social Economics). Nation sample survey 61st round 2004-05. Employment, unemployment survey.

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TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN “SWAMI AND FRIENDS

S. Parvathi Devi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 244 - 248

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In molding different characters, taking the theme, delineating various situations, Traditional elements can be seen in “Swami and Friends” in R.K.Narayan, one of the most reputed Indian writer’s novel in English’s first published and most popular novel, which is set against the backdrop of Indian tradition and culture. The elements such as the portrayal of Indian family, dominating husband, submissive wife, innocent children with many inhibitions, the village environment - all these clearly manifest traditional perspective in the novel. The character of Swami, Mani, Pea and Sankars’ innocence is wonderfully portrayed in the novel.
Key words: Traditional environment, children, cricket, summer, affectionate 
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Iyyengar Srinivas K.R., Indian Writing in English, (2007), Sterling Publications, New Delhi Narayan R.K.( 2009),Swami and Friends, Indian Thought Publications, Chennai I bid-p-83&84 I bid p-37 I bid p-36 I bid p-7 I bid p-6. I bid p-1849. Naik M.K.(1977), Critical Essays on Indian writing in English, University of Dharwar Publications, Dharwar

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SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND INTELLIGENCE AMONG MUSLIM AND NON-MUSLIM ADOLESCENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Aftab A. Ansari

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 267 - 275

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 The world is becoming more and more competitive. Quality of performance has become the key factor for the personal progress. Parents desire that their children climb the ladder of performance to as high a level as possible. Intelligence, one of the important cognitive variables has been studied by a large number of researches corroborative evidence to prove the intelligence is a correlate of achievement was obtained by those which have considered intelligence as contributing towards achievement. It has been accepted that environment both in and outside the school in which the child grows has a great influence on the academic achievement of the students. Researchers have attempted to find out the role of several these variables. The study of adolescent’s development is important because of a scholarly interest. The term adolescent is used to denote a period of human life during which the growing person makes the transition from childhood to adulthood.
Key Words: Socio-Economic Status, Intelligence, Muslim and Non-Muslim Adolescents
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Agrawal, S. (1982). A study of causes and their remedial measures of two groups of X and XII class of relatively identical intelligence but differing in educational achievement. Fourth Survey of Research in Education (1983-88), 815. Hudge, P. C. (1984). Understanding Society. New York: Harper and Row Publishers. Cattle, R. B. (1951). As Quoted in R.B. Cattle and A.K.S. Cattle (1973), Test of ‘g’ fair, scale 2, from A. Manual (pp. 9-13). New Delhi: Psycho-Center. Cattle, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: a critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54, 1-22. Cattle, R.B. (1965). The Scientific Analysis of Personality. Baltimore: Penguin

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DOES LEARNING MUSIC AFFECT STUDY HABITS OF LEARNERS?

Sonal Chabra, Tulika Bansal & Mahima Misra

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 276 - 280

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Music is more pervasive now than at any other point in history, functioning not only as a pleasurable art form, but also serving many important psychological functions (MacDonald, Hargreaves and Miell, 2002). In Indian culture, music has always held a special place, whereby music has been regarded as a path to achieve salvation. With time, several things have changed and so has the importance of music also. However, learning music is still regarded not just a hobby but a discipline inducing activity. This study attempted to ascertain whether learning music does has any impact on the study habits of adolescents in this academic driven society. The sample of 80 was drawn from the school going adolescents from Delhi. The results failed to establish any significant correlation between learning music and study habits.
Key words: Learning, Music, Study habits, Learners 
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Hargreaves, D.J. & North,A.C. (Eds.) (1997). The social psychology of music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Harland, J., Kinder, K., Lord, P., Stott,A., Schagen, I. & Haynes, J. (2000). Arts education in secondary schools: Effects and effectiveness. Slough: National Foundation for Educational Research. Husen, T., & Postlethwaite, T. (Eds.). (1994). The international encyclopedia of education (2nd ed., Vol. 7). Oxford, England: Permagon. Juslin, P.N. and Sloboda, J.A. (eds) (2001) Music and Emotion: Theory and Research. London: Oxford University Press. MacDonald, R.A.R., Hargreaves, D.J. & Miell, D. (Eds.) (2002). Musical identities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. NCERT (2000). National curriculum framework for school education, New Delhi: NCERT. O’Donnell, P.J., MacDonald, R.A.R. and Davies J.B. (1999) ‘Video Analysis of the Effects of Structured Music Workshops for Individuals with Learning Difficulties’, in D. Erdonmez and R.R. Pratt (eds) Music Therapy & Music Medicine: Expanding Horizons, pp. 219–28. Saint Louis, MO: MMB Music. Purdies & Hattie, J. (1999). The relationship between study skills and learning outcomes: A meta-analysis, Australian journal of education, 43, No.1, pp 72-85.

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SOCIAL ROLE VALORIZATION (SRV) A STRONG VOICE OF DISABILITY

Akhilesh kumar & A.T. Theresiakutty

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 284 - 293

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Without any question, it can be said that since the 1960’s the principle of normalization have had a profound influence on the development of services for persons with disabilities. Actually, at first ‘Normalization’ was defined by letting it only for persons with mental retardation but further it is extended to all persons with disabilities. We can see the clear distinction between the definitions of ‘normalization’ given by Nirje and by Wolfensberger. As distinguished from Nirje’s definition which emphasizes both ‘means’ and ‘goals’. In Wolfensbergers reformulation the goal of normalization are twofold. Normalization was first formulated in 1969 by Benjt Nirje having the ideas of normal rhythm of life. After the formulation of ‘normalization’ various books, articles and other publications and the topic have been written and disseminated. Of course various authors interpreted it in various ways often, made wrong interpretations. Social Role valorization ( SRV) is the name given to a concept for transacting human relationships and human service formulated in 1983 by Wolf - Wofensbeeger as the successor to his earlier formulation of the principle of normalization.”
Key Words: Social Role, Valorization, Disability. 
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Barnartt, S. (2001) Using role theory to describe disability, Research in social science and disability vol.-2 pp-53-75,Elsevier Science Ltd. Chappell, L.A., (1997), From normalization to where?,In ‘Disability Studies: past, present and future’ (Ed. Barton, L. & Oliver, M.) The disability press, Leeds,pp-49-62. Cocks, E. (1997). Building safeguards into the development of services. In P. O'brien & R. Murray (Eds.), Human services: Towards partnership and support. Aukland: Dunmore Press. Cocks, E., & Stehlik, D. (1996). History of services. In J. Annison, J. Jenkinson, W. Sparrow, & E. Bethune (Eds.), Disability: A guide for health professionals. Melbourne: Thomas Nelson Australia. pp. 8-33. Cocks, E. (2001) Normalization and Social Role Valorization: Guidance for human service development, Hong kong Journal of pshychiatry, 11(1), pp-12-16. Flynn, R. J. (1994). Evaluation of service quality with PASS and PASSING: A review of research, 1980-1994. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ABSENTEE CHARACTERSIN SELECTED MODERN DRAMA

Patil GajananVishvambharrao

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 329 - 339

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Absentee characters have played a vital role in all forms of writing, ever since the origin of Greek Literature. There are several plays written by several playwrights focusing absentee characters. Absentee characters have been successfully infused in many plays, playing major as well as minor roles. There are several forms of absentee characters. Usually he/she is alive, but he/she can be dead as well. For this paper, dead characters are taken into consideration as absentee characters.An absentee character is a character that does not appear in the playbut is relevant to the plot of the play. Absentee characters are a part of the play’s story but do not makeany physical appearance in the plot of the play.
Absentee Characters have had their origin in Greek Drama. In the plays of Sophocles, inOedipus Rex, Laius, the old king of Thebes is an early example of absentee character and in Antigone, Polynicesthe elder son of Oedipus is an absentee character. After Greek Literature, there turn about to be a gap of many centuries in use of Absentee Characters in the plays till Modern Drama.
KEY WORDS: Absentee, play, drama, significance, character, theme, plot, death, presence, story, influence, playwright, modern, device, etc. 
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Henrik Ibsen?s, Ghosts (1881), August Strindberg?s, Miss Julie (1888), Anton Chekov?s, The Cherry Orchard (1904), George Bernard Shaw?s, Heartbreak House (1913-19) Eugene O'Neill's, Desire Under the Elms (1925), Jean Cocteau?s, The Infernal Machine (1934), T. S. Eliot?s, Murder in the Cathedral (1935), Jean Giraudoux?s, Electra (1937), Jean-Paul Sartre?s, The Flies (1943) Luigi Pirandello?s, Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921), Samuel Beckett (pen name-Andrew Belis), Waiting for Godot (1948-49), Edward Albee?s, Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1962), Harold Pinter?s, The Homecoming (1964) Tennessee William?s, A Streetcar named Desire (1947), Arthur Miller's, All My Sons (1947), John Osborne?s, Look Back in Anger (1956). Paul Rosefeldt?s‘The Absent Father in Modern Drama’, (1996)

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A STUDY ON PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES ON PLAYING ABILITY OF NATIONAL LEVEL MEN HOCKEY PLAYERS

Bendsure Vijaykumar Vimalnath

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 340 - 342

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STUDY OF MANET: CHARACTERISTICS, CHALLENGES, APPLICATION AND SECURITY

Munde Vyankat Vishnupant

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 343 - 349

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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is an infrastructure-less , dynamic network consisting of a
collection of wireless mobile nodes that communicate with each other without the use of any
centralized authority. Due to its fundamental characteristics, such as wireless medium, dynamic
topology, distributed cooperation, MANETs is vulnerable to various kinds of security attacks like
worm hole, black hole, rushing attack etc. In this paper we study mobile ad-hoc network and its
characteristics, challenges, application, security goals and different type’s security attacks at
different layers.
Keywords: Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), Destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV),
Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). 
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Mohseni, S.; Hassan, R.; Patel, A.; Razali, R, “Comparative review study of reactive and proactive routing protocols in MANETs”, 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, 304-309, Perkins, E. Belding-Royer and S. Das, “Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing”, RFC3561, Gary Breed Editorial Director, “Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks: Basic Concepts”, High Frequency Electronics, ` March 2007. Hongmei Deng, Wei Li, and Dharma P. Agrawal, “Routing Security in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks” IEEE Communications Magazine • October 2002 [8] Mohseni, S.

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E-SERVICES A EMERGING TOOL FOR RURAL AGRICULTURAL

P.R. Kolhe, R.M.Dharaskar, M.H .Tharkar & S. Joshi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 350 - 363

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 One must have heard childhood anecdote that there was a magician who could bring any thing in the
world to a piece of mirror he held in this hand: this story has now become a true fact in the form of INTERNET.
Such “Allauddin Chirag” for 21st century and future is appurtenant to Agricultural Green Revaluation.
According to Dr. MS Swaminathan, “New information and communication technologies offer the possibility
of creating a level field for both the rich and the poor, provided we know how to use them with a commitment
to gender and social equity”. Effective use of Internet for extension in agriculture is elusive despite substantial
investments in human capital and other resources. Updated and comprehensive information, availability of
new types “Just in time”, more and competing information sources; “One stop information
shopping”; ease of exchange of information and/or ideas and facilities to discuss them; easier
collaboration and/or access to peers, other experimental farmers and experts; a ranked list of useful
information such as updated market lists, weather information, plant protection regulations,
recommendations and products, news, bulletins, and more are perquisite. Internet accessibility on individual
farms or at farmer-gathering locations, input information that farmers/extension want, and/or needs, identifying
a tangible benefit to information users, defining and serving target audiences, packaging information in a way
that it can be understood and applied, a simple, user-friendly search engine and interface design, responsibility
for the information quality and reliability are guiding factor for web based extension development. There is a
felt need of a practical baseline reference for Internet adoption in planning, program implementation, goal
achievement and evaluation.
Keywords: Information Technology, Extension, Internet, Information dissemination, Innovation
adoption
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Evaluating Internet for Extension in Agriculture (1997) by Ehud Gelb , Center for Agricultural Economic Research, and Guido Bonati ,Italian National Institute of Agricultural Economics http://departments.agri.huji.ac.il/ http://www.iasri.res.in http://www.icar.org.in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Adoption as a Tool for Agricultural by Arieh Maoz Is ICT Adoption for Agriculture Still an Important Issue? – by E. Gelb, C. Parker Evaluating Internet for Extension in Agriculture – G. Bonati, E. Gelb Seminar proceding on”National seminar on Information technology in Agriculture “, Dapoli (Maharashtra) Jan 2005

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RESISTANCE OF MAHARANA PRATAP AGAINST AKBAR

Khalid Bashir

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 364 - 377

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This paper will highlight the struggle and the defeat of Rana Pratap by theAkbar. When Rana Pratap took over as the Maharana (King) of Mewar, the political scene in India was not stable. Mughal emperor Akbar was in control of Chittor, the ancient capital of Mewar but he wanted to occupy whole of Mewar. His dream of whole of the India under the Mughal dynasty required Mewar to be under him. On the other hand Pratap, as a matter of self respect, wished Chittor to be his capital of ancestors. By 1573 Akbar realised that Pratap would never accept his supremacy over Mewar. The emperor Akbar was therefore keen to strike a peace deal with Pratap singh and historians believe that Akbar sent six delegations for the same. The first three missions were led by Jalal Khan Qurchi, the fourth by Raja Man Singh, the fifth by Raja Bhagwan Das, and the sixth by Raja Todar Mal. The fifth mission of Bhagwan Das was first fruitful in that the Rana Pratap agreed to put on a robe presented by Akbar and he sent his son Amar Singh to the Mughal court, but later on Maharana Pratap rejected all the missions, the principal reason of rejection was that, the Maharana was not prepared to compromise the independence, integrity and sovereignty of Mewar. It is also said that the Mewar Rajputs castigated Man Singh of Amber, who himself was a Rajput general, for being a member of Mughal army, who headed the fourth delegation that the emperor sent to Mewar. All his efforts for a peaceful solution were unfruitful; Akbar decided that he would not be able to waver Pratap from his resolve. Then he contemplated taking on the enemy through an armed conflict. 


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IMPACT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ON CHILDRENS HEALTH

Gunvant B. Sangale & Venkat Wagwad

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 378 - 392

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IN VITRO CALLUS INDUCTION IN SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS

Somnath Kirwale & Narayan Pandhure

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 383 - 386

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STUDY OF MANET: CHARACTERISTICS, CHALLENGES, APPLICATION AND SECURITY

Munde Vyankat Vishnupant

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 387 - 393

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POSSIBILITY OF CONSTRUCTING ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH DIMENSIONS ON THE NANOMETER SCALE

Gautam S. Ughade, Madhav N. Rode & Vilas Patil

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 394 - 398

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REDEFINING THE ROLE OF STATE IN PUBLIC SECTOR UNITS IN INDIA

Rajat K. Sant

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 354 - 360

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 In India, a public sector company is that company in which the Union Government or State The first industrial (development and regulation) act came in India in 1951, with the aim of building foundation of heavy and basic industries. Dr. Krishnamurthy carried forward the vision of mixed economy that prime minister Jawahar lal Nehru saw for the nation.
PSU are the companies that are owned by state or central government. The basic condition to be named as PSU is that the paid up share capital held by either central or state government shuld be 51% or more.
Keywords: Public sector, Future development, Employment generation
 


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BHARTIY PARYATANACHA VIKAS AANI SAMSYA

Mohan Sakharam Kambale

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 361 - 366

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EDUCATIONAL POLICIES & EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL SERVICE SCHEME

Prof. Dhananjay Lokhande

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 367 - 372

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GOOD POSTURE FOR WELLNESS

Deep Mala

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 373 - 377

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In order to remain fit, healthy and wellbeing a person should adopt good posture. The first image of personality comes through good posture. Good posture indicates wellbeing, healthy and sound body. Moreover, it keeps us away from many health problems. Moreover, bad posture is big drawback in our personality and it leads to many health problems and deformities in body. This reduces human efficiency. However, postural deformities can be corrected easily through asanas and physical exercises. The present paper may help to understand the importance of good posture and tips for correct standing, sitting and walking posture.


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A STUDY OF THE FEASIBILITY OF USING THE GAMING APPROACH IN THE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS AS PERCEIVED BY STUDENT TEACHERS

Geeta Shetty

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 378 - 382

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Games have always attracted people of all ages. It entertains and also educates. If education has to be more meaningful, purposeful as well as fun, a shift would be needed in the way educators think about teaching and learning. The Gaming Model seems to have all the answers to bringing about the necessary change. However what needs to be seen is how feasible it would be to implement the same in our regular teaching learning situations. Hence 98 student teachers were introduced to the Model and then their opinion was sought regarding the scope and effectiveness of the Model. The findings suggest very promising effect of the Model. Key words: Gaming, Simulation, Scope, Effectiveness.


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AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING MICRO CONTROLLER

A.A.Chaudhary

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 383 - 389

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This paper provides implementation of “Automatic Plant Irrigation System using micro controller”. We have implemented sensors that detect the humidity in the soil (agricultural field) and supply water to the field, which has water requirement. The micro controller based design that controls the water supply and the field to be irrigated. There are sensors present in each field that are not activated till water is present on the field. Once the field gets dry sensors sense the requirement of water in the field and send a signal to the micro controller. Micro controller and associated circuitry then supply water to that particular field which has water requirement till the sensors are deactivated again. In case, when there are more than one signal for water requirement then the micro controller will prioritize the first received signal and irrigate the fields accordingly. Keywords: Micro controller; Humidity sensor; motor; relay
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Scott MAC. Kenzie, The 8051 micro controller, second edition, pretice hall Inc., USA, 1995 M.A. Mazidi and J G mazidi, The 8051 micro controller and embedded systems, pearson education asia, 2002 Yuan G, Luo Y, Sun X, Tang D. Evaluation of a crop water stress index for detecting water stress in winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agr Water Manag. 2004
APANE-APANE AJANABI ME MRUTYU BODH KA MANOVAIDNYANIK VISHLESHAN

Neetu Goswami & Nirmala Dhaila Bora

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 390 - 398

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INDIA AND MALDIVES; DEVELOPING DEFENCE AND SECURITY COOPERATION

Nitin Mohod

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 399 - 403

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SANYUKTA RAJYA AMERICA, CHIN, PAKISTAN, RUS AUR BHARAT ME SUCHANA YUDHA

Hemant Kumar Pandey

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 404 - 412

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RECENT ADVANCES, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

Surendra Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 413 - 420

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The term coordination chemistry is interpreted broadly, and includes aspects of organometallic, supramolecular, theoretical, and bioinorganic chemistry. Coordination chemistry is a branch of chemistry, and its research results are widely used in industry and people's life. Coordination compounds are molecules that pose one or multiple metal centers that are bound to ligands (atoms, ions, or molecules that donate electrons to the metal). These complexes can be neutral or charged. When the complex is charged, it is stabilized by neighboring counter-ions. Various edge disciplines emerge during its development, which propels the methods of disciplines and technology. This article briefly discusses new progress of coordination chemistry and its application in chemistry and industry in recent years. Keywords: Coordination chemistry, Advances, Techniques, Applications, Industry


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ONLINE LEARNING, A TRANSFORMATION OF EDUCATION SECTOR IN INDIA - BLESSING OR TORMENT

Meenakshi Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 421 - 427

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In any civilised society education plays a pivotal role. The growth of the country is measures by the amount of knowledge its citizen have,. It is not wrong to say that education is the backbone of any country. From time immemorial paramount importance is given to education in India. Indian education system is based on Guru- Shishya primipara. A teacher is not someone who only gives knowledge of text to the student but also teaches lessons of life. Post-independence in the Constitution it is enshrined that the state is duty bound to provide means of education. The judiciary of the country very clearly stated that right to education flows from right to life under article 21.Our education system is based on face to face interaction inside the four walls of classroom. But with the advent of the pandemic, COVID 19 the entire education system is changed. Online learning is the new norm of present era. Now teaching learning is beyond boundaries now the education is not just confined to classroom. Instead, it is available virtually with the help of information and technology tools. This virtual mode of education has positive and negative impact . Judiciary is trying hard to create a balance in order to ensure education to every student and at the same time judiciary is concerned about the economic rights of the teachers. Keywords- Pandemic, COVID 19, Constitution, Virtual education , Article 21


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GRAMIN KSHETRA KE MADHYAMIK STAR PAR ADHYAYANRAT VIDHYARTHIYON KI VYAVSAYIK RUCHIYON KA ADHYAYAN

Srimati Rekha Rana

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 421 - 425

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ROLE OF MATHEMATICS IN LEARNING PHYSICS

Sarveshwar Kasarla

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 390 - 401

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This paper describes the importance of mathematics while learning physics and mathematics-based difficulties in learning Physics. The students during graduation courses offering Physics and mathematics face difficulties as they lack basic mathematical skills. Keywords: Mathematics, Physics, Teaching, Learning, Skills, concepts learning, modelling, competency


A. H. Schoenfeld, Mathematical Problem Solving (Academic Press, New York, NY, 1985. Aziz, N. D. (1988). Integration of mathematics and physics in secondary schools: An integrated mechanics unit for Egypt. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 19 (6), 819-821.
BHAKT KABIR KI BHASHA MAIN LOK TATVA

Bharat Bhushan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 402 - 404

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TRUE LOVE VERSUS BETRAYAL IN THE SELECTED POEMS OF SHIV K KUMAR

Dr. Ashish Subhashchandraji Paliwal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 405 - 411

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Love, nature, history, religion, and death are some of the most common poetry themes in nearly every type of poetry. Love is possibly the most popular of all poetry themes. Nearly every poet endeavors to write about love in his poetry. Love is one of the most universal themes in literature, as in life. Love can be a force for good that inspires people to sacrifice themselves for others, or a toxic force that drives people to madness or violence. The present research paper deals with True Love Versus Betrayal in the Selected Poems of Shiv K Kumar. I have tried to study the different shades of love in the selected poems of Shiv K Kumar. Here, two poems ‘Face ’and ‘Waiting’ are under study.
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Boudh Darshan Ke Madhyam Marg Samprtya Ka Shaikshanik Mahtwa

Dr. Vindumati Dwivedi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2012 | Volume/Issue:1/2 | Page No.: 412 - 416

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