An International Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Jul - Aug, 2014, Vol-2/13

Impact Factor: 4.194

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2014-09-04

Download Cover Page

Downloads: 214

THE INSURANCE LAWS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2008 IN INDIA: LEGAL POSITION OF A NOMINEE

Minakshi Balkawade

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1546 - 1558

Download Article
 

Life insurance certainly serves as a tool of financial security against risks ensuing from unfortunate loss of the bread winner of a family. However it is crucial for the insured to make sure in advance that on his death the proceeds should go to his beneficiaries. Accordingly they nominate their family members, assuming that in case of unforeseen contingencies the latter will get title to the proceeds. However reality is far away from intentions. Distinct construals by different courts regarding the legal position of a nominee coupled with lack of awareness of the same among people are a cause of grave concern. This warrants immediate attention by law-makers through amendments to the Insurance Act, 1938 as are comprehensible to all market participants and also bring consistency in interpretation of the law. In this context the paper highlights the legal status of a nominee as interpreted by different courts in India, the tribulations arising out of the same and the efficacy of the new Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2008. Key Words: Insurance Act, Nominee, Legal Status, Amendments, Insurance Bill. 


Downloads: 209

TYPE OF SOLDIERS THAT CAME TO MANIPUR IN WORLD WAR II

W. Jyotirmoy Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1559 - 1568

Download Article

 
The Second World War reached India with the Japanese bombing of Imphal, the capital of Manipur on 10th May 1942. This changed the life of the populaces of Imphal and also that of the people living in the far flung region of Manipur. The people of Imphal immediately fled their home after the bombing. After some months, some of them returned to their home and start settling down. In their locality they saw many soldiers. Some even find the soldiers staying in their house. As the Japanese invasion of Manipur becomes a possibility day by day, more and more soldiers were station in Imphal and other parts where the Japanese are likely to pass through.
Key words: Gora, Mayang, Tondumbi. 


Downloads: 202

A STUDY OF SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS AND EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMS OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS OF RAJASTHAN

Rachna Sharma

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1569 - 1574

Download Article
The present study tries to explain the socio economic status and educational problems of adolescent girls of Rajasthan. The study adopted the SES Scale developed by R. L. Bhardwaj and Adolescent Girls’ Educational Problem Scale developed by the investigator. A purposive sample of 66 adolescent girls studying in government school was taken. Data collected was analyzed statistically using the percentage and coefficient of correlation techniques. Results revealed that 9.09% rural adolescent girls are having Moderate Educational Problems and 90.90% are having Low Educational Problems. All adolescent girls fall under middle class socio- economic status category and SES affects the Educational Problems of adolescent girls. Due to long distance, lack of transport facilities and security reasons parents do not send their girl child to school and very less number of girls pursues education after secondary school. The infrastructure of school was not found satisfactory also the girls are not computer literate.
Key Words: Adolescence, Socio Economic Status, Educational Problems 


Downloads: 232

A STUDY ON IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT, 2009 IN HAJO BLOCK OF RURAL KAMRUP DISTRICT

Ritamoni Das

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1575 - 1579

Download Article
 
Indian government has passed Right of children to free and compulsory Education, Act 2009 on 4th august 2009 and it has came in to force from the first April 2010. This act ensures free and compulsory education for the children of age group of 6 to 14 years in primary schools. After long years of 66 from independence in our country literacy rate is not satisfactory. There are so many reasons behind it. But now with the enactment of Right to Education Act, 2009 brings hope to us, it has became compulsory for central and state government as well as for guardians to ensure that every child of age group of 6 to 14 is enrolled in school. Many times government passed so many acts, policies etc for development of our society. But actual development depends upon its proper implementation. The present study aims to study the implementation of Right to Education Act, 2009 in hajo block of rural kamrup district of Assam.
Key word: RTE, implementation 


Downloads: 176

METACOGNITION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN RELTION TO THEIR GENDER AND DISCIPLINE

Indu Rathee

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1579 - 1586

Download Article

Metacognitive knowledge includes knowledge about oneself as a learner and the factors that might impact performance, knowledge about strategies, and knowledge about when and why to use strategies. This research article briefly describes the metacognition of college students with regard to gender and their discipline. In order to study the problem, the survey method was used to collect the data. The sample for the study was collected from the three degree colleges of Sonipat city (Haryana). 180 students (90 male and 90 female) were randomly selected from three discipline ( Science, Commerce and Arts). Metacognitive inventory developed by Govil P. (2003) was administered to the selected sample to assess metacognition. The data so collected was analyzed statistically by employing mean, SD and t-test. The finding reveals that the level of metacognition of college students is found to be average. The research reveals that there is no significant difference between male and female students in their metacognition but there is significant difference with regards to their discipline


Downloads: 172

DIVERSIFICATION: THE KEY TO BETTER LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES

Rajalakshmy Nandagopal

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1587 - 1599

Download Article
The agricultural sector in India is facing deceleration in growth and is posing a major challenge which is manifested through food inflation and lack of proper planning of crop management. The two major sources of growth in agriculture are area expansion and increase in productivity. These sources of growth have serious limitations. The scope of area expansion is limited due to the inelastic supply of land. Hence it is necessary to chalk out a strategy to improve production with the available technology and arable land .The traditional wheat paddy system which flourished and thrived during the Green Revolution is facing major roadblocks. Most of the states which adopted the traditional rice or wheat cropping systems are at present facing serious economic, social and ecological problems such as deceleration in productivity growth, fall in agricultural employment, over exploited ground water resources and decline in soil fertility. Intensive cultivation with chemical fertilizers has precipitated the problem of increased costs of cultivation and environmental pollution, and ground water depletion which have undermined the efforts to increase production. A study of the cropping patterns in India clearly brings out the diversification which is taking place in India from food crops to non food crops in certain regions especially in the southern and western states. This trend had been also triggered by the overexploitation of land for food crops under the Green Revolution. Over use of land has precipitated problems lowering of ground water table, overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides leading to environmental pollution. Most of the areas which were productive during the Green Revolution are suffering from ‘technology fatigue’ and hence the diversification to
 
nonfood crops is justified. The high value non - food crops are a viable option for farmers and are best suited to Indian climatic, soil and social conditions. The areas which are rain fed and where regular irrigation is lacking are engaged in the cultivation of non-food crops like pulses, oil seeds etc. Regularly irrigated farms are devoted to growing rice, wheat and coarse cereals. This is no doubt crucial for food security of our country.
Key Words- Cropping Pattern, Diversification, Food crops, non food crops 


Downloads: 357

TEACHERS PARTICIPATION IN SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION: A STUDY ON GENDER DIFFERENCE

Ajay Kumar Attri

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1600 - 1606

Download Article
 Teachers\' participation in school administration is advantageous to the provision of good education. It is justified not only because of what it does for the staff but also because experience and research justify it to be the most effective means available to accomplish the purposes to which the schools are organized. The successful working of school depends upon the administration for which there should be suitable environment for teachers’ participation in it. This paper explores the gender difference in five possible school administrative areas for teachers\' participation. The study was designed on descriptive survey research, targeting the population of all trained graduate teachers in govt. and private secondary schools of Himachal. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 200 (100 male and 100 female) secondary school trained graduate teachers from Kullu district of the H.P. state. Teacher’s Participation in School Administration Scale developed by Taj, Haseen (2000) was used in this study. The study revealed that participation of male trained graduate teachers in communicating and controlling areas of school administration is higher as compare to female trained graduate teachers. Further, male and female trained graduate teachers are almost similar on their participation in planning, organizing and evaluation areas of school administration. It was recommended that policy makers and school administrators should increase the extent to which they involve teachers in school administration to improve the quality of their participation and boost their morale in their performance of duty Keywords: teacher participation, planning, organizing, communicating, controlling and evaluation


Downloads: 183

A STUDY ON EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHICAL FACTORS ON AWARENESS OF BANKING SERVICES

A. Padma, G. Rambabu & NVS Raju

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1607 - 1612

Download Article

 
A survey research is conducted among the consumers who reside in Nizamabad district to know the level of awareness on banking services and to identify the demographical barriers which restricts it. The study shows that all consumers are aware about banking services provided by their bank, but only 24% of the consumers are very fairly aware of the services. This study revealed that the demographical factors age, education and occupation affects the awareness of banking services and not effected by other demographical factors like income, gender and caste.
Key words: Financial inclusion, awareness, banking services, demographical factors, relation ship 


Downloads: 294

IDENTIFYING ESSENTIAL TEACHING SKILLS

Charanjit Kaur Dhillon

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1613 - 1620

Download Article
Educationists all over the world have started realizing that only securing enough teachers will not do but more important is securing teachers with right type of knowledge, skills and attitude. A teacher may have abundant knowledge but the right way of conveying units of knowledge to the students can make him competent teacher. For this he needs to expertise over the teaching skills. Teaching has its repertoire of skills. Over the years efforts are being made to identify the essential teaching skills which a competent and effective teacher should have. There are many sources of information for identifying these skills. All those concerned with initial and in-service teacher training, those concerned to monitor the standard and quality of teaching, those involved in schemes of teacher appraisal, those involved in research have produced a massive literature about classroom teaching skills. This paper highlights the different areas of teaching skills identified with the help of these sources of information. Keywords: Identification, Teaching Skills, teachers  


Downloads: 204

A STUDY OF DEPRESSION BETWEEN RETIRED AND WORKING TEACHERS

Jyoti Meshram & Sudhir Sudam Kaware

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1621 - 1628

Download Article
The present study is aimed at studying depression between retired and working teachers. Age ranged between 65 to 82 years (71.4 years mean age) for elderly (Retired teachers) and for young adults (Working teachers) age ranged between 25 to 40 years (31.33 years mean age). They belonged to middle & high socio-economic status with post graduate education. Results indicated normal to mild depression in retired and working teachers as well. The findings of the results showed no significant difference in depression between the retired and working teachers. However, working teachers have higher mean scores as compared to retired teachers. Keywords: Depression, Mental Health, Anxiety, 


Downloads: 364

SOCIO- ECONOMIC STATUS OF SCHEDULED CASTE PEOPLE IN KAMRUP DISTRICT OF ASSAM

Anek Lal Barman

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1629 - 1640

Download Article
The Indian society is based on a caste system with vast inequalities in social, political, economic and educational spheres. The constitution of India is enriched with several provisions for scheduled castes to safeguard and promote their cultural, social, educational, and economic Interests in order to bring them in the mainstream of the society. This paper attempts the Socioeconomic status of the scheduled caste people in Kamrup district of Assam. The present study has been conducted on a purposive sampling of 100 scheduled caste people. The data has been collected through field survey. The results revealed that the socio-economic status of scheduled caste people is low. Keywords: Scheduled caste, education and socio- economic status.  


Downloads: 253

SUPERSTITIONS AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

Charanjit Kaur Dhillon

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1641 - 1628

Download Article
Superstitions are beliefs or feelings which are irrational and cannot be explained by reasons or facts. Even in this age of science, space and technology people still are in the grip of superstitions. The main objective of  the study was to know the level of superstitions  among the girls of age- group 14 to 16 years and to know the difference in the level of superstitions among girls grouped on the basis of type of school, income and education of their parents. Superstition Scale by Dixit and Dubey was used to collect data for the study. The sample consisted of  86 convent and 122 government school  girls and hence, 208  girls from both the schools. The  study found that most of the girls were not superstitious. There  was found a significant difference in the superstition  level of girls  grouped on the basis of the type of school, income and education of parents.  Keywords: Superstition, female adolescents, type of school, education-income, parents 


Downloads: 181

CAPITAL MOBILITY AND FELDSTEIN HORIOKA PUZZLE IN INDIA

Masroor Ahmad

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1649 - 1665

Download Article
This Study attempts to investigate the degree of capital mobility for Indian economy using the Investment – saving Quantitative approach proposed by Feldstein and Horioka in 1980. They hypothesized that low degree of correlation between domestic savings and investment is a measure of higher capital mobility as latter makes international capital pool available for domestic investment. However, the empirical results of their study produced results contrary to their own hypothesis and came to be known as Feldstein- Horioka  puzzle. This was followed by number of studies some of which tried to explain the puzzle where others doubted the saving investment criteria as a measure of capital mobility. This study, using data of  Indian economy tries to investigate  whether Feldstein-Horioka  Puzzle is supported by saving investment behaviour in India or their proposed criteria for capital mobility suits well to the Indian economy, as far as measurement of capital mobility is considered. Using Engel-Granger Cointegration analysis long term equilibrium relationship was found and validity of saving investment criterion was established. 
Key Words:         Investment, Savings, F-H Hypothesis, cointegration.  JEL Classification:     C22, E21, F32. 
1 


Downloads: 272

A STUDY OF SELECTED HYMNS OF SAINT TUKARAM

Nivedita Deshmukh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1662 - 1665

Download Article
In total, an advice was given in all the compositions of all saints to adopt the path of devotion like importance of remembrance of God, devotion without expectation of any fruit, submission to him who is sans discrimination. The entire saints have simplified the path to devotion of God, mancipation of life and attaining the highest place of freedom from life i.e. mokshya, with their self experience only by pronouncing his name. The fulfillment, happiness and freedom from cycle of life and death of the entire human beings is not possible without chanting of Harinama. Dnyandev demanded blessings from his Mentor of peaceful universe by making a pledge of motto ‘I will make the entire universe happy’ and gave upmost place to devotion of Guru. All saints renounced everything and guided the true path of devotion by keeping superstition at bay and not following the path of pilgrimage, giving up the conjugal life and through fasts but by taking refuge to counting His name, reciting Him with true heart. Everyone has to has adopt any profession to meet both hands meet. It might be any profession. But He is omnipresent. Every saint has made his profession great through his devotion. For eg. Savata Mali, Gora Kumbhar, Narhari Sonar, Nama Shimpi, Tukarametc. The truth of presence of God in every living and dead, place should be accepted is the insistence of the saint. Every composition of the saints are pregnant with meanings and they are useful in finding the solution to the problems in the life. Though these compositions are hard to understand, they are useful in convincing the place and importance of saints in life and marital life. While raising Bhagawat sect, Dnyandev has given extract of ideological life development to the society through affluence literature like Dnyaneshwari. In the further period, the holiness and purity of the same extract was preserved by saints Namdev, Eknath, Tukaram etc. SantTukaram was born in the year 1577 and lived most of his life in Dehu, a town close to Pune in Mahārāshtra, India. SantTukaram was a prominent 
VarkariSant and spiritual poet of the Bhakti. SantTukaram was a devotee of Vitthala , a form of god Vishnu.Tukaram\'s full name was Tukaram Bolhoba Aambile. In the said research, a study of  selected hymns of saint Tukaram was conducted.  Key words:  Bhakti, Sadguru,Sant,.  


Downloads: 195

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS IN COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KAPRADA TALUKA

Patel Dilipkumar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1666 - 1677

Download Article
Financial analysis is the process of identifying the financial strengths and weakness of the Organizations from the available accounting data and financial statements. The focus of financial analysis is on key data in the financial statements. The analysis of financial statements is a process of evaluating relationship between component parts of financial statements to obtain a better understanding of the firm’s position and performance. This study aims at analyzing the overall financial profitability of the Shree Mandava Vibhag Bagayati Sahkari Mandali and  Shree Dixal Vibhag Bagayati Sahkari Mandali Ltd. In Kaprada Taluka ” by using various financial tools. The study has been undertaken for the period of 5 years from 2009-10 to 201314. In order to analyze financial efficiency in terms of Profitability  ratios have been used. Key Word:  Gross profit, Net Profit, Return on Investment Ratio, Net profit, Creditors, Sales.   


Downloads: 149

A STUDY ON WAREHOSUING AGENCIES IN INDIA

N. Srinivas kumar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1678 - 1684

Download Article
Traditionally, warehousing involves the storage of raw material, work-in-process inventory or finished goods in a covered space in the most suitable way for a specific time period. It also adds temporal and spatial significance to the value of the commodity. Storage implies preserving. It is the process of carrying surplus production for future consumption. It includes all types of storage, whether traditional method or scientific methods of storage, whether controlled or ambient and maintained by the private or public agencies. On the other hand, warehousing means scientific facilities for storage of commodities, generally combined with the elements of trade and profit. The storage is, thus, a broader term and warehousing forms a part of it. The study is based on mainly secondary data and for some information primary data was collected through personal interviews of CWC employees. For secondary data CWC annual reports of last three years and internet surfing was used. In achieving food security besides producing enough food grains, proper and adequate storage and maintenance of the produced grain is equally important. Key words: Warehousing, Agencies, India  


Downloads: 176

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN PATTERN GROWTH ALGORITHMS FOR MINING SEQUENTIAL PATTERN

Prachi Batwara & Basant Verma

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1685 - 1692

Download Article
Sequential Pattern Mining is very important concept in Data Mining, finds frequent patterns from given sequence. It is used in various domains such as medical treatments, customer shopping sequence, DNA sequence and gene structures. Sequential Pattern Mining Approaches are classified into two categories: Apriori or generate and test approach, pattern growth or divide and conquer approach. In this paper, we are introducing a more efficient algorithm for sequential pattern mining. The time & space consumption of proposed algorithm will be lesser in comparison to previous algorithms & we compare two algorithms of pattern growth algorithms of Sequential Pattern Mining, one is P-prefix span which discovers frequent sequential pattern with probability of inter arrival time and other one is new proposed algorithm named as Percussive algorithm. Our experiment shows that new proposed algorithm is more efficient and scalable then the P-prefix span algorithm. Keywords: Data Mining, Sequential Pattern Mining, Frequent Item set, Support count, Sequence database.  


Downloads: 183

ICT EMPOWERED TEACHER EDUCATORS: STRATEGY FOR CONSTRUCTIVIST LEARNING

Prajnya Paramita Jena

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1693 - 1704

Download Article
Information and communication Technologies (ICTs) are a major factor in shaping the new global economy and producing rapid changes in society. In the present day there is a conscious shift towards approaches that lead to constructivist learning recognizing the use of information technologies. The role of teacher educator/teacher has changed and continues to change from being an instructor to a facilitator and creator of a learning situation. This leads to a challenging task among the teacher educators as they need training not only in computer literacy but also in the pedagogical application of those skills to improve teaching and learning for successful integration of ICTs into teacher education. The paper looks into the challenges and issues faced by teacher educators in the fullest utilization of information and communication technology. It focuses on the professional development of teacher educators in various contexts of infusing technology into the educational system. The paper closes with a suggestion for a planned strategy which gives priority to capacity building of teacher educators ensuring the appropriate, effective and sustainable integration of ICTs that empowers them not just to prepare well trained teachers to implement but also to lead educational innovations that will transform schools and ultimately, all of society. Key Words: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), Constructivist Learning, Teacher Educator.  


Downloads: 221

REMEDIAL INTERVENTIONS FOR ACADEMIC FAILURES AMONG STUDENTS

Nasir mohammad bhat

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1705 - 1718

Download Article
Prevention of academic failure is a serious challenge because children who fail academically experience significant social and economic challenges throughout their lives. Causes of academic failure include familial, socioeconomic, and cultural issues that lead to a lack of readiness for school, academic, instructional, and motivational problems as well as physiological, cognitive, and neurological barriers to learning. This article reviews the field of academic interventions. It describes types and targets of academic interventions; intervention delivery systems; guidelines relating to the selection, implementation, and evaluation of academic interventions; and selected evidence-based strategies. Key Words: Preventions, Interventions, Academic Failures, Academic, Instructional, and Motivational Reasons  


Downloads: 260

MANAGEMENT OF BETEL VINE’S COST OF CULTIVATION

Bharat Vitthal Patil

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1719 - 1732

Download Article
Cost of betel vine cultivation and returns collected on the sale of betel vine leaves were known as most important factor in betel vine cultivation. Cultivators were well conversant with the cost of cultivation of betel vine. The growers of betel vine expected on the basis of cost of cultivation. Generally, price of any article was mostly dependent on cost and profit expected by the produces and mediators. The careful analysis of cost and income assisted to fix a certain price which was accepted by Consumers. The analysis of cost and income assisted betel vine cultivators to control unnecessary and excess expenses while using inputs. Cultivators realized to control expenses for earning more income and even a moderate price was fixed by them to relieve customer. This again furnished cultivators to estimate capital requirements for meeting productive and unproductive expense. Cultivators brought a certain quantity of betel vine leaves for sale on a certain price. Price of the betel leaves were determined by mediators and were paid to cultivators after deducting commission, transportation, loading unloading and other charges etc.Betel vine (Piper Betle Linn.) was an important commercial cash crop.  In India the area under betel vine cultivation was 42287 hectares, in Maharashtra it was 4093 hectares. Betel vine leaves were used for chewing in India and other Asian countries. It was grown inside the artificial created forest area where humidity was more. The betel vine leaves were absolutely indispensable for celebrating marriages, many religious and social functions. Betel vine leaves were treated as holy symptoms for preserving bliss in the family and friendship. All holy days used betel vine leaves for creating and preserving reciprocity among friends and relatives. Betel vine leaves had medicinal values which were beneficial to sweeten the mouth and remove bad smell of the mouth. Betel vine leaves serve as the best medicine to remove acidity, cough, indigestion, septic, etc. Betel leaves were useful for curing Asthma, Bronchitis etc. People were habituated to chew betel vine leaves to wipeout uneasiness and exhaustiveness. Mostly betel vine leaves were used by many in regular intervals to obtain enthusiasm for all functions to do emotionally.The betel vine plant was considered as a perennial, creeping climber. Betel vine leaves were known as broad with pointed tips. It was identified as ever-green element to maintain freshness to all chewing people Betel vine leaves were born alternatively on the stem and branches of the betel vines.  Abstract  


Downloads: 1

CULTURAL DIMENSIONS IN HIGH PERFORMANCE ORGANISATION

Khadilkar Sujay M

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1853 - 1868

Download Article
 


ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND THE RENEWAL OF COMPETENCE

Khadilkar Sujay M

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1853 - 1880

Download Article
 


Downloads: 180

SRI AUROBINDO AND CONSTRUCTIVISM

MINAKSHI BISWAL

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1777 - 1781

Download Article
Day by day the centre of education is being shifted from subject to child theoretically but when it comes to implementation the centre has shifted from child to examination. This system of education is really becoming a nightmare for children and their parents. To come out from this precarious condition one must try to understand the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo. This paper deals about the fundamental principles of constructivism and the educational philosophy of Sri Aurobindo 
18,10,11,20,12,7,6,21,16,14,9,5,1,8,22,13,17,15,19

Downloads: 186

DISPARITIES IN LITERACY RATE OF DALITS IN KARNATAKA AN INTER-DISTRICT LEVEL ANALYSIS

Mohmmed Ashfaq Ahamed

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1733 - 1742

Download Article
 Though the Karnataka state is striving towards achieving universal literacy at a faster pace, but still 35% of the Scheduled Castes population and 38% of the Scheduled Tribes population is still illiterate. The following article has analysed the trends and pattern of literacy rates of Dalits with regard to regions and gender in Karnataka. Statistical and analytical methods such as Averages, Percentages, Range, Disparity Indices and Co-efficient of Variation are employed in the study. It is found that the literacy rate of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe in the state is far behind the benchmark goal of 85% by the Planning Commission. This is a cause of concern. The female SCs and STs are quite worse off when compared to male SCs and STs. The inter-district variations are also quite wider in their case. Further the literacy rate of female SCs and STs across northern backward districts have not crossed 50 per cent. This is one of major challenge that the State should address on a priority concern. Twelfth Plan proposes that efforts will be made for providing functional literacy with special focus to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other disadvantageous groups for keeping track with the objective of Inclusive Growth. It will go long way in sustaining the Dalits improvement in the growth process. Once the literacy rate of female Dalits is improved, it will help them to utilize better economic opportunities and enhance their capabilities, there-by leading to socio-economic empowerment. Key Words: Literacy Rate, Dalits, Gender Disparity, Regional Disparity


Downloads: 155

GOVERNMENT'S STRATEGY IN DEVLOPMENT OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE

P. R. Karulkar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1743 - 1749

Download Article
Infrastructure plays a very important role in tourism development. It is the responsibility of the government to make systematic plan and provision for development of tourism activity in India. Availability of good infrastructure is one of the essential requirements for attracting more tourists, both international as well as domestic, to any tourist destination. If India would be in a plan to provide good infrastructure then it will be the most attractive destination in 21st centuryThe object of this research paper to study the performance of the schemes for development of Tourism infrastructure in XI plan and what will be Government proposed strategies for development of tourism infrastructure in XII plan. This study mainly focuses on the secondary data available on Tourism Report of Government of India. Finally the paper will conclude with remark of sustainable development of Tourism in 21st century is possible only if government will have a proper wisdom and vision while framing Government Policy for tourism development. Key Words: Tourism, Tourism infrastructure, Tourism management, Tourism development, Sustainable Tourism  


Downloads: 214

A STUDY OF THE STUDENT PERCEPTION OF ACADEMIC STRESS DUE TO THEIR PARENTS ABOUT THEIR STUDIES

B.P.Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1751 - 1757

Download Article
 The present study is concerned with the study of student’s perception of academic stress due to their parents about their studies. Researcher prepared a self made questionnaire of 35 questions in English medium and it was administered to 200 students selected from Government and private schools including both male and female students. ’t’ test was used to find out the significant difference. Product Moment Correlation was used to find out correlation between academic stress and parents expectation. It was concluded that there is high significant relationship between Academic stress and parents expectation towards their well being.Similarly it was found out that there is significant difference between the student’s perception of academic stress among government and private male and female students. Keywords: Academics, perception, stress, studies.


Downloads: 145

A STUDY TO EXTRACT COMMON FACTORS FOUND IN LEARNING CHEMISTRY AT SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL

B.P.Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1758 - 1762

Download Article
The present study was concerned with the extraction of common factors found in learning Chemistry at Senior Secondary level. A co-relation matrix was obtained from eighteen reliable and valid objective type tests taken into items and were distributed over the whole course. Investigator decided to use centric method for Factor Analysis of the correlation matrix because it involves less rigorous mathematical calculation and it was easy to interpret psychologically. Guilford and Lacey’s criterion was applied to test the validity of Factor VI. The product of two highest factor loadings fell short of 1/√N. Hence the factor stood rejected. After factorization, it was observed that difference between the obtained and guessed communalities is more than 0.10, and then factor analysis was done afresh, starting with obtained communalities without doing any adjustment in the diagonal cell. After first reiteration it was found that difference between the obtained and guessed communalities is less than 0.10. It was concluded that factor 1 constitutes 60% of the cognitive abilities in Chemistry while the other four factors contribute 40% of the total cognitive abilities in Chemistry.  


Downloads: 135

A STUDY TO INTERPRET COMMON FACTORS FOUND IN LEARNING CHEMISTRY AT SENIOR SECONDARY LEVEL

B.P.Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1763 - 1767

Download Article
 


Downloads: 137

A STUDY OF FACTOR PATTERN IN ORDER TO DISCUSS THE CLUSTER IN WHICH THE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF CHEMISTRY FALL

B.P.Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1768 - 1772

Download Article
The present study was concerned with the investigation of factor pattern in order to discuss the clusters in which the different aspects of achievement in Chemistry fall at senior secondary level. Researcher constructed 18 achievement tests in Chemistry. Authentic scores obtained from reliable and valid objective type tests were taken into items and distributed over the whole course to get factors which were obtained after first reiteration. Orthogonal rotation had to be carried out and Turnstone’s method of Extended Vectors was used, as it leads to the simple structure. Only the first five factors were taken for rotation. The obtained results indicate that the fundamental abilities essential for learning Chemistry are: (a) Conceptual and Visual Perception (b) Deductive Reasoning (c) Mechanism and nomenclature (d) Numerical (e) Inference. Keywords: Factors, Learning, Chemistry, Senior Secondary.  


Downloads: 151

SOME TOOLS IN FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AT SCHOOL LEVEL-ASTUDY

B. Sreekanth Raddy

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1773 - 1776

Download Article
The term ‘evaluation’ is most commonly used for the assessment of the students. Evaluation is both qualitative as well as quantitative process. The evaluation process produces the data for cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives. The experts in educational field always propose for continuous and comprehensive evaluation at all stages of learning. In formative assessment the process of learning enables the learner to reflect on his own performance. To fulfill this purpose self assessment tools have been included at the end of each unit of the textbook. Some of the tools for formative assessment are – 1) Reflections. 2) Writen works.3) Project works. 4) Slip test 


Downloads: 155

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AN ACADEMIC ACHIVEMENT OF CHILD LABOUR REHABILATION AND GENERAL SCHJOOL STUDENTS

Sushma. R.

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1782 - 1792

Download Article
In the field of education and society, achievement and adjustment plays important role, both are faces of a coin. In Education an achievement in school is only possible when there is an adjustment. Whereas concern to education good academic achievement can achieve by adjustment if a child have better adjustment he will be healthier in all the aspects, if a child is active he can attain good academic achievement. Child Labour Rehabilitation schools are the schools which try to remove the child labour and promote them shelter as well as education. Present study helps to compare academic achievement and adjustment of child labour rehabilitation and common school students thus study will help to know the adjustment problems of child labour students and general school students. From this study it was found that the child labour rehabilitation students have better adjustment than general school students.  


Downloads: 176

CREATING A MODEL FOR CLOUD BANKING SERVICES DSS

Aryan Abdullwahab Qader, Shawkat K. Guirguis, Magda M. Madbouly

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1793 - 1798

Download Article
 Cloud computing is a recent advancement wherein IT infrastructure and applications are provided as ‘services’ to end-users under a usage-based payment model. It can leverage virtualized services even on the fly based on requirements varying with time. It is becoming an adoptable technology for many of the organizations with its dynamic scalability and usage of virtualized resources as a service through the Internet. These technical will likely have a significant impact on the Banks in the future. It is an excellent alternative for banks, which are especially under budget shortage, to operate their information systems effectively without spending more capital for the computers and network devices. Banks take advantage of available cloud-based applications offered by service providers and enable their own clients to access their accounts and information. In this research, we present a DSS model of evaluating cloud computing banking services, highlight its key concepts, architectural principles, and the implementation as well as research helping banks to choose the best cloud providers\\\'. The aim of this research is to provide a practical answer for the following questions: 1. What are the best choices of cloud computing for hosting banking services? 2. How effective can cluster and maps between cloud computing providers and banking agencies be? Keywords—Cloud computing; DSS; Cloud Banking.


Downloads: 231

PARYAVARAN SHIKSHAN

K.C. Rajmane

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1799 - 1806

Download Article
 


Downloads: 172

VIDYARTHI SHIKSHKANA SANGNAKDYANVISHAI VATNARI CHINTA ANI TICHA SANGANAK SAMPDANAVAR HONARYA PARINAMANCHA ABHYAS

Lata Subhash More

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1807 - 1814

Download Article
 


Downloads: 354

STUDY OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE OF B.ED. AND B.ED. (SPECIAL) PUPIL TEACHERS

Uday Singh & Preeti Mishra

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1815 - 1822

Download Article
 


Downloads: 138

OCCUPATIONAL EFFICACY AND JOB SATISFACTION OF SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATORS IN KASHMIR

Shabir Ahmad Bhat & Yashpal D Netragaonkar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1823 - 1832

Download Article
 The present study was conducted to compare the occupational efficacy and job satisfaction of school educational administrators in District Kashmir, J&K (India). The sample for the study consisted of 100 school administrators who were heading different educational institutions in Kashmir, J&K (India). The investigator used two standardized tools Sanjaypot Pethe, Sushma Chowdari and Uppinar Dhar self occupational efficacy scale and Job Satisfaction Scale by Amar Singh and T.R Sharma) to collect the data from the field. The investigator used different statistical analysis viz, percentage, mean, S.D and t-test to analyze the data. It was found that male and female School Educational Administrators in School Education differ significantly on Occupational Efficacy. Male and female School Educational Administrators in School Education differ significantly on Job Satisfaction. Keywords: occupational efficacy, job satisfaction, school education, administrators


Downloads: 257

A STUDY OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF KASHMIRI AND PAKHTOONI SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Nighat Basu, Shabir Ahmad Bhat & Rakhshanda Lateef

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1833 - 1842

Download Article
 The present study was conducted to study the Study Mental Health and Academic Achievement of Kashmiri and Pakhtooni Secondary School Students. 200 sample subjects were selected randomly from two ethnic groups’ viz. Kashmiri and Pakhtooni students (100 Kashmiri and 100 Pakhtooni). The investigators used A.K. Singh and Alpana Sen Gupta Mental Health Battery which is highly valid and reliable tool to collect the data from the field. Certain statistical techniques like percentage, S. D., Mean and t-value were used to analyze the data. The result confirms that there is significant mean difference between Kashmiri and Pakhtooni students on their mental health and academic achievement. Keywords: Mental Health, Academic Achievement, Secondary School students, Kashmiri, Pakhtooni


Downloads: 242

SELF-CONCEPT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS IN SRINAGAR

Shabir Ahmad Bhat & Yashpal D Netragaonkar

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1843 - 1848

Download Article
 The study was conducted to compare the self concept and academic achievement of adolescent boys and girls in Srinagar, J&K (India). The sample of the study consisted of 100 adolescent students (50 boys and 50 girls) the sample was selected from different schools of Srinagar by adapting the simple random technique. The investigators used Sagar Sharma`s Self Concept Inventory to assess the self concept of the sample subjects. The tool which was used by the investigators is highly valid and reliable. The academic achievement of previous two years of sample subjects was collected from the official records of their respective schools. The study revealed that the adolescent boys have better self concept than the adolescent girls. No significant difference was found between boys and girls so far as their academic achievement are concerned. Keywords: self concept, academic achievement, adolescent, boys and girls


Downloads: 140

HUMOUROUS METHOD: AN INNOVATION IN THE SCIENCE OF TEACHING & LEARNING

Rabindranath Nayak

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1863 - 1870

Download Article
 If you can love and if you can laugh, totally wholheartedly, your life will become such bliss and a benediction, not only to yourself but to everyone else. You will be a blessing to the world (Osho). The ability to infuse humour into every day life is invaluable for health and happiness. Research evidence, supports what folk wisdom has long held: chuckling at situations and the self is healthy (Dixon 1980; Long , 1987; Martin & Lefcourt , 1983, Nezu, Nezu & Blissett 1988). Humour at the expense of others is something else altogether of course (Blumenfeld & Alpern , 1986). But mirthful laughter, funniness and joking in a playful spirit can enhance mental and physical well being and sometimes can earn heal (Causins, 1981, Graham, 1990; Ornstein & Sobel 1989; Sobel & Ornstein 1996, )Willinghom Jones, 1989.Studies suggest that humour may promote health partly through bolstering the immune system (Berk , 1989, Dillon, Minchoff, & Baker, 1985) Keywords: humour, teaching.


Downloads: 190

EMOTIONAL MATURITY OF INTERNET USER ADOLESCENTS

Anita Deswal

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1871 - 1882

Download Article
 The present investigation was attempted to find out the influence of locale, gender, academic stream, frequency of internet access and their various interactions on emotional maturity of internet user adolescents. The sample comprised of 496 internet user adolescents randomly drawn from metropolitan area (Delhi) and sub-urban area (Bahadurgarh). Data were analyzed by using 2×2×2×3 factorial design. Results showed a significant influence of locale on emotional maturity of internet user adolescents. A significant interactive influence of academic stream and frequency of internet access, locale and academic stream on emotional maturity of internet user adolescent was also observed. Further, results reflect a significant interactive influence of locale, gender and frequency of internet access on emotional maturity of internet user adolescents. The findings of the study show that internet user adolescents whether they are male or female and of any locale and academic stream, have equal opportunity to access the internet according to their convenience without any differentiations and boundaries. These findings have vital implications to educational policy-makers, teachers, parents, psychologists, counsellors and researchers to understand the pattern of internet usage and its influence on adolescents. Key Words: Emotional Maturity, Internet and Adolescents. 


Downloads: 130

PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY: SIGNIFICANCE FOR ADOLESCENTS

Madhuri Hooda & Rani Devi

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1773 - 1778

Download Article
 Every problem is an opportunity for learning. Everybody faces many problems in life. The adolescence age is the age of various problems due to physical and emotional changes. Problem solving is the natural process in human being, but we cannot that it will develop at its best level. It is also a slow process, but with deliberates efforts and special training, skill of problem solving can be developed. Various types of co-curricular activities can be organized frequently to promote qualities such as cooperation, tolerance, open-mindedness and sharing of responsibilities to enhance the Problem Solving Ability. Parents should help their children in solving their problems independently at their own pace. Computer programming enhances problem-solving abilities and promotes creativity and reasoning ability of students. Keywords: Problem solving ability, students


Downloads: 512

MENTAL TOUGHNESS: EXPLORING APPLICATIONS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE IN FOOTBALL

Jaspal Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1878 - 1887

Download Article
 Football is body contact and long duration playing game which needs mentally strong and tough players to win matches and championships. Due to paramount importance of mental toughness in sports and particular in football that present paper focussed to compare the mental toughness between medallist and non-medallist football players and find out the best group among medallist football players of schools, colleges and clubs. The data of three hundred (N=300) football players was collected from Schools, Colleges and Clubs. One hundred (N=100) football players each from schools, Colleges and clubs were randomly selected as subjects for this study. Mental toughness was checked by Dr. Alan Goldberg (2004) Mental Toughness Questionnaire. The means and standard deviations are calculated through SPSS. Test of significance (t-test) was applied to check the significant difference between medallist and non-medallist football players. The significance level was checked at 0.05 levels. The findings of this research paper showed that medallist football players have significantly better on mental toughness as t-value 4.23 of school, 6.11 of college and 7.20 of club level football players found in favour of medallist players. Keywords: - mental toughness, high performance, football, medallist


Downloads: 184

PRACTICAL APPROACH TO STRESS FREE EDUCATION

Ved Prakash

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1896 - 1905

Download Article
 


Downloads: 219

TEACHING COMPETENCE OF STUDENT TEACHERS AT PRIMARY LEVEL

Paresh B. Acharya

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1907 - 1915

Download Article
 A study of teaching competence was conducted by primary student-teacher in relation to their teaching aptitude, intelligence and area. To achieve the objectives of the study Amrutbhai J.Patel ‘s to measure the teacher competence , to measure the teaching aptitude teaching aptitude scale by Dr.Mohanbhai K.Patel for Socially economical status (SES) Prof.K.S.Likhia’s scale was used and for intelligence, Intelligence test developed by Dr.K.G.Desai verbal non-verbal group intelligence test was used. By stratified sampling select a sample units of 388 primary student-teachers were selected by survey method. Data analyzed by the parametric t-test. The results indicated that teaching aptitude & intelligence of the primary student-teachers contribute towards teaching competence significantly. The results indicated that socially economical status (SES) & intelligence area of the primary student-teachers do not contribute towards teaching competence significantly. Key words: teaching competency, teaching aptitude, intelligence. 


Downloads: 169

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS THROUGH LIFE SKILL: A STUDY

Geeta Singh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1916 - 1919

Download Article
 Teachers have the main factor for professionalization of teacher for enhancing and developing themselves. Teachers will be connected throughout the life skill at their own level which also prefers such as the Personal Development. Professional development is the key skill of Personal development. Teachers are adopting some basic things which includes from various point of view and reshape the culture. Today’s condition and competition of all sectors all teachers must be qualify and enhance their own skill for developing professional or personal development at their own level. So all teachers from society must understand the key skill of Professional Development and advocate from social perspective. Primary & Secondary level school teaching and teachers have basically adopting some skill in students and teachers own life. So overall development will be enhanced with life skill at secondary level teacher has too much important than others point of view and The researcher tries to find out the problem in secondary level through life skill in Nanded city and come out with suggestions which could be applicable in the professional development of teacher at secondary level.


Downloads: 254

BHARTETIL KAMI TIVRATECHA SANGHARSH NAKSHALVAD - ANTARGAT SURKSHIESAMORIL AVHAN

D.B.Vagh

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1849 - 1852

Download Article
 


Downloads: 151

UTTARAKHAND KE MAHILA KENDRIT ANDOLANO MAITI ANDOLAN KI BHUMIKA

Arti Sharma

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1853 - 1859

Download Article
 


Downloads: 1924

SAMAJKARYA : ITIHAS AANI PADDHATI

Prof. Dhananjay Lokhande

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1860 - 1864

Download Article
 


Downloads: 175

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ADVENT AND EGRESS OF SAARC

Hemant Kumar Pandey

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1865 - 1874

Download Article
The origin of SAARC could be traced by the proposal given by late President Zia-ur-Rehman of Bangladesh in 1980 which was followed by the circulation of Working Paper on south Asia regional cooperation in November 1980. In April 1981, the Colombo meeting of foreign secretaries of seven states of the region of south Asia, i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka started the formal discussion for the establishment of a institutional mechanism for regional cooperation in south Asian region. This evolution of a regional organization was indeed very late as compared to other regions of the globe. There have been several reasons of so, but the most important was India and Pakistan. The New Delhi meeting of foreign ministers in 1983 became a turning point in evolution of regional cooperation as south Asian regional cooperation (SARC) was launched. After few more meetings the SAARC took its form at Dhaka in 1985. The Dhaka Summit of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) Heads of states adopted the charter of SAARC and marked it as beginning of regional cooperation in South Asia. The SAARC secretariat came into existence in 1987 with its headquarters in Kathmandu. Most of the stateswithin the region has developed a adversary kind of a relationship with India because of the bilateral problems they have with India and a psychological fear of turning India as sole hegemone of the region. As India is the largest of all the member states of the South Asia so, most of the bilateral issue revolves round India and other member states. India-Pakistan relations occupy the center stage of South Asian relations. The major bilateral problems are India’s problems of Kashmir with Pakistan, river water dispute with Nepal, smuggling and river water sharing with Bangladesh. LTTE and Tamil insurgency with SriLanka. All these problems are pure bilateral. India played positive role in SAARC by cheering cooperation in South Asian states. India’s has cordial relation with Maldives, Bhutan and other South Asian states regarding the economic cooperation. The purpose of this study is to examine the state of SAARC after so much bilateral coercion among its members over the years and counts where SAARC played a serious role in economic and regional cooperation in region by loosen up the tension among states. Also the continuous terrorist attacks sponsored by Islamabad on Indian soil and subcontinent and the way it affect the region and the SAARC as an organization.


Downloads: 19

STUDY OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN OF CHANDIGARH

Dazy Zarabi

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1906 - 1930

Download Article Certificate


Kulsudjarit K. Drug problem in southeast and southwest Asia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1025:446–57. [PubMed] Miller WR, Sanchez VC. Motivating young adults for treatment and lifestyle change. In: Howard G, editor. Issues in Alcohol Use and Misuse in Young Adults. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press; 1993. pp. 55–82.

Downloads: 314

Empowering Himachal Pradesh Tribes: Constitutional Safeguards and Development Initiatives

Dr. Sarita Bansal

Received Date: 10/07/2014 | Accepted Date: 25/08/2014 | Published Date: 04/09/2014

Issue: Jul-Aug, 2014 | Volume/Issue:2/13 | Page No.: 1931 - 1945

Download Article

The Constitutional provisions, policies, and programs for the amelioration of tribes in Himachal Pradesh have been pivotal in addressing the socio-economic and cultural needs of the tribal communities in the region. The Tribal areas are very remote and inaccessible having tough, mountainous terrain and inhospitable climatic conditions, thus involving high cost of infrastructural development and harsh living conditions. This paper offers an overview of the initiatives undertaken to uplift these marginalized groups.

Constitutional safeguards such as the Fifth Schedule and Article 244(1) have provided a framework for protecting the rights of tribal communities in Himachal Pradesh. The state government has implemented various policies and programs specifically tailored for the development of these tribes. One of the significant initiatives has been the implementation of the Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP), ensuring a designated budget for tribal development.