Co-teaching is a methodology where two co-teachers use their distinct skills to instruct both academically and behaviourally several courses or classes. This study was designed to give pre service teachers an experience of learning through co-teaching as students. In addition the researchers wanted to find out if co-teaching will cater to the needs of a bilingual classroom and bring about excellence in teaching. The sample of the study consisted of 42 English and Marathi Medium Second Year pre-service teachers of Adarsha Comprehensive College of Education and Research, Pune who opted for the Elective Course BED 204-01 “Guidance and Counselling”. The researchers taught the content of the course using the team-teaching model of co-teaching and collected feedback from the pre service teachers regarding the sessions. The findings of the study indicated that the pre service teachers developed a positive view about co-teaching as a useful teaching methodology for bringing about excellence in teaching and learning. They further showed readiness to use co-teaching in their future career.

The concept of Peeragogy—peer-driven collaborative learning—is increasingly relevant in today’s educational landscape, especially within digital and informal learning environments. Rooted in earlier educational theories like Pedagogy (teacher-led learning), Andragogy (adult-centered learning), and Heutagogy (self-directed learning), Peeragogy marks a shift toward decentralized, participatory learning models. It emphasizes mutual knowledge creation and reflective thinking among learners of similar capabilities, drawing from Vygotsky's social constructivist theory. Peeragogy can manifest in both structured classroom settings and informal group discussions, promoting meta-learning through peer feedback and interaction. The present article discusses how the teaching and learning process has shifted from Pedagogy to Heutagogy and finally highlights the role of Peeragogy to cater to the needs of the 21st century learners.

This research paper evaluates the impact of a capacity building initiative titled ‘Being Job Perfect’ organized by Pillai College of Education and Research (PCER) for final semester B.Ed students. The sessions focused on three core areas—resume writing, mock interviews, and expert talks—aimed at preparing teacher trainees for professional life. A structured Google Form survey was administered to 40 participants from the B.Ed programme. Based on responses to 20 Likert-scale statements, a heatmap was generated by condensing each statement into a single keyword and visually representing the level of agreement using a defined colour code. The findings suggest that students benefited significantly, particularly from the resume writing and mock interview sessions. This paper discusses the effectiveness of each session, interpretations from the heatmap, and gives recommendations for future improvements.This research paper evaluates the impact of a capacity building initiative titled ‘Being Job Perfect’ organized by Pillai College of Education and Research (PCER) for final semester B.Ed students. The sessions focused on three core areas—resume writing, mock interviews, and expert talks—aimed at preparing teacher trainees for professional life. A structured Google Form survey was administered to 40 participants from the B.Ed programme. Based on responses to 20 Likert-scale statements, a heatmap was generated by condensing each statement into a single keyword and visually representing the level of agreement using a defined colour code. The findings suggest that students benefited significantly, particularly from the resume writing and mock interview sessions. This paper discusses the effectiveness of each session, interpretations from the heatmap, and gives recommendations for future improvements.

Sustainable living is a way of accessing one’s needs without harming the potential for the future population to do the same in order to promote inner and outer peace. With the help of sustainable practices, we can imagine a future where the environment, economy, and societies are in harmony. This study looks at how education and knowledge-sharing technologies can support the SDGs and contribute toward an environmentally sustainable world. It draws attention to the ignorance possessed by the stakeholders regarding the SDGs and their responsibilities as global citizens that can encourage them to engage in sustainable living practices. This study uses an exploratory research design to address three progressive objectives: assessing the level of awareness about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) among stakeholders, exploring the role of education in promoting SDGs and identifying effective platforms for spreading awareness about the SDGs. A heterogeneous sampling strategy was applied to achieve different views and experiences to the sample. Structured Google Form survey was used whereby 47 subjects were the target sample. The paper concludes by advocating for educational reforms, community-focused initiatives, and collaborative efforts to foster a thriving, sustainable future.

This study summarises the body of research on the connection between perceived organisational justice, employee mental health and chronic illness. It investigates the effects of distributive, procedural, and interactional aspects of organisational justice on employee mental health, especially when chronic illness is present, by methodically reviewing prior reviews and meta-analyses. In order to guide future studies and organisational policies, the review looks at the mediating mechanisms that underlie these correlations and points out gaps in the literature. The results show that employees' mental health is greatly impacted by their perceptions of organisational justice, with procedural and interactional justice being especially important in determining how fairness is regarded and how well people are feeling overall. Chronically ill workers are particularly susceptible to institutional inequalities, which can worsen mental health issues and lower their standard of living. In order to improve the mental health of workers who are managing chronic diseases, this article emphasises the need for workplace interventions and policies that support equity.

The present investigation studies on the result of certain self-boosting activities on the self-confidence of differently abled secondary school students. These adolescents frequently deal with certain social and psychological issues that can impede their growth both personally and academically. The present investigation follows the quasi-experimental research design. A structured package comprising self-affirmation practices, goal-setting tasks, and peer-interaction activities was developed and implemented among the experimental group. The study's sample size was 30 hearing and speech impaired students from a selected school. Using a quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test control group design, the data were analysed by using t-test which determine changes in self-confidence levels of differently abled secondary school students. The results revealed a considerable improvement in self-confidence of students who participated in the intervention, suggesting the effectiveness of self-boosting strategies in fostering psychological empowerment in differently abled adolescents.

Gender-based violence remains a pervasive issue in rural Rajasthan, manifesting in forms such as domestic violence, honour crimes, and trafficking. Despite the presence of robust legal frameworks like the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, and provisions under the Indian Penal Code, gaps in justice delivery persist. This paper examines the effectiveness of these legal frameworks, with a focus on the interplay between law enforcement, judiciary, and societal attitudes.

Utilizing National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) data from 2018 to 2023, the study highlights trends in reported cases, conviction rates, and regional variations in gender-based violence across Rajasthan. A critical analysis of law enforcement responses, including police training and community initiatives, underscores systemic issues such as underreporting and delays in justice delivery. The role of the judiciary is explored through landmark judgments and the challenges survivors face in accessing justice.

The paper also delves into societal and structural barriers, including stigma and victim-blaming, which hinder effective implementation of laws. Survivor narratives provide a nuanced understanding of the lived experiences of victims and systemic challenges they encounter.

Findings reveal significant gaps in the enforcement of legal provisions, compounded by societal attitudes and inadequate institutional responses. The discussion offers insights into best practices from other jurisdictions and proposes actionable recommendations. These include enhanced training for law enforcement and judiciary, policy reforms for effective implementation, and community-based interventions to reduce stigma and support survivors.

The importance of digital communication skills has increased with the move to online and hybrid learning approaches. However, it has also brought to light a rising issue: the increase in inappropriate netiquette among both teachers and students. This study looks at the effects of inappropriate digital behaviour in virtual learning settings on psychology, pedagogy, and technology. Examples of poor netiquette include dismissive tone, excessive informality, delayed responses, or disruptive online behaviour. These behaviours impair cognitive engagement, raise academic anxiety, and undermine the social presence required for collaborative learning. The study examines the effects these behaviours have on learner motivation, peer relations and instructor credibility following constructivist and socio-cognitive frames. The study also references mixed methods research from various prospective teachers’ institutions to establish both structurally and contextually the forces that agitate these problems. As a response, it proposes a multi-pronged effort to incorporate institutional policies enforcement; adaptive feedback systems, teacher behaviour modelling; and instructions of digital citizenship. These are projects aimed at enabling ethical use of educational technology in teacher education through design of more inclusive and psychologically safe digital learning space as well as the norms of online academic conduct.

Democracy is a contract made by the people with the people. In this contract, people are on both sides. But there are some people on one side and many people on the other. Although many of these people seem to have handed over power to some people, the real power is not in the hands of a few people but in the hands of many people. Many of these people have to decide what method we want. Even though the idea of ??holding one nation, one election is currently being considered in the country, it is also necessary to instill that idea in the minds of the people. We will have to decide whether this decision is right or wrong by considering the people's thoughts. Even though the government team is ready to hold one nation, one election, it is equally important to prepare the people. People should not feel that any decision is being imposed on them. For this, have any questions arisen in the minds of the people in this regard? We will also have to think about this. Or we will have to know what exactly the people expect. This research paper is an attempt to find out what exactly is in the minds of the people.

Higher education plays vital role for creating knowledge and information based society. The mission and vision of higher education is to educate, train, and undertake research activities and service to the community. In such condition, it is necessary to have an effective and efficient quality assurance mechanism in our country. NAAC is a body established by the University Grants Commission of India to assess and accredit institutions of higher education in the country. The role of NAAC in ensuring the quality in defining the element of Higher Education in India through a combination of self and external quality evaluation, promotion and sustenance initiatives. To understand the procedures followed by NAAC, to evaluate quality of higher education institutions, to study how quality dimensions of higher education institutions have improved across different time periods will be addressed in this research topic. This topic stresses the perspectives of higher education in Indian educational development, NAAC and its efforts to bring quality in higher education.

As per the survey of Niti Ayog (2021) Bihar is one of the economically deprived states in India. Most of the population of Bihar belong to rural area and they are underprivileged and having limited sources of income which leads to poverty. The main objective of “Jeevika” is to provide financial support to the underprivileged people to attain financial freedom and support to become economically self-dependent. The JEEVIKA - Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society works under the Department of Rural Development, Government of Bihar. This project comes under the National Rural Livelihoods Mission. This project has paved a new path for women’s empowerment specially in terms of economy. The present study is to explore the influence of the Jeevika Project on the overall socio-economic developments of rural women of Turkaulia Block in East Champaran (Bihar). The JEEVIKA is a group of Self-help (SHGs) women popularly known as Jeevika Didi. To attain this objective, a total of 266 women, out of which 131 women belong to SHGs and 135 women do not belong to SHGs, were selected as samples through a multistage sampling technique based on the highest proportion of SHGs from Turkaulia East Gram Panchayat of Turkaulia block of East Champaran district of Bihar. The result shows that the Jeevika project had a positive impact on the socio-economic empowerment of rural women in Bihar. Consequently, a significant increase in the level of empowerment of rural women with the help of Jeevika project and in their personal and social development through the income generation and financial support from this project. It enhances and establishes the self-esteem of the economically deprived women in the society

Bharat (India) is a land of diversity having its roots firmly ingrained in the culture and traditions. Women are considered as an empowering force who can carry the badge of both modernity and tradition with grace. A tendency to imbibe ultra-modernism in the name of empowerment and distorting the meaning of true feminism has jeopardized the true essence of women’s demeanor. The objective of the paper is to identify the gap leading to such massive cultural change of women who held equal parameters as those of men. This article will provide a qualitative background of the issues and concerns of more divorce cases, lifestyle changes in women’s perspectives, socio-economic influences of the west on women which has led to weakening of relationships at large.

Section 17 of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (in short ‘the Senior Citizens Act’) bars lawyers, advocates and legal practitioners from representing parties before Maintenance and Appellate Tribunals. This provision is the subject of wide judicial scrutiny. Several High Courts declared it ultra vires to Section 30 of the Advocates Act, 1961. This article critically examines the constitutional validity of Section 17 of the Senior Citizens Act analyzing landmark judgments, legislative intent and the broader consequences for access to justice for senior citizens.

Progress cannot merely be defined by restructuring or redeveloping conventional/existing methods, alone. When the first automobile was invented, it was done with hopes to revolutionize the way we travel. We didn’t focus on making horses go faster, but rather developed machines that could take us to farther distances, with comfort and reliability. Similar hopes surround the idea of innovation, and with that being said, every innovator in our current technological and industrial landscape has been occupied with development and innovation, through the creation of new designs, gadgets and technologies. Amongst such inventions, artificial intelligence (AI) has taken the world by storm, revolutionizing every sector it entered. Here, in this brief exploration, we shall look into the contributions of AI in education and how it reshaped teaching/learning processes, with a special emphasis on the nature and technical features of AI, it’s relevance and an outlook on the future of education.

This study examines the awareness and knowledge of National Education Policy (NEP-2020) among secondary teacher educators in Himachal Pradesh, having special emphasis on various demographic variables. India’s major educational reform of 21st i.e. NEP-2020 aims to enhance quality, inclusivity and interdisciplinary learning, thereby transforming the whole educational landscape of the country. It is very crucial to understand the role of the secondary teacher educators along with their awareness of the policy to effectively implement it at grassroot level. This study by using structured survey and statistical analysis tried to identify key trends and demographic differences in the levels of awareness. Findings and conclusions indicate that awareness differs significantly based on certain factors under consideration, highlighting the need for targeted training and professional development. The results of the research offer insights for policymakers and education administrators to improve the understanding and implementation of NEP-2020 across educational institutions.

The Gram Panchayat plays a significant role in the democratic decentralization process, as it is the institution at the bottom level of the system; drawing villagers closer to participate in decision-making instances. The path of decentralization has been successful in some parts of the country; but disparities are present in certain regions/districts in terms of effectiveness of implementation, functioning of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), and self-generated development initiatives. In the light of above, a detailed study/survey on understanding capacities of grampanchayats in the Shavamogga Districts. The primary focus of the study was to understand the Political parties participatedin the  panchayat raj.

Banking system plays an important role in promoting economic growth by allocating efficiency of resources. The strength and soundness of the banking system primarily depends on the quality of the assets. One word that terrifies banking industry is Non-Performing Assets (NPA). NPA not only effects banking industry but also effects the economy. The bottom line of any bank gets influenced by the changes in Non-Performing Assets. What’s the blunt thing is NPA’s does not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such assets. This paper is intended to explore a brief comparison between SBI bank and AXIS bank. The objective of the research is to know the Gross NPA’s, Net NPA’s and Return of Assets of SBI bank and AXIS bank for the last 5 years. The data for the study is secondary data which is collected from respective official websites of banks. The percentage method is used to analyze the 5 years data of these two banks which are SBI bank and AXIS bank.

This study reports the synthesis of novel copper (II) and cobalt (II) complexes using a newly derived ligand based on the hydrazine of isoniazid. These complexes have the general compositions [M(L)?X?], where L represents isonicotinic acid [1-(4-methyl-phenyl) ethylidene]hydrazide (INAMPEH) and X is  Cl?. The hydrazine ligand functions as a neutral bidentate donor, coordinating through the carbonyl oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen atoms. Based on elemental analysis, molecular weight determinations, magnetic susceptibility, thermogravimetric analysis, electrochemical measurements, and various spectroscopic techniques, the complexes have been characterized as having an octahedral geometry. Antibacterial and antifungal studies indicate that these complexes exhibit moderate activity against both bacteria and fungi.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has emerged as a transformative technology in smart healthcare systems, enabling efficient patient monitoring, medical asset tracking, and real-time data management. However, the open and wireless nature of RFID communication exposes sensitive medical information to diverse security threats such as eavesdropping, replay, cloning, and man-in-the-middle attacks. To address these vulnerabilities, robust authentication protocols have been developed, ranging from lightweight schemes suited for resource-constrained RFID tags to advanced cryptographic approaches leveraging Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), pseudo-identity mechanisms, and blockchain integration. In healthcare environments, authentication protocols must not only ensure confidentiality, integrity, and privacy of patient data but also remain computationally efficient to meet real-time demands. This paper reviews existing RFID authentication protocols in healthcare, analyzing their security features, performance trade-offs, and applicability to Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled medical ecosystems. It further highlights research gaps and emerging trends, paving the way for designing secure, scalable, and interoperable RFID-based healthcare systems.

The revolution of digital currency, encompassing both cryptocurrencies and the potential introduction of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), has significant implications for India's financial landscape. Cryptocurrencies have gained traction as alternative assets, payment methods, and cross-border transaction facilitators. However, regulatory uncertainties, financial stability concerns, and security issues pose challenges. Simultaneously, India is exploring the hype of a CBDC to elevate financial inclusion and payment system efficiency. Digital currencies offer several favourable benefits, like the fast and efficient cross-border transactions, reduced reliance on intermediaries like banks, and increased financial inclusion. However, they face several challenges such as regulatory concerns, security risks, and the potential for misuse in illegal activities due to their pseudonymous nature.

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of Sino-Indian relations in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Marked by the 2020 Galwan Valley clash and heightened border tensions, the post-pandemic period up to 2023 witnessed a complex interplay of strategic rivalry and economic interdependence. India’s push for economic self-reliance through initiatives like Atmanirbhar Bharat, coupled with restrictions on Chinese investments and technology, redefined bilateral economic ties. Simultaneously, geopolitical competition intensified in the Indo-Pacific region, with India strengthening alliances and China pursuing regional influence through the Belt and Road Initiative. Despite challenges, both countries maintained critical diplomatic dialogue and multilateral engagements, reflecting a nuanced coexistence of contestation and cooperation. This study highlights the significance of sustained dialogue and strategic management to navigate a changing geopolitical landscape shaped by the pandemic.

Village admiration or local administration is a fundamental unit which is accountable and responsible for smooth functioning of administration and development of infrastructure at local level. The objective of the present research article is to explore integrity and similarities of local administration between Ancient India and Independent India. The research article explored that the   similar executive, legislature and judicial functioning are existed in ancient India and Independent India.  The researchers also found that the various similar structural and functional dimensions of local administration in both era.    

Smart Homes connect the many electronics and appliances found in practically all homes, as well as building environment systems, which are more commonly seen in factories and offices so that an entire home can be operated centrally – or remotely – as a single unit. This technology offers the prospect of significant improvements in the living standards of the people, especially the elderly, infirm and disabled. Without automated domestic activities, many of these may have otherwise been reliant on home care. These advantages, however, will only be recognized if the technology becomes more affordable and available to those who need it the most. This is only conceivable if a larger consumer market emerges, driving prices down and expanding availability. The research conducted on the potential consumers helps identify whether a mass consumer market for Smart Homes could exist. This research will provide background context to the potential development of the Smart Homes market. For this purpose, a survey of over 200 households will be examined to understand consumers’ attitudes and interest in the Smart Home concept and interviews with key specialists will be conducted to determine their perspectives on the future of Smart Homes.

Education policy 2020 provides for reforms at all levels of education from school to higher education. It seeks to increase the focus on early childhood care, reform the current exam system, strengthen teacher training and restructure the education regulatory framework. It also seeks to set up a National Education Commission, increase public investment in education, strengthen the use of technology and increase focus on vocational and adult education, among others. Key observations and recommendations of the draft Policy include.