The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduced by the Government of India, marks a historic transformation in education system of India. With a focus on holistic, flexible, and multidisciplinary learning, the policy aims to keep ready learners with 21st-century skills and reduce disparities in access and quality. This paper explores some key opportunities created by NEP 2020, such as transformational structural reforms, early childhood education reform, emphasis on vocational skills, and integration of technology. Also addresses some major challenges like implementation variability across States, resource limitations, and teacher training. This paper suggest some possible solutions and recommendations for effective and inclusive implementation of the policy.

The major intent of the study was to identify the relationship between executive function and academic success of tribal adolescents belonging to the Jharkhand state of India and to examine the relationship between academic success and the executive function of tribal adolescent boys and girls separately and as a whole. The study comes under survey design of descriptive type of research. The investigator collected data from 378 students from different districts of Jharkhand using a stratified sampling technique. The data were collected by using a standardized scale on executive function, and for academic success, 10th-grade adolescents' academic scores on their 9th-grade examinations were taken into consideration. The results of the study revealed that the relationship between executive function and academic success of tribal adolescents of Jharkhand is significantly positive but negligible. However, the study also revealed that the academic success of adolescents is not significantly related to either cognitive flexibility or the inhibition control component of executive function, but the dimension of working memory has a significant relationship with academic success. Further, the study also shows that there is a positive relationship between executive function and academic success among tribal adolescent boys, but the reverse result was reported in the case of the girls. Therefore, it can be recommended that the teachers are expected to focus on different dimensions of executive function i.e. cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibition control to exert a healthy lifestyle among the students that is expected to enhance the executive function, academic success, and the overall well-being.

The Sale of Goods Act, 1930, establishes the legal rights, obligations, and liabilities in commercial transactions, particularly regarding the transfer of title. Under Sections 27-30, the Act follows the principle of Nemo dat quod non habet—a seller cannot transfer a better title than he possesses. If the seller’s title is defective, the buyer’s title is also defective. For instance, if a thief sells a stolen car, the buyer acquires no valid title. However, exceptions exist under the Sale of Goods Act and the Indian Contract Act, allowing a buyer to obtain a good title despite the seller’s defective ownership. These exceptions protect bona fide buyers and facilitate smooth transactions while preventing fraud. This article examines the concept, its exceptions, and their significance in legal contexts.

This review synthesizes scholarly insights on voter behavior in India, with a case focus on Malda district, West Bengal. It examines classical frameworks – rational-choice, sociological, psychological, and media effects – and their relevance to Indian elections. We trace national trends (Congress dominance to coalition politics to personality-driven voting) and West Bengal’s distinctive shift from Left Front rule to Trinamool Congress (TMC) ascendancy and rising BJP influence. Malda exemplifies these shifts: historically a Congress bastion under Ghani Khan Choudhury, it has become a three-way contest among Congress, TMC, and BJP. Key determinants in Malda include caste and religion (notably the Muslim majority and Matua Scheduled-Caste bloc), economic class and welfare schemes, media exposure (traditional and social), and charismatic leadership appeals. We draw on electoral data and case studies: for example, Figure 1 (below) plots the 2014–2024 Lok Sabha vote shares for major parties in Maldaha Dakshin, showing Congress’s decline and BJP’s rise. A summary Table 1 presents Malda’s 2021 Assembly results. The literature confirms that Indian voters respond both to identity and material incentives: economic performance and welfare schemes can sway voters (in line with rational choice expectations), while group identity (caste, religion) often remains salient. Media penetration and candidate image have grown in influence. In Malda’s socio-political context – poor, agrarian, and demographically diverse – these factors intersect: Muslim-majority areas have gravitated toward co-religious leadership, while welfare initiatives (e.g. Kanyashree, Sabuj Sathi) and development issues influence low-income voters. Our review highlights how both traditional loyalties and evolving contemporary dynamics shape Malda’s electoral landscape, reflecting broader patterns in Indian democracy.

In an era of increasing classroom diversity, traditional physics instruction—often grounded in Eurocentric and decontextualized approaches—fails to meet the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse learners. This study explores the integration of culturally responsive teaching (CRT) in physics teacher preparation, emphasizing the importance of aligning physics education with students’ cultural experiences, identities, and community knowledge. Drawing on sociocultural learning theory and equity-oriented pedagogies, the paper highlights key CRT principles such as building on students’ cultural assets, maintaining high academic expectations, and fostering critical consciousness. The research underscores the challenges physics educators face in adopting CRT, including limited teacher preparation, curriculum rigidity, and misconceptions about academic rigor. To address these barriers, the study proposes strategies for embedding CRT into teacher education programs, including reflective practice, community-based learning, and curriculum redesign. By preparing future physics teachers to be culturally responsive, the study contributes to more inclusive, engaging, and effective science education, ultimately aiming to increase representation and success among historically marginalized student populations.

Advertising has a big impact on consumer behavior, especially when it comes to food choices. This review looks at the literature on how advertising affects dietary preferences and selection, with a focus on kids and teens. It also discusses the psychological mechanisms behind the effectiveness of advertising, the media platforms that are involved, and the implications for public health policy. The findings emphasize the need for stricter laws and educational initiatives to support healthier food environments.

In the modern digital age, media has become a powerful tool in shaping the educational experience. From traditional print to digital platforms, media has significantly transformed how knowledge is shared and acquired. This research paper explores the various forms of media—print, audio-visual, internet, and social media—and their roles in enhancing the learning process. It also highlights the benefits media brings to education, such as accessibility, interactivity, and personalized learning, while addressing challenges like digital divide, misinformation, and distraction. The study concludes with suggestions for effective media use to promote equitable and high-quality education.

Teaching has come a long way, and has become more interactive and experiential for both, teachers, and learners. Hence, the need of the hour is a quality teacher’s education programme to streamline, rational and address pedagogical issues. Teacher education courses are very much connected to practice as well as theory (https://files.eric.ed.gov/). It cannot be denied that ‘quality’ of education is a direct consequence and outcome of the quality teacher’s education programmes. Good quality teacher-education programme enhances their proficiency & competency to face new challenges in the field of education in today’s technology driven scenario.

This paper is an attempt to indicate changes that has incurred in teacher education in India and provide an overview of trends, reforms, and innovations in teacher education programmes. It also discusses the need of innovative practices that can be included in teacher education programmes; not only to facilitates improvement of school education; also committed and professionally well qualified teachers to meet the challenges in rapidly changing technologically driven globalized world.

Bihar has been a successful case in mobilizing Dalits and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) to a political domain with electoral politics from different castes.It emphasized on unreserved constituency to gain further vision into social life and historical background that helps to shape of the contemporary political engagement.  Here, some efforts has been raised to present a detailed analysis of a selected district of Bihar- Gaya. Within this, from the Gaya district Sherghati (unreserved) panchayat which is total 40,666 (As of 2011 census date) (4 lakhs + approximately as of 2024 out of which 30% are muslim. It has a strong historical background including monuments and forts and also in political matters including parties like JD. It carries legacy in itself which carries stories courageously. Sherghati is a town of Gaya district with unreserved constituency which is working to provide reservations for their people.

In today’s digital age, social media has become an essential part of adolescents' daily lives, influencing their mental well-being in various ways. While it enables communication, self-expression and access to information, it also presents risks such as cyberbullying, comparison-based anxiety and digital addiction. This qualitative study explores the complex relationship between social media usage and mental health among Class 12 students in the Sambalpur district of Odisha. Focusing on students who actively use social media and have encountered its psychological effects, the study employed purposive sampling to select nineteen participants aged 16 to 18. Semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion were conducted to gain in-depth insights into their experiences. Thematic analysis revealed a dual impact while social media provided emotional support and a sense of connection, it also contributed to low self-esteem, anxiety, distraction and feelings of inadequacy. The findings underline the importance of digital literacy, emotional resilience and balanced screen time in promoting student well-being. The study advocates for collaborative efforts from schools, parents and policymakers to foster healthier digital habits among adolescents.

Blended learning, which thoughtfully combines traditional face-to-face instruction with digital platforms, has emerged as a powerful approach in modern teacher education. This study explores its impact on the pedagogical and professional development of pre-service teacher educators. Using a quantitative descriptive-survey design, responses were collected from 50 pre-service educators across nine core competency domains: Subject & Pedagogical Knowledge, Communication Skills, Classroom Management, Digital Competency, Assessment & Evaluation, Creativity & Innovation, Reflective Thinking, Inclusivity & Empathy and Professional Values & Ethics. A structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire guided the data collection, with results analysed through descriptive statistics and visual interpretation.

The findings revealed consistently high positive perceptions, with all mean scores above 4.2, indicating a significant influence of blended learning. Top-rated domains included Inclusivity & Empathy (M = 4.36), Assessment & Evaluation (M = 4.34) and Digital Competency (M = 4.32), highlighting the model’s role in developing not only technical but also emotional and ethical teaching capacities. Participants acknowledged that the blended approach encouraged flexibility, reflection, creativity and responsiveness to diverse learner needs.

Punyashloka Ahilyabai Holkar (1725–1795) was a visionary ruler whose governance model emphasized justice, social welfare, and inclusive administration. The main objectives of this research paper were to examine her leadership by focusing on her governance principles, administrative strategies, socio-economic policies, welfare schemes, and their contemporary relevance. For this study, a qualitative approach was used by searching secondary sources, including various online academic databases, websites, and conference proceedings.

This study emphasized how well Ahilyabai employed decentralized governance, an impartial judicial system, and liberal reforms, including a fair taxation system.

Her policies promote social justice and economic development. Her dedication to sustainable development is evident in her support of women's empowerment, cultural preservation, and state infrastructure, which aligns with the goals of contemporary governance. The study concludes that Ahilyabai Holkar’s leadership is a timeless model for modern policymakers, providing insights into social justice, inclusive governance, and sustainable progress. As a result, her legacy is extremely relevant in today’s sociopolitical environment.

The integration of ICT in primary school education has transformed teaching and learning processes worldwide. This study explores the impact of ICT on primary education, with a focus on the opportunities it presents and the challenges it poses. Employing a mixed method approach data were collected through surveys, interviews and classroom observations across selected primary schools. The findings indicate that ICT enhances students engagement, promotes interactive learning and improves access to educational resources. Additionally ICT offers opportunities for differentiated instruction and supports the development of digital literacy skills from an early age. However the study also identifies significant challenges including inadequate infrastructure, limited access to devices, insufficient teacher training and unequal implementation across different schools.

Schools play a crucial role in shaping young minds who will become future global citizens. Therefore, selecting the right kind of education is essential for the holistic development of a child’s personality. With a variety of school boards available in India, parents are increasingly inclined towards international curricula such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) and Cambridge IGCSE, rather than traditional Indian boards like SSC, CBSE, or ICSE. Why are parents inclined to IB and IGCES boards instead of the other school boards. What is their take on the IB and IGCSE boards. How are these different from the other boards? To better understand this shift in parental preference, a survey method was employed targeting parents across the Mumbai region. The study aimed to gather insights into their views on IB board schools. The key findings revealed that a significant number of parents expressed a clear preference for IB board schools due to their learner-centric methodology, IB curriculum nurtures soft skills and helps students become confident, independent thinkers, and the assessment and evaluation practices in IB schools were seen as progressive, moving beyond rote learning and grades to emphasize conceptual understanding and personal growth.

This study examines the occurrence of Non-Governance in national sport federation in Sri Lanka. While much of the existing literature emphasizes good governance practices, there is a notable gap regarding the causes and consequences of Non-Governance within national sport federations. This research aims to address this gap and contribute to the field of sport governance. A qualitative research approach was employed, using the Fishbone Model as the theoretical framework to identify root causes of governance failures. Thematic analysis was utilized to categorize and interpret the collected data. Sixteen key personnel from selected national sport federations were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews. Due to ethical considerations, the names of the federations are not disclosed. The findings are limited in generalizability as the study covers only a subset of ten federations out of seventy-four in the country. The study reveals root causes that contribute to the persistence of Non-Governance within these federations. It further highlights how personal prestige and power dynamics among officials often take precedence over the advancement of national sport performance, thereby sustaining the cycle of governance failures. This research concludes that addressing Non-Governance requires acknowledging the complex and interrelated causes that maintain it. Future research opportunities abound in this area, particularly using divers methodologies to deepen understanding and propose solutions

This is a comparative study between the sighted and visually impaired students regarding their attitude towards biology and academic achievement in Biology. To taste the objectives of study researcher made hypotheses   that   there is no significant difference in the   attitude towards Biology between sighted and visually impaired students towards biology, and there is no significant difference in the academic achievement between sighted and visually impaired students in biology. After data analysis both the hypotheses were rejected. Result clearly shows that there is significant difference in the attitude and academic achievement between both the groups. Researcher found that sighted student has more positive attitude towards biology as well as more academic achievement in Biology than the visually impaired students. This clearly reveals that the attitude towards Biology affects the academic achievement in Biology. Thus, this study suggest that teacher of biology should try to develop more positive attitude in visually impaired students towards Biology to improve their Academic achievement in Biology. This study had limitation due to small sample size which can generalize only with considerable risk.       

This study critically examines the extent to which the objectives and perspectives of Navodaya Vidyalayas (NVs) are being achieved in the context of Odisha, a state marked by geographical diversity and socio-economic disparities. Navodaya Vidyalayas, established under the National Policy on Education (1986), aim to provide quality and value-based education to talented rural children, promote national integration, and ensure equitable access to educational opportunities. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, document analysis, and observations across selected JNVs in various districts of Odisha.

The findings reveal that NVs in Odisha are largely successful in fulfilling their core objectives, particularly in terms of academic excellence, nurturing rural talent, and promoting cultural integration through inter-regional migration. However, the study also identifies challenges such as resource constraints, teacher shortages, and administrative delays that affect the consistent achievement of institutional goals. Furthermore, while the residential model fosters discipline and holistic development, disparities in access and socio-cultural adjustment remain areas of concern for first-generation learners and tribal students.

This analysis offers practical implications for policymakers, educational administrators, and stakeholders to strengthen institutional frameworks, ensure better implementation of policies, and replicate effective practices in similar educational settings. The study contributes to the broader discourse on inclusive and quality education in India’s public schooling system.

This study investigates the current state of digital infrastructure and the usage of ICT tools in government schools of the Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh. Through a survey of 99 school heads (GHS  30, GMS  18 and GSSS  51), we evaluated the availability of devices, internet access, training, and support mechanisms. While some progress is evident in infrastructure and teacher readiness, significant gaps persist in equitable access and effective implementation. The paper provides data-backed insights into challenges and suggests policy-level interventions to enhance digital learning outcomes.

This study explores pre-service teachers' awareness of reflective practices using a 50-item scale across five domains: Teaching-Learning, Student-Teacher Relationships, Evaluation, and Professional Development. Data from 433 participants indicate an overall positive awareness, with the highest mean score in Teaching-Learning (4.0) and the lowest in Evaluation (3.6). One-sample t-tests showed significant differences from neutrality in 49 out of 50 items, suggesting strong opinions among participants. Higher reflective awareness was observed among older pre-service teachers, women, and urban respondents, while younger, male, and rural pre-service teachers showed more neutral responses. These findings highlight a general readiness among pre-service teachers to engage in reflective thinking, though targeted support is needed to strengthen awareness in specific groups and domains.

This paper examines the impact of Smartphone use on the mental health of tribal youth in India, a demographic facing unique challenges due to socio-economic marginalization and limited access to mental health care. The main objective of this research is to explore how digital technologies affect the mental Health and well-being of tribal youth, focusing on both the positive and negative consequences. Digital technologies, such as mobile apps, social media and text messaging programs, offer promising mental health interventions by improving access to information, support and services. However, excessive Smartphone use has been linked to issues like anxiety, sleep disturbances, social isolation and academic difficulties. The study utilizes secondary data from various peer-reviewed articles, reports and publications gathered from databases like Google Scholar, ResearchGate and government sources. This review synthesizes findings from empirical studies, government initiatives and global research to provide insights into the complex relationship between Smartphone use and mental health.  It is revealed from the review of literature that the dual impact of mobile phone use on tribal youth's mental health, highlighting both benefits for access to care and risks like addiction, anxiety and cultural disconnection.

This study critically examines the role of managerial trust in shaping the quality of industrial relations within unionized manufacturing firms. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of twenty peer-reviewed empirical studies across global contexts, the paper highlights trust as a multidimensional construct rooted in communication transparency, grievance responsiveness, mutual respect, and employee participation. The literature reveals that managerial trust significantly influences labor-management cooperation, grievance resolution, employee engagement, and overall industrial relations climate. High levels of managerial trust are consistently associated with lower conflict rates, enhanced voice mechanisms, and improved organizational performance. Conversely, the absence of trust contributes to adversarial labor dynamics, employee withdrawal, and deteriorating workplace outcomes. The review integrates theoretical perspectives from social exchange theory, equity theory, and strategic negotiation frameworks to contextualize how managerial behavior encourages or undermines trust. The synthesis underscores the need for consistent, inclusive, and fair management practices as a basis for building sustainable and harmonious industrial relations in unionized settings. The findings provide a strong theoretical and empirical foundation for future research and practical interventions aimed at improving industrial relations through relational mechanisms such as trust.

The intricate tapestry of India-China relations, often dominated by geopolitical rivalry and border disputes, frequently overshadows a foundational, albeit idealistic, chapter in their shared history: the 'Panchsheel' ideal. The formal articulation of the Panchsheel principles in the 1954 Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet Region of China and India was not an arbitrary event but the culmination of profound philosophical traditions and an evolving post-colonial global order.

The initial euphoria surrounding Panchsheel, however, proved to be tragically short-lived, succumbing to the harsh realities of Realpolitik and clashing national interests. The first significant strain emerged with the Tibetan crisis of 1959.

Beyond formal diplomacy and economics, soft power and cultural exchanges have also seen a remarkable resurgence, contributing to a more nuanced understanding between the two societies. Indian phenomena like Bollywood films, Yoga, and Ayurveda have gained considerable popularity in China, fostering people-to-people connections that transcend political differences.

Digital banking in India has undergone a revolutionary transformation over the past decade, driven by rapid advancements in technology, government initiatives like Digital India, and the growing penetration of smartphones and internet connectivity. This paper explores the current trends shaping the digital banking sector, analyzes its growth trajectory, and offers interpretations on future opportunities and challenges. The research is based on recent secondary data, case studies, and a survey-based on  100 users across urban and semi-urban areas.

Empowerment of women in general as well as constitutional perspective. It is about Constitutional provision for women and also other factor for women empowerment. Women require social, economic, political, social and legal empowerment. The National women commission was established in 1990. 73rd and 74th amendment played vital role in women empowerment at grass root level. 33% reservation of women at lower level of the democracy increases the participation of women in decision making process. It is subject to sorrow that women reservation bill is pending in parliament which is regarding 33% reservation for women in parliament and State assemblies. The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have aimed at womens advancement in different spheres. India has also ratified various international conventions and human rights instruments committing to secure equal rights of women. Key among them is the ratification of the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) in 1993 . In India, the Constitution makers while drafting the Constitution were sensitive to the problems faced by women and made specific provisions relating to them. The Indian Constitution guarantees that there shall be no discrimination on the grounds of gender. There are various legal provisions for women safety and empowerment in Indian Constitution but the irony is, half of the population is unaware of their legal rights. In this paper we will discuss the important constitutional and legal provisions for women empowerment in India.

Education is not only the main pillar of nation-building, but through education, a nation moves towards progress. By the united force of men and women, especially women, a country leads its way to the path of success. Women’s empowerment is a necessity for this success.  Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru once said: “If you educate a man you educate an individual, however, if you educate a woman you educate a whole family. Women empowered means mother India empowered”. Education has been identified as a crucial factor in women's empowerment, enabling them to participate fully in social, economic, and political spheres. Education helps women become aware of their rights, dignity, and opportunities. However, women still face significant barriers to accessing education, particularly in developing countries. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature on women's access to education and importance of education in women empowerment. It examines the various factors that affect women's access to education, including cultural norms, poverty, discrimination, and lack of resources. The paper also highlights the challenges that remain in ensuring women's access to education, status of women education, need for women empowerment and the policies, provisions and programs that can help overcome these challenges.