Water is central to sustainability and everyday life on university campuses. This mixed-method ethnographic study uses respondents like students, maintenance staff, hostel wardens, and administrative officers at Somaiya Vidyavihar to examine how water knowledge, ethical outlooks, and decision-making intersect in campus water practices. Quantitative survey items measured awareness of campus water-conservation initiatives, frequency of conscious water-saving behaviours, perceived meanings of water, participation in campaigns, and perceived decision-makers. Qualitative open responses were analysed thematically to surface recurrent concerns and suggestions. Results show that 58.4% of respondents report being aware of campus water-conservation efforts, while 20.3% indicated uncertainty and 21.3% said they were not aware. About 39.5% perceive water primarily as a utility, 43.9% as a shared responsibility, and 16.6% as a sacred element. Only 21.5% had participated in water-saving campaigns; 78.5% reported they had not. Major recommendations from respondents centred on repairing leaks, installing low-flow fittings and dual-flush systems, strengthening rainwater harvesting, and running targeted awareness programs. The study concludes with targeted recommendations for governance, infrastructure upgrades, behavioural interventions, and participatory decision-making to align campus practices with water ethics and sustainability goals.

This paper aims to make a comparative analysis of the environmental sustainability efforts between developed and developing countries. Environment is a global product and thus every country in the world shares the responsibility of its protection from degradation. Developing countries which are transforming into industrialised developed countries are often blamed for degrading environment more compared to developed countries. The process of development is consuming lot of resources of developing countries so it is difficult for such countries to invest for environmental sustainability. Developed countries with advanced technologies and infrastructure has greater ability to address environmental issues.

Findings based on comparative analysis of CO2 emission shows disparities in the environmental protection efforts of developed and developing countries. Developed countries are rich in resources and technological advancements but still they prefer to purchase carbon credits from developing countries rather than earning on its own. Moreover, unequal bargaining relationship between developed and developing countries have influenced the operations and policies made by international institutions. The analysis also highlights instances of innovation and efforts taken by developing countries to promote sustainable development despite resource constraints.

Sustainable investing, guided by Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, has emerged as a crucial aspect of contemporary financial decision-making. While institutional investors have increasingly integrated ESG considerations into their investment strategies, awareness and adoption among individual investors—particularly working professionals—remain relatively limited in India. This descriptive study aims to examine the level of ESG awareness among working professionals in the Mumbai district and to analyze how such awareness influences their investment preferences. Using a structured questionnaire administered through a non-probability convenience sampling method, the study seeks to assess participants’ understanding of ESG concepts, their perceptions of ESG investments in terms of profitability, risk, and ethical responsibility, and the extent to which these factors shape their investment behavior. The study also explores the moderating role of demographic characteristics and financial literacy in ESG-based investment decisions. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify prevailing trends and patterns in investor attitudes and preferences. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for policymakers, financial institutions, and asset managers in promoting sustainable investment practices among urban professionals. This research contributes to the growing literature on behavioral finance and sustainable investing by highlighting the determinants influencing ESG-oriented investment preferences among working professionals in Mumbai district.

The electronics industry faces frequent challenges such as component shortages, obsolescence, and supply chain disruptions. These issues necessitate effective alternate component recommendation systems to ensure continuity in design, manufacturing, and maintenance processes. Traditional methods for selecting alternate components rely heavily on manual searches and domain expertise, which are time-consuming, error-prone, and inefficient. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) offer transformative solutions by automating classification, parameter extraction, similarity detection, and recommendation of alternate components. This review consolidates existing research in electronic component classification, datasheet parsing, and recommender system design using AI/ML techniques. It highlights approaches such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for image-based classification, Natural Language Processing (NLP) for datasheet analysis, and hybrid recommender systems for suggesting alternates. The paper also identifies current challenges, including dataset availability, standardization, and real-world deployment. Finally, future research directions such as transfer learning, graph neural networks, and integration with supply chain intelligence are discussed.

Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, which literally translates to "The world is one family," is an ancient Indian philosophy that upholds an ethical worldview instilled in unity, interdependence, and moral obligation toward all beings. It reflects timeless values such as compassion (karu??), non-harm (ahi?s?), justice (ny?ya), truth (satya), and universal well-being (sarvodaya). Such principles transcend the frontiers of person and nation through envisioning Earth as a common home in which every action obtains collective moral meaning.

In this digital and ecological age, Artificial Intelligence has emerged as a transformative force in reshaping human behavior, governance, and environmental management. However, its rapid growth also raises ethical concerns about fairness, inclusivity, and the welfare of both people and the planet. This paper discusses how the moral ideal of Lokasa?graha—acting for the welfare of all—is an ethical basis for developing and deploying AI.

This paper interprets Lokasa?graha as a practical expression of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam and argues for guiding AI on the principles of shared benefit and responsibility. Further, when technology works for global welfare, it aligns human innovation with ecological and social harmony. Therefore, Lokasa?graha provides a moral compass for building compassionate, inclusive, and sustainable AI systems—restructuring technological advancement into an ethical pursuit of the common good and reflecting the true spirit of One Earth, One Family, One Future.

This study aims to increase awareness about plastic menace and hazards. It will raise awareness in the local community about plastic waste collection points and also its conversion to biodiesel. School children will be spokesperson to spread the awareness for a period of six months and more.

Theoretical Orientation: To encourage everyone to refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, and rethink their relationship with plastic, while also promoting systemic change. 

Methodology: To combat the pervasive issue of plastic pollution that affects every corner of the planet. NGO like Athak Foundation along with School Leaders and Students (Nursery to Grade 10) will play a pivotal role to reduce plastic pollution.

Main Results:

Masses will be aware about Plastic menace. There will be reduction in the amount of plastic use. Efforts will be made to ensure plastic is converted to usable fuel

Conclusions: Beat Plastic Pollution, focusing on ending local plastic pollution through collective action, sustainable practices, and responsible conversion. This campaign highlights the widespread environmental and health impacts of plastic waste, from microplastics in the deepest oceans to human bodies, and encourages individuals, communities, NGOs and governments to find and implement solutions.  

Literature has always reflected society’s deepest concerns, and in recent years it has emerged as a powerful medium to address ecological anxieties and human resilience in times of crisis. This paper explores the evolving literary landscape influenced by climate change and global upheavals, with a focus on how narratives foster awareness, empathy, and collective responsibility. Contemporary writers have increasingly turned to themes of ecological fragility, human–nature conflict, and sustainability, underscoring literature’s potential to nurture ecological consciousness and inspire transformative action.

Alongside this academic inquiry, the paper integrates my insights as the founder and CEO of The Impish Lass Publishing House, where I have witnessed a significant shift in the themes writers choose to engage with across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic phases. Prior to the pandemic, our publishing focus was on works celebrating love, life, and positivity, capturing society’s collective optimism. The onset of COVID-19 marked a striking change: literature became a channel of catharsis and survival. During this time, we published The Lockdown Diaries – Book 1 and 2, anthologies where writers across the globe documented their daily woes, fears, and uncertainties of living in isolation. This was followed by The Impish Lass Requiem, a poignant collection that allowed contributors to grieve, honor, and pay tribute to loved ones lost to the pandemic. In the post-pandemic period, the literary mood has gradually shifted back to themes of love, hope, and renewal, symbolizing society’s healing and resilience.

By examining climate narratives in fiction alongside these observed shifts in publishing, this research demonstrates that literature is both a mirror and a catalyst: it records collective memory, responds to ecological and social crises, and encourages individuals and communities to imagine sustainable and compassionate futures.

Over recent decades, corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards have moved from being voluntary “nice-to-haves” to mandatory central components of corporate governance and legal compliance of the modern enterprises. Corporate firms’ faces increasing legal obligations from mandatory reporting to stakeholder duties and ethical expectations from society. This article analyses the statutory framework for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India, examines how companies comply with CSR obligations under the Companies Act, 2013 and associated rules, evaluates enforcement mechanisms and recent regulatory developments, and offers recommendations to strengthen compliance and governance. The study draws on statutory provisions (Section 135 and Schedule VII), the Companies (Corporate Social Responsibility Policy) Rules, 2014 and subsequent amendments, recent ministry notifications and selected judicial and administrative developments. This article examines the meaning, the legal landscape, ethical issues, challenges, best practices, and recommendations. It specifically explores (1) definitions, interrelations of CSR and ESG; (2) current legal frameworks across jurisdictions; (3) ethical theories relevant to CSR/ESG; (4) legal risks and liabilities (including green washing, misrepresentation, supply chain abuses); (5) how companies can build compliance mechanisms; and (6) recommendations for aligning legal compliance with ethical responsibility.

India is a land earmarked by pluralistic religious practices, rituals, and customs which has shaped deep cultural and spiritual diversity. A closer examination reveals not only India but across the World diverse religions, customs, traditions, and practices exists, which have historically contributed to the preservation of the natural environment. The community-based conservation, taboos, Sacred Groves are few examples how such customs, traditions and practices have played a significant role in ensuring biodiversity conservation and ecological balance. Over the past few decades, the unsustainable exploitation of natural resources without proper preservation has led to significant environmental degradation which has resulted in a range of natural disasters including earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions, contributing to intensified global warming and climate-related risks. The ongoing environmental crises have ignited judicial activism in environment protection. The judiciary has played a significant role by evolving through its landmark judgements increasingly recognizing and reinforcing not only environmental justice but also strengthening the framework of ecological justice. The judiciary is holistically integrating while deciding environmental matters as now it is inevitable for the judiciary to not only protect human rights vis-à-vis environment but also protecting the whole eco-system. While the judiciary cannot work in isolation, a comprehensive study involving all stakeholders is essential. This includes environment scientist, conservationists, geologists, and such other experts who study about the environment alongside the traditional knowledge of tribal communities and the expertise of religious scholars who has the knowledge of Sacred Groves and forest. It is therefore, essential to evaluate the scaredness of such groves and their contribution in preserving the ecology which will enable to frame and decide effective environmental laws and related matters. This paper is an attempt to briefly understand about the Sacred Groves and its cultural and ecological significance and an overview of landmark environmental litigation to date.

In India's e-commerce sector, effectively integrating traditional artisans into the digital economy remains a significant challenge. This study presents a comparative analysis of various Indian e-commerce platforms, aiming to assess their effectiveness in supporting digital inclusion and making platforms accessible to traditional craft-based sellers.

Using a qualitative comparative matrix approach, the research draws on a structured evaluation framework inspired by four key models: Nielsen's Heuristic Evaluation Matrix (1994), the System Usability Scale (Brooke, 1996), the Web Quality Evaluation Model (Aladwani & Palvia, 2002), and the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989). To better address the specific needs of artisan users, the framework was customized to include 13 targeted criteria, such as dashboard usability, mobile support, product listing processes, language options, and the degree of autonomy for artisans. Over 30 e-commerce platforms were systematically assessed using a straightforward three-point scale—"Yes," "No," or "Partial"—based on a thorough review of documentation, interface analysis, and usability heuristics.

The results reveal notable gaps in functionalities personalized for artisans, particularly in areas such as marketing assistance, operational control, and multilingual access. These shortcomings reveal widespread barriers that hinder artisans from fully utilizing online marketplaces. In response, this study proposes the “ARTISAN FIRST” framework, which presents practical design principles and policy suggestions aimed at promoting comprehensive platform development and enabling traditional artisans in the digital world.

This study explores the ethics and awareness dimensions underlying energy management practices at Somaiya Vidyavihar Campus, Mumbai. The research investigates how comfort, awareness, and institutional decision-making shape the ethics of energy consumption within an academic setting. Using a mixed-method ethnographic approach including surveys, interviews, and observations, data were collected from students, faculty, and technical staff. Findings indicate an 'ethics–comfort gap' similar to other sustainability challenges: awareness of energy-saving norms does not always translate into consistent behavior. Institutional control over energy governance limits participatory engagement, while perceptions of comfort and modernity often justify overuse of air-conditioning and lighting. However, the study also reveals a growing ethical sensibility through peer initiatives and sustainability campaigns. By linking epistemology (knowledge), ontology (comfort), reflexivity (self-awareness), and power (decision control), this research demonstrates that true energy ethics emerge through both knowledge and participatory governance.

Informal vending activities have become an integral feature of urban economies, particularly in developing countries, providing employment opportunities, affordable goods, and accessible services to diverse populations. Despite their socio-economic significance, these activities also generate considerable environmental challenges that demand critical examination. This research explores the environmental impact of informal vending in urban areas, focusing on issues such as waste generation, pollution, and unsustainable use of public spaces. Street vendors often operate without formal waste disposal systems, leading to the accumulation of solid waste, plastic litter, and food residues that clog drainage networks and contribute to urban flooding. Additionally, the widespread use of non-biodegradable packaging materials exacerbates plastic pollution. The occupation of sidewalks and road margins frequently results in congestion, restricting pedestrian mobility and intensifying vehicular emissions due to traffic delays. Food vending, while vital for urban food security, may also strain local sanitation systems, as inadequate infrastructure fosters unhygienic conditions and contamination risks. However, the environmental impact of vending is not solely negative; vendors also contribute to resource efficiency through reuse, recycling, and resale of second-hand goods. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive urban policies that integrate environmental sustainability into vending regulations. By promoting eco-friendly practices, waste management support, and green business models, cities can balance the livelihoods of informal workers with the imperative of sustainable urban development. This research contributes to ongoing debates on urban informality, highlighting the intersections between livelihoods, environmental justice, and sustainable city planning.

The rapid expansion of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles in global corporate governance reflects an evolving synthesis of ethics, economics, and sustainability. In India, the ESG discourse has emerged as a natural progression from the country’s long-standing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework, now codified under the Companies Act, 2013. This paper explores the evolution of ESG in India through the legislative, regulatory, and judicial lenses while integrating comparative perspectives from the United States and the European Union. By drawing on the works of Umakanth Varottil (2023) and recent regulatory frameworks under the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the study identifies structural advancements, gaps, and enforcement challenges in India’s ESG regime. The analysis underscores the interplay between legal mandates, boardroom accountability, and investor stewardship. The concluding section offers intellectual recommendations for a more coherent ESG ecosystem in India, emphasizing codified regulation, harmonized reporting, and cross-sectoral integration with global sustainability standards.

The rapid rise of the gig economy has transformed employment relations globally, offering flexibility and innovation while simultaneously raising concerns of insecurity, inequality, and lack of social protection. The global gig economy was valued at USD 455 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 918 billion by 2030, engaging approximately 16% of the global workforce (ILO, 2023). Within the broader vision of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam—“the world is one family”—the plight of gig workers underscores an urgent need to reimagine ethical, legal, and sustainable frameworks of work. This paper critically examines the challenges of gig workers in India, with reference to comparative international practices, to explore whether existing legal structures adequately safeguard their rights to fair wages, social security, and dignified working conditions.

The study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, bridging law, ethics, and sustainability discourses to argue that protecting gig workers is integral to building inclusive and equitable societies. Drawing from business law, labor jurisprudence, and policy recommendations, the research situates the gig economy within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). It highlights how Indian Knowledge Systems, with their emphasis on community, justice, and shared prosperity, can complement global legal reforms to address structural vulnerabilities in platform-based work.

In the era of climate change and environmental degradation, organizations are increasingly under pressure to adopt sustainable business practices. Green auditing has emerged as a systematic tool to evaluate and monitor the environmental performance of firms, particularly in relation to carbon emissions. This paper explores the role of green auditing practices as a pathway to sustainable carbon management, highlighting their significance in identifying, measuring, and reducing the carbon footprint of organizations. Through a review of literature, regulatory frameworks, and case studies of global and Indian companies, the study analyzes how green audits foster accountability, improve environmental governance, and enhance transparency in sustainability reporting. The findings suggest that green auditing not only facilitates compliance with regulatory standards but also contributes to long-term value creation by aligning corporate strategies with climate goals. However, challenges such as lack of standardization, high implementation costs, and limited awareness remain barriers to widespread adoption. The study concludes that integrating green auditing into business operations can act as a catalyst for carbon accountability and pave the way for sustainable development.

Religions have been intrinsically built on the sound ecological principles. The basic principles of Jainism show close connection between the religion and ecology. With the contemporary prevalent ecological crises, there is a growing tendency to explore the solutions rooted in the cultural ethos. The paper takes up the ecotheological approach at Jainism. Jainism includes each and every element of universe and considers its intrinsic value. Inclusive and interdependent approach can certainly bring about better and positive outcomes in the world. 

The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) mandates that the costs of preventing and controlling pollution should be borne by the polluter, a principle adopted globally but subject to varied domestic interpretation. Originating from the OECD Guidelines of 1972, the principle has been widely incorporated into international environmental governance frameworks, including the Rio Declaration (1992). In India, PPP has gained significant legal recognition through constitutional provisions, statutory laws, and landmark judicial pronouncements.  This paper investigates the dynamic role of judicial intervention in shaping and enforcing the PPP within the legal framework of  India. By analysing landmark legal precedents, this study demonstrates how the judiciary has expanded the scope of PPP from mere damage compensation to include the cost of environmental remediation and the imposition of absolute liability for hazardous activities. Ultimately, this paper argues that while judicial activism has been instrumental in strengthening the PPP as an effective environmental protection tool, its long-term success requires legislative harmonization to ensure predictable and consistent application across all environmental tribunals.

Environmental Justice and Human Rights must be equal for every individual globally, free from discrimination based on caste, sex, religion, or any other ground. The foundation of human rights in the Republic of India is enshrined in 6Article 21 of the Constitution, which states that ‘No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.’ The objective of the study is to find the menstrual hygiene management practices in Zilla Parishad Schools and to check the awareness about Menstruation and Human Rights in Zilla Parishad Schools. The methodology for this will be well well-structured Questionnaire and in-person interviews of Stakeholders of Zilla Parishad schools, and a literature survey on research work on a similar line. The various Zilla Parishad schools of Thane District: Urban, Semi-Urban and Rural areas had been selected for conducting the research. The research will be conducted through various visits and interactions with stakeholders to identify various methods for Menstrual Hygiene practices for school girls.  The study will reveal the Factual data and the practices performed in the Zilla Parishad Schools. The purpose of this study is to show how poor menstrual hygiene management can lead to violations of Human rights. The findings of this study tell us that there is a lack of Menstrual Hygiene management and which subsequently violates human rights. To overcome this, the Zilla Parishad Schools and Rural Schools should mandatorily install Sanitary Napkin Vending Machines and Disposal Mechanisms like Incinerators or Covered Bins in every girls' washroom of ZP Schools. The keywords of this study are Environment, Human Rights, Clean Environment, Menstrual Hygiene, Menstruation, Menstrual Hygiene Management, Menstrual Products, Zilla Parishad (ZP) Schools.

Noise pollution is an increasingly critical issue in urban India, particularly in rapidly developing regions like Panvel, Navi Mumbai. Hospitals located near traffic signals are exposed to persistent and elevated noise levels, which can adversely affect patient recovery, staff performance, and overall healthcare delivery. This research paper investigates the causes and consequences of noise pollution in hospital zones and evaluates existing mitigation strategies. Through a combination of primary data collection, stakeholder surveys, and secondary research, the study identifies key sources of noise, quantifies their impact, and proposes actionable recommendations. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated urban planning, stricter enforcement of noise regulations, and community-driven solutions to safeguard public health in sensitive zones.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has almost become an integral part of human life.  Its thrown on humanity at an uncontrolled and technorapid speed. The AI’s  growth claims to be an assisting tool for humans, but overlooks the basic human compassion and natures collective welfare. The Bharatiya philosophical angle of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (?????? ?????????? )  “The world is one family”. It provides a unique guide for creating technology that establishes harmony and justice for universal brotherhood.

This paper dives into a spiritual and practically sustainable model of (AI) Ethics through the lens of Vedic principles including Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam. The purpose clearly is in integrating these values of Bharatiya Darshan Shastra in AI Ethics. This research proposes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) if cautiously observed and implemented by the lens of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam philosophy, can serve public welfare and global sustainabile humanity.

     Electrification at the regional, state, or national level acts as an indicator of economic activity and growth. To capture the spread of electricity Night Time Light (NTL) or Night Time Luminosity data, via satellite imagery can be used. While increasing luminosity reflects progress on the supply side—indicating India's movement toward complete electrification—it is also important to examine whether this access to electricity is equitable, reliable, and free from frequent disruptions. The paper here is an attempt in this direction where the growing need of India in terms of consumption of electricity along with the scope to bridge the gap between the supply and the demand side will be explored.

This paper reconceptualizes animal welfare as an element of constitutional morality, environmental justice, and sustainable development. Drawing upon Indian constitutional duties, comparative legislation in the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as the emerging jurisprudence on the rights of nature, it advances a socio-legal account that treats animals as rights-bearing subjects whose interests are intertwined with human well-being and ecological balance. The analysis traces the evolution from welfare-based protection to rights-inflected approaches, examines challenges arising from industrial agriculture, cultural practice, and regulatory fragmentation, and argues for a principled transition from ownership to guardianship. It concludes with actionable recommendations for constitutional reform, humane agriculture, and institutional design to embed compassion within enforceable legal structures.

Environmental sustainability has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges to the global political order. Despite substantial advances in science and policy, the attainment of sustainability goals remains elusive. One limitation of modern conservation science is its predominant focus on technical and mechanistic approaches, often overlooking cultural, ethical, and spiritual dimensions that philosophically guided human–nature relationships. The ascendancy of Darwinism and related scientific paradigms shifted attention away from moral and spiritual worldviews, privileging reductionist interpretations of ecological processes. Reintegrating ancient knowledge systems with modern scientific approaches may provide a more holistic framework for addressing challenges to sustainability.

Within this context, the Swastika sign from SANATANI philosophy—an ancient symbol of well-being, widely employed since the Vedic period—may be reinterpreted as a conceptual model for sustainability. Structurally, the Swastika’s quadrant form can be read as encompassing four interrelated domains: (i) abiotic factors, represented by the five classical elements (soil, water, air, heat, and space); (ii) the plant kingdom; (iii) the animal kingdom; and (iv) human beings. The dynamic, outward-extending tips of the Swastika signify the cyclic interdependence and balance among these domains, underscoring the need for reciprocal harmony in ecological systems.

It is important to acknowledge that classical texts do not explicitly describe the Swastika as a schematic representation of ecological components. Nonetheless, in a contemporary reinterpretation, the symbol can serve as a heuristic device to integrate ecological science with ethical and cultural values. Its traditional associations with harmony, prosperity, and balance resonate strongly with the objectives of modern sustainability discourse, offering a culturally embedded and conceptually inclusive framework for advancing sustainability practices.

This study aimed to determine whether office workers and remote workers differ in their overall levels of Green Organization Citizenship Behavior. Green OCB comprises 3 dimensions: eco-initiatives, eco-civic engagement and eco-helping. The individuals aged 22 to 35 working in IT sector were chosen as the sample of this study. The data was collected through google forms using Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (GOCB / OCBE) scale developed by Paillé et al. (2012). The inferential statistics of independent samples t- test was used to compare the means of the two groups across three dimensions. The finding indicated that there are no statistical differences between the two groups, suggesting workplace location does not meaningfully influence employee’s voluntary environmental behaviour. These findings will help organization design Green HRM and sustainable strategies suited across diverse work modes.

This paper explains how the HBO miniseries Chernobyl (2019), created by Craig Mazin, not only dramatizes the 1986 nuclear disaster but also uses visual and narrative strategies to create an audio-visual discourse on the contemporary climate crisis and unhealthy energy practices. By depicting radiation as an invisible and slow-moving threat, the miniseries functions as a climate allegory in which institutional denial, delayed action, and human hubris resonate with today’s struggles over climate governance. This paper conducts a visual and textual analysis of the series’ cinematic semiotics under the theoretical lens of Anat Pick and Guinevere Narraway’s Screening Nature: Cinema Beyond the Human (2013), which explores how cinema represents nature and non-human elements beyond anthropocentric perspectives. It also explicates how the series resists environmental amnesia by creating a strong visual rhetoric of an eco-disaster. Key scenes are analysed to demonstrate how the series conveys an ecological catastrophe that mirrors the present climate crisis. To situate these visual strategies within a broader ecocritical framework, the paper draws on Hollywood Chemistry: When Science Met Entertainment edited by Donna J. Nelson, Robert Grazier, Jaime Paglia, and Sidney Perkowitz (2013). Additionally, it draws on Rob Nixon’s Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor (2011) to highlight the similarities between the long-term consequences of the nuclear disaster and the effects of environmental degradation.

By bringing these analytical frameworks together, this paper demonstrates how Chernobyl transcends the conventions of historical docudrama and exemplifies how visual storytelling can illuminate the politics of environmental disaster and climate instability.

Environmental disputes have become increasingly global, complex, and technical in nature. Traditional state-centric dispute settlement mechanisms often fail to address the urgency and specialized expertise required for such conflicts. International arbitration has emerged as a credible, neutral, and effective mechanism for resolving environmental disputes between states, corporations, and other stakeholders. This paper examines the role of international arbitration in environmental disputes by analyzing institutional frameworks such as the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), and UNCITRAL Rules. It reviews key arbitral decisions—including Trail Smelter Arbitration, Iron Rhine Railway Arbitration, and Chevron v. Ecuador—to understand how arbitral tribunals address environmental harm, jurisdiction, and the integration of environmental law principles. The study adopts a doctrinal methodology supported by qualitative analysis of cases and treaties. It concludes with recommendations for strengthening international arbitration mechanisms, including the development of specialized panels, greater transparency, and enhanced participation by affected communities.

The expansion of industry, increased persons, and consumption patterns has strained India's ecosystems extensively, causing environmental governance to emerge as a pressing national concern. In such context, India's judiciary and National Green Tribunal (NGT) have taken center stage in enforcing environmental law and principles where strong governance is absent. Beginning with new judicial directions through Public Interest Litigations (PILs) in the 1980s, courts have incrementally enriched notions of environmental rights under Articles 21, 48A, and 51A(g), linking such rights to right to life for citizens and the responsibility of the government to safeguard the environment (Gill, 2015; Rai & Kadam, 2021). Concurrently, NGT was established in 2010 with special dispensation for dealing with environmental matters, making India one among the handful of nations in the global system to institutionalize such autonomy (Amirante, 2011; Rengarajan et al., 2018). This review article adopts a thematic methodology founded upon twenty-four peer-reviewed sources to reflect upon how judiciary and NGT have impacted India's environmental governance to address matters such as climate change, pollution in cities, deforestation, and sustainable development. It draws attention to successes and failures coupled with institutional conflicts among these institutions while proposing pathways to consolidate their roles consistent with global environmental justice activism and India's Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goal commitments.

According to Art. 21 of the Constitution of India it is fundamental right to everyone i.e. Human Being and Life Being to live in natural environment which is free from any pollution. Now a days in this modern world most cities affected with the Air Pollution and Water Pollution. It was recommendation of Supreme Court of India in many cases there should be a separate authority to deal with the matters relating to environmental issues. And finally, the National Green Tribunal has been established on 18th October,2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act,2010. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body that plays a crucial role in environmental governance by providing a specialized, expeditious, and quasi-judicial forum for environmental dispute resolution. Established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, its mandate includes the effective and prompt disposal of cases related to environmental protection, conservation of forests and natural resources, and the enforcement of legal rights concerning the environment. The NGT ensures environmental justice by providing timely remedies and compensation for damages, reducing the burden on higher courts, and promoting adherence to environmental laws. This research paper provide the details of different roles of NGT in Dispute Resolution, Environmental Law Enforcement, Compensation and Relief, Expeditious Disposal, Specialized Expertise, Promoting Environmental Jurisprudence, Broad Jurisdiction of the National Green Tribunal. The National Green Tribunal is successful in speedy disposal of cases relating to environmental laws. And National Green Tribunal is a strong pillar in environmental justice system in India.

This research paper examines the role of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in strengthening environmental governance in India, particularly in the context of the philosophical and global vision of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, which emphasises the interconnectedness of all beings and the need for collective responsibility in ensuring environmental sustainability. The NGT has emerged as a unique judicial institution dedicated exclusively to environmental protection, offering speedy, specialised, and effective remedies for environmental grievances. This paper analyses the statutory framework, jurisdiction, decisions, and evolving jurisprudence of the NGT, while assessing its contributions to strengthening environmental governance in India. The study also explores how the NGT's functioning aligns with the principles embedded in Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, particularly in promoting ecological justice, sustainable development, and intergenerational equity. Through a doctrinal research method supported by case laws, statutory analysis, and secondary data, this paper highlights both the strengths and challenges in the working of the NGT. It concludes with recommendations to strengthen the institutional capacity of the NGT and ensure more effective environmental governance that resonates with the global vision of a shared and sustainable future.

The need for ecocentric thinking among young people, especially undergraduate students who will be the next generation of leaders, professionals and responsible citizens, has been highlighted by the growing environmental crises of this century. Current study examines undergraduate students' ecocentric aptitude, which is the capacity and tendency to put ecological values ahead of anthropocentric interests, in relation to environmental issues. The research explores students’ attitudes, awareness, and proactive behaviors toward sustainability through a mixed-method approach involving surveys and interviews. The results show that undergraduates have a moderate to high level of environmental concern, but there is a disconnect between ecological awareness and practical action. This is where academic institutions can play a key role in creating environmentally conscious citizens.

Rapid urbanization has frequently put cars before people, which has resulted in worsening air quality, less walkability, and less livability in cities. As a result, in order to build healthier, people-centered communities, sustainable streetscapes that incorporate pedestrian walkways, green corridors, and non-motorized transportation are being implemented. This is a research that looks at how people view and interact with these kinds of urban projects. In addition to examining the impact of demographic characteristics on these impressions, the study attempts to gauge public awareness, contentment and acceptability of sustainable street features. In a few Indian cities that are putting green corridor projects into action, a mixed-method approach combining quantitative surveys (300 respondents) and qualitative field observations are considered. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, ANOVA, and factor analysis are important analytical tools for determining important public perception factors. Anticipated results include determining the factors that influence user satisfaction and propensity to embrace green mobility, such as accessibility, safety, aesthetic appeal, and environmental consciousness. In order to help planners and policymakers create inclusive, user-friendly, and environmentally sustainable urban environments, the study also suggests creating a Public Perception Index for Sustainable Streetscapes. In line with SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), the findings will support evidence-based urban design strategies that encourage public involvement and create resilient, habitable, and ecologically conscious cityscapes.

Taxation plays a central role in shaping economic equity and promoting inclusive development in any nation. In a country like India, where income disparities persist despite robust economic growth, the tax system becomes a vital instrument for redistributing wealth and fostering socio-economic justice. This paper examines the Indian fiscal framework and its effectiveness in achieving equitable economic development. Through an analytical and descriptive approach, the study explores the progressivity of direct taxes, the regressive tendencies of indirect taxes, and the redistributive impact of fiscal transfers. It also evaluates tax reforms such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the Direct Tax Code in light of equity principles. Using secondary data from government reports and international studies, the paper proposes a conceptual model demonstrating how an equitable tax system can balance revenue generation with inclusive growth. The study concludes that while India has made significant progress in tax modernization and compliance, structural reforms in tax policy and administration are needed to ensure that fiscal instruments truly serve the cause of equity.

Recently, environmental protection has become a global priority. Human rights and a healthy environment are intimately related and reciprocal in nature. To improve the environment for sustainability, it is crucial to closely examine these two ideas. Over the following 40 years, the relationship forged at the Stockholm conference has grown, and several international agreements and conventions have been adopted to safeguard human rights and the environment. Poverty and the disrespect for basic human rights have put a lot of stress on the environment. This article will look closely at the relationship between environmental legislation and human rights as well as the judiciary's role in the development of environmental jurisprudence. It then examines numerous agreements and initiatives taken by different organizations and countries to protect human rights and enhance the environment. Along with government activities, the study also looks at judicial interpretations of international laws and treaties.

A resolution acknowledging the relationship between human rights and the environment was voted by the UN General Assembly in 1968. It is widely accepted that environmental degradation has a detrimental effect on the enjoyment of human rights, such as the right to life and the right to health. Although there is no legally binding international treaty that guarantees the right to the environment, the connection between human rights and the environment is becoming more commonly recognized on a worldwide level. Numerous national and international texts recognize the connection between human rights and the environment.

International and regional courts have established jurisprudence upholding the right to a clean and healthy environment within the framework of commonly recognized human rights. Since 1992, the national constitutions of many countries have expressly recognized the right to a healthy environment (or a similar phrase). Although environmental protection is contained in the chapter on Directive Principles, the Indian Supreme Court has regarded the right to a clean and healthy environment as a basic right under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which implies "right to life."

This project deeply analyzes how traditional knowledge contributes in sustainable development, focusing on two examples – stepwell for conservation of water and fishing ban during monsoon to restore marine ecosystem.

Stepwell system of water conservation ensures water supply throughout the year in arid and semi-arid regions. These systems of water conservation are collective effort of local people for centuries ensuring efficient collection, storage and conservation of water during dry seasons.

Fishing ban is a very common practice observed in the 7500 km long coastal region of our country to restore marine ecosystem. The fisher communities follow these practices for centuries. Approximately 2 – 2.5% of Indian population is dependent on fishing for their livelihood.

Water has always held a sacred and central place in India’s ecological and cultural consciousness. Ancient Indian communities developed region-specific systems, such as the stepwells of Gujarat and Rajasthan, the tank irrigation (eri) networks of South India, and bamboo drip irrigation in the Northeast, that combined technological ingenuity with ethical responsibility and community participation. Guided by principles of Dharma, interdependence, and reverence for nature, these systems embodied the philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam, the Earth as one family - ensuring sustainability and social equity.

This conceptual and exploratory qualitative study re-examines traditional Indian water conservation systems through documentary and thematic analysis of classical texts, historical accounts, and scholarly literature. It identifies enduring themes of sacred ecology, decentralized governance, sustainability through moderation, and continuity of indigenous knowledge.

In the face of modern challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and inequitable water access, these traditional practices offer vital insights for reimagining water governance and sustainability education. The study aligns with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, and SDG 13 - Climate Action), advocating the integration of Indian Knowledge Systems into contemporary ecological and educational frameworks.

The ancient Indian axiom Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam – ‘the world is one family’ - has resurfaced as a global ideal resounding across ethical, legal, and sustainable arenas of contemporary life; be it the UN Peacekeeping conclave or the spirit behind India’s ‘vaccine maitri’ initiative during COVID-19 pandemic. Within education, this vision finds overwhelming importance in India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which stresses upon holistic development, equity and inclusion, global citizenship, and value-based learning. It strives to develop creative, ethical, technologically skilled, and environmentally conscious individuals. This paper explores how the educational philosophies of J. Krishnamurti and Osho propound transformative visions to realize the vision of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam by way of an inward revolution of consciousness rather than through external systems alone. Both envision education as a process of psycho-spiritual awakening brought about by a balanced development of scientific thinking and meditative awareness, reason and love, intellect and intuition in individuals. Assuming that the meeting point of ethics, legality, and sustainability is education, this paper argues that education must cultivate awareness, compassion, and creativity which are the genuine foundations of global citizenship to realise the ideal of ‘one earth one family.’

This study explores the ethics and power relations underlying waste management practices at Somaiya Vidyavihar, Mumbai. The research focuses on how responsibility for waste segregation and recycling is distributed, enacted, and perceived by diverse campus stakeholders. Using a mixed-method ethnographic approach including surveys, interviews, and observations the study investigates the ethical reflexivity of students, staff, and administrators in daily waste practices. Results reveal an “ethics–practice gap”: awareness of segregation norms does not always translate into consistent action. Findings are interpreted through ethical, institutional, and behavioral lenses, providing insights for sustainable governance. Recommendations are aligned with national (SWM Rules 2016) and international (UN SDGs 11 and 12) standards for higher education campuses.

Ecofeminism and ecocriticism reveal how systems of patriarchy, caste, and developmental modernity simultaneously exploit women and the environment. In the Indian context, where ecological degradation and gender inequality often intersect, these perspectives provide a critical lens for literary analysis. Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things (1997), though widely studied for its postcolonial and feminist concerns, remains underexplored as an ecofeminist and ecocritical text. This paper argues that Ammu’s trajectory from her father Pappachi’s authoritarian control to her husband Baba’s commodification and her socially defamed love with Velutha mirrors the violated condition of the Meenachal River, which moves from plenitude to pollution under capitalist exploitation. Vandana Shiva’s claim that “development is a continuation of the patriarchal project of domination over women and nature” and Bina Agarwal’s structural ecofeminism inform the reading of Ammu’s silencing as an intersectional process shaped by gender, caste, and class. Simultaneously, the novel’s ecological imagery lush monsoons, insects, and the river’s transformations affirms Lawrence Buell’s concept of “environment as process” and Kate Rigby’s idea of landscapes as archives of memory. Using qualitative textual analysis, this study demonstrates how Roy intertwines women’s struggles and ecological decline, situating Kerala’s environment as an active participant in trauma and survival. The findings show that Roy critiques anthropocentrism, caste oppression, and patriarchal silencing while envisioning women and nature as resilient presences capable of resistance. By aligning Roy’s narrative with Indian ecofeminist traditions and global ecocritical discourse, the paper establishes The God of Small Things as a text of planetary significance, articulating ecological and feminist justice as inseparable struggles essential to imagining sustainable futures.

Health is the most important component not only for human survival but also for the effective growth of culture, civilization, and the economy. An imbalance in the body's ecosystem leads to a health crisis and warrants an effective solution.

The welfare nation has a pivotal role to play in providing healthcare to all, not in letters but in spirit. Following decolonization, all developing countries, including India, adopted a policy of ensuring healthcare for all their citizens, regardless of economic background. However, the issue of providing quality health care remains more in papers rather than in the ground reality.

With liberalisation and the corporate health care system, the burden of healthcare for the rich has been a little bit offloaded from government responsibility, but we still have a long way to go. In this study, the author made an effort to understand the pressing needs of healthcare for all, the healthcare facility divides between urban and rural areas, and the types of healthcare schemes and policy framework available for all sections of people.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of Krishi Call Centre (KCC) services and farmer satisfaction in Maharashtra, highlighting its role in providing real-time agricultural advisories. Using a mixed-method approach with questionnaires and interviews, the research finds that most farmers depend on KCC for guidance on crop management, pest control, fertilizer use, and government schemes, with plant protection being the most common concern. Farmers from districts such as Nanded, Buldana, and Yevatmal show higher usage, and inquiry volumes peak in July during the Kharif season. While farmers generally appreciate the accessibility and prompt responses of KCC, issues like delayed follow-ups and insufficient region-specific advice reduce satisfaction, particularly in weather-related services. The study emphasizes the need to enhance personnel training, localize advisories, and adopt technologies such as AI-driven systems to improve service quality, farmer decision-making, and sustainable agricultural practices.

Agriculture in Odisha is undergoing rapid transition as climate variability, labour shortages, and low productivity challenge traditional farming systems. In this context, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful enabler capable of transforming agricultural practices and strengthening long-term sustainability. This article examines the benefits, relevance, and challenges of integrating AI-driven solutions into Odisha’s agricultural landscape. Drawing on recent technological advancements and empirical evidence, the study highlights the role of AI in enhancing crop monitoring, precision input management, weather forecasting, pest and disease detection, supply-chain optimisation, and data-supported decision-making. The relevance of AI for Odisha is underscored by its diverse agro-climatic zones, high dependency on monsoon rainfall, increasing climate-induced risks, and the need for resource-efficient, resilient farming systems. Despite these opportunities, the adoption of AI technologies faces multiple challenges including low digital literacy, infrastructure gaps, limited internet connectivity in rural areas, high implementation costs, and concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic reliability. The article argues that successful integration of AI in Odisha’s agriculture requires targeted capacity building, public-private partnerships, farmer-centric digital platforms, supportive policies, and context-specific innovations. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers, researchers, and agritech stakeholders seeking to advance AI-enabled sustainable agriculture in Odisha.

Hydropower plays a central role in India’s renewable energy strategy, particularly in the Himalayan region where river gradients and hydrological potential are high. However, large-scale hydropower development in the Himalayas has increasingly generated environmental conflicts due to ecological fragility, climate-induced hazards, and governance shortcomings. This paper critically examines the relationship between hydropower expansion and environmental conflict in the Indian Himalayas using a political ecology and environmental justice framework. Drawing upon peer-reviewed literature, policy documents, disaster assessments, and legal interventions, the study analyzes how cumulative ecological impacts, procedural deficits in environmental governance, and uneven distribution of risks and benefits contribute to persistent contestation. Case studies from Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Northeast India illustrate how disasters such as floods and landslides have intensified public scrutiny of hydropower projects. The paper argues that hydropower conflicts are not merely technical or ideological but are rooted in structural governance failures and socio-ecological vulnerability. It concludes that sustainable hydropower development in the Himalayas requires basin-scale planning, robust environmental assessments, meaningful public participation, and integration of climate risk into infrastructure planning.

Drug abuse in India poses a complex challenge at the intersection of public health, criminal justice, and human rights. Traditionally addressed through punitive legal frameworks, particularly the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act), drug dependence continues to be treated as a criminal offence rather than a health condition. This doctrinal legal research critically analyses the NDPS Act and its compatibility with constitutional guarantees such as the right to life and dignity (Article 21), equality before law (Article 14), and freedom of expression and lifestyle autonomy (Article 19).

Relying on judicial precedents and international human rights instruments like the UDHR, ICCPR, and ICESCR, the paper highlights how the current legal regime disproportionately targets marginalised communities and criminalises vulnerable individuals without adequate access to health services or legal aid. Landmark judgments such as Puttaswamy, Sunil Batra, and Francis Coralie Mullin are examined to assert that punitive incarceration of drug users often violates the principle of proportionality and human dignity.

The study argues for a paradigm shift from punishment to rehabilitation through a rights-based, therapeutic, and restorative legal framework. Recommendations include amending the NDPS Act, promoting harm-reduction policies, and integrating health-based alternatives into the criminal justice system.

Ultimately, the paper calls for reimagining addiction not as a crime, but as a public health and human rights issue deserving empathy, care, and constitutional protection. The law must evolve from being an instrument of control to a vehicle of healing and justice in alignment with India's democratic and constitutional ethos.

The environmental problems of the current urbanization that the cities face today are very different from those in Gandhi's era, but his concepts on development, gram swaraj, non-violence, self-reliant, Sarvodaya (welfare of all) and Antodaya (upliftment of the weakest) combined, make an ecologically conscious critique of the contemporary cities. Gandhi’s thoughts inspired diverse streams of environmental philosophy, emphasizing harmony with nature, responsible resource use, and community-centric sustainability. By looking at the Gandhian ashram again as a model of sustainable community living, This paper defining the Gandhian ashram as a model of sustainable community living, explores how its concepts of simple living, zero or minimal waste, conservation of natural resources and shared responsibility can be the source of humane, low-impact urban growth models. the paper contends By examining the Ashram model through a Gandhian perspective, this paper contends that the return of the ashram model is a practical, value-based means leading to just and sustainable urbanisation in the present time.

In this paper, we will explore the teachings and traditions of the organisation and a description of the cosmological model of Radha Soami and about their five dynamic regions, and a short idea about the lineage of the Dinod branch, and try to understand what their faiths and practices are and how followers internalise them and their instances of miracles. We use case studies to understand their stories of devotion and how their devotion creates a strong bond with their living God, i.e., spiritual guru or leader. We interviewed female followers of Radha Soami, and they shared their insights into miraculous instances, allowing us to understand the centrality of the spiritual leader, or guru. Complete devotion and submission to the guru are very much required in the organisation. In this paper we will also get the idea that family and society play a very important role for their motivations to join or attend the satsang and how their belief system helps them to connect with the divine energy through the devotion towards guru or their practice i.e. Surat Shabda yoga that is also considered as Sahaj yoga for the devotee and how the social media platform plays exceptional role in influencing the people and provide the cultural or salvation goods that people want in modern times.

 The educational paradigm for students with visual impairment is dominated by two models i.e. special schools and inclusive schools. A persistent debate exists regarding the efficacy of these models in fostering academic achievement. Special schools are educational schools designed specifically for students with particular types of disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairment, or intellectual disabilities. These schools run on a segregated model, meaning students learn in an environment separate from their non-disabled peers. Whereas inclusive schools are mainstream schools that educate all students together, regardless of their abilities or disabilities. The core principle of this type of school is that every child belongs and can learn in a regular classroom with appropriate support. This study aimed to compare the academic achievement of students with visual impairment within these two settings in the Lucknow region of Uttar Pradesh. Employing a quantitative comparative design, a purposive sample of 40 secondary-level students was selected i.e. 20 from special schools and 20 from inclusive school. Academic achievement, operationalized as the final aggregate marks from report cards, was analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that the mean academic score for students in special schools (M=63, SD=13.75) was higher than that of their peers in inclusive schools (M=57.65, SD=12.85). However, the inferential t-test result (t(38) = -1.30, p > 0.05) indicated that this difference was not statistically significant, leading to the retention of the null hypothesis. The study concludes that while special schools may show a descriptive advantage in raw scores, both educational settings can give comparable academic results for students with visual impairment. The key implication is that the focus for policymakers and educators should shift from advocating for one model over the other to ensuring the consistent provision of high-quality, individualized support including trained teachers, assistive technology, and specialized learning strategies within any educational environment to maximize student success.

Women’s involvement in many aspects of society (government, administration, law, diplomacy) has been facilitated by both formal and informal means of reform associated with the government’s Vision 2030 programme, as well as through legislation that allows women to participate more actively in society. However, while such policies have been successful in providing women with greater access and an increasing number of opportunities to participate as equal citizens, access continues to be limited and is heavily influenced by existing socio-political and economic constraints. This study examines the impact of the above-mentioned changes on women’s ability to engage politically and socially in a country that has long been known for its restrictive political climate and to provide insight into the future development of women in Saudi Arabia based on an assessment of the existing political system in conjunction with analysis of civil society, private sector, and other informal mechanisms for engagement. This paper furthers the scholarship on the gender-related Middle East studies by displaying how state-based reform efforts can promote women's inclusion while retaining authority over politics and provide insight into the limitations and potential of "reform-based" empowerment attempts. The research incorporates a qualitative research approach primarily via the secondary data analysis method. A collection of sources, including official government reports, official policies and statistical information, peer-reviewed academic literature, global indexing metrics, and reliable media outlets, is reviewed to identify women’s institutional and non-institutional (informal) involvement during the reign of King Salman. The paper seeks to analyse the impact of reforms on women's government involvement and determine if/how informal spaces and digital spaces were used to enhance women's participation. Secondly, the research seeks to offer a balanced picture of Prospects, barriers and challenges of women becoming empowered.

This paper examines the critical barriers to accessing reproductive healthcare faced by seasonal migrant women labourers in Maharashtra's sugarcane industry where tens of thousands of women migrate annually from drought-prone regions to perform physically demanding work often 12 to 18 hours per day under extreme conditions lacking basic amenities like clean water, sanitation and adequate housing. This study synthesises current research, field reports and media investigations to highlight a severe reproductive health crisis resulting from the combination of strenuous labour, frequent pregnancies and poor hygiene. Key findings underscore four interrelated issues: debilitating working conditions and the resulting gynaecological morbidity an alarming near-epidemic prevalence of early-age hysterectomies up to 36% in some districts which is  often coerced under false pretences of treating common ailments a persistent lack of formal healthcare access due to their migrant status, mobility and contractor restrictions and significant social constraints rooted in poverty, debt, caste discrimination and cultural taboos that inhibit care-seeking The public health system, insurance schemes and labour laws largely fail to account for this highly mobile population. In conclusion the paper calls for a multifaceted intervention, the deployment of mobile health services and targeted outreach to cane fields, structural labour reforms to mandate rest and secure wages and sustained advocacy to address cultural stigma and underlying socioeconomic vulnerabilities to safeguard the fundamental health rights of these workers.

The present study investigated the effect of a structured yoga intervention on cardio respiratory endurance (CRE) in urban senior citizens. A total of 30 male participants aged 60 to 70 years from Juinagar Citizen Club, Navi Mumbai, were assessed using a double-Pre- test post-test single-group design. CRE was measured using the 6-Minute Walk Test at three time points: Pre- test-1, Pre- test-2 (following a 10-week blank period), and Post-test (after a 10- week yoga training program). Descriptive statistics showed minimal change in CRE during the blank period, while significant improvements were observed following the yoga intervention. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of time on CRE, F (2, 58) = 44.74, p < .01. Post hoc analysis indicated that the increase in CRE from Pre- test-2 to Post-test and from Pre- test-1 to Post-test was statistically significant (p < 0.01).

These findings suggest that a structured yoga training program significantly enhances cardio respiratory endurance among senior urban citizens. The study highlights the potential of yoga as an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to promote cardiovascular fitness in the elderly population.

The Bh?mi S?kta of the Atharva Veda is frequently invoked in contemporary discourse as evidence that ancient Indian thought regarded Earth as a living entity. This paper argues that such readings commit a category error. Through a comparative analysis using Ny?ya realism, S??khya cosmology, and Ved?nta metaphysics, the study demonstrates that the hymn consistently treats Earth as ontologically foundational, ethically significant, and cosmologically ordered, but not biologically alive or conscious. Personification functions as normative and pedagogical rhetoric rather than empirical assertion. The paper situates the Bh?mi S?kta within philosophy of nature, environmental ethics, and philosophy of science, showing its compatibility with modern ecological understanding without collapsing into animism or proto-Gaian literalism.

The Atharvaveda represents the earliest systematic articulation of medical thought in India, combining ritual, theology, and empirical knowledge of medicinal plants. Unlike the ?gveda, where healing is largely divine and hymnic, the Atharvaveda introduces concrete therapeutic practices, disease classifications, and the explicit invocation of herbs (o?adhaya?) as agents of cure. This paper examines the origin of medicine as presented in the Atharvaveda, focusing on its cosmological foundations, concept of disease, and the role of herbs as living, divine powers. A consolidated list of medicinal plants named in the Atharvaveda is provided, demonstrating the text’s significance as a precursor to classical Ayurveda.

This descriptive study investigates the relationship between stress management and locus of control among adolescents. The sample comprised 80 students (40 males and 40 females) drawn randomly from schools in the Amritsar district of Punjab state. The study employed the Stress Management Scale (SMS) by Pushpraj Singh and Anjali Srivastava (1997) and the Hindi version of Rotter’s Locus of Control Scale (1996). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and t-test were used to analyze the data. Results indicated no significant correlation between stress management and locus of control. Gender differences were found in stress management, with males scoring higher than females, while locale did not significantly influence either variable. Significant differences in stress management were observed in relation to locus of control, with students having an external locus of control showing higher stress management scores. The study highlights implications for teachers in guiding adolescents to cope effectively with stress and develop adaptive coping strategies.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative force across multiple sectors, with education being one of the most impacted domains. AI in education encompasses intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning platforms, automated assessment tools, and data-driven decision support systems designed to enhance learning outcomes, personalize instruction, and optimize administrative processes. These technologies support differentiated learning, improve student engagement, and reduce the administrative burden on teachers. Moreover, AI facilitates inclusive education by offering assistive technologies for learners with diverse needs. While AI offers immense opportunities, it also raises challenges related to data privacy, teacher readiness, ethical use, and digital equity. Overall, the integration of AI in education represents a significant step toward more efficient, accessible, and learner-centered educational environments. This paper examines the opportunities presented by AI in education, the challenges inhibiting its effective implementation, and the future directions that will shape how AI is integrated into teaching and learning environments.

The first six years of a child’s life are vital because this is when the groundwork is established for their cognitive, social, emotional, physical, motor, and psychological development. India’s Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) represents one of the most extensive child development programmes in the world. The government of India introduced the ICDS in 1975 under the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) to provide holistic development to the child through Anganwadi centers (AWCs) managed by an Anganwadi worker (AWW) and helper (AWH). ICDS offers supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, referral services, nutrition & health check-ups, and preschool education. NEP (2020) mandates that quality early childhood development, care, and education should be universally available by 2030 to ensure all children are prepared for Grade One. In Kerala, AWWs are so overburdened that the education component does not receive ample attention, or they do not get enough time for the same. In Kerala, the early childhood education component is good, but AWWs have no time to implement the same as prescribed in the curriculum due to other duties and other reasons. To understand the early childhood education in AWCs in Kerala from the perspective of AWWs and its poorly executed implementation, the present study was initiated to study the need for better change in early childhood education through AWCs in Kerala by considering NEP 2020.

The researcher aims to analyse Amitav Ghosh’s The Shadow Lines with special reference of temporal and spatial spheres with the consideration of historical narratives. Ghosh’s fondness for mapping events with an actual source through the documentation of the same with a view to strengthen the historical narratives in the light of temporal and spatial horizons are apparent in The Shadow Lines. The researcher has explored the above-mentioned concerns and has expounded the study of the novel with the prime consideration of the shifts in temporal and spatial dynamics. Ghosh’s construction of historical narratives and mapping the real incidents with the subsequent chain of other events which adhere the diverse dimensions of time and space in the novel has been analysed by the researcher in the proposed study.

The historical narratives of the 1964 Calcutta riots, clash of Germany and Britain in World War 2 and the aftermath effects have been primarily focused by the researcher with the temporal and spatial dynamics. The historical narrative of the political upheaval between Calcutta and Dhaka have been analysed in the temporal and spatial realm along with Ghosh’s use of documenting the actual sources prevalent at that particular time period: newspaper headlines, short reports and radio commentary. In The Shadow Lines Ghosh’s use of mapping the events from Mrs. Price family’s picture of photograph has been compared with Agha Shahid Ali’s use of postcard in the poem Postcard from Kashmir as well as the Oriental binary of Westen and Eastern tradition through the characters of Ila, Tridib and Tha’mma have at minor focus.

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a landmark reforms in India’s educational landscape. It is a visionary document aimed at mapping the Indian education system to meet the evolving demands of the 21st century while being rooted in India’s educational ethos. With an emphasis on inclusivity, equity, and excellence, the policy proposes wide-ranging reforms spanning school education, higher education, teacher training, and the integration of technology. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of NEP 2020, exploring its foundational principles, strategic initiatives, and the multiple challenges it seeks to address. In addition to discussing curriculum reforms, teacher education, and digital transformation, this study develops into language policy, inclusiveness, and the reshaping of assessment methods. By expanding on the core areas of NEP 2020, this analysis evaluates its transformative potential and the prerequisites for its effective implementation.

The present research paper tries to present a quick review of the new education policy through the existing research done on the same subject. For the structured review the researcher has set the required objectives of the study and has collected the necessary data from the secondary data available. As per the plans of the Government, The New Education policy 2020 would be implemented in phases by the year 2026. The present study is presenting the time period from 2020 to 2025. And during this time whatever research papers and articles are published into the public domain are accessed through the internet. This research paper would help the stakeholders in the Indian Education System to readily access the review of the research work during the year and thereby to understand the divergent views, opinions and results discussed by different authors via their research works.

The Shinpyu (Novice Ordination or novitiation) ceremony ritual in Myanmar, represents one of the most significant and important socio-religious traditions in Therav?da Buddhist culture. That culture, which was rooted in the life of the Buddha and institutionalized through by many centuries of Buddhist practice. Shinpyu functions not only as a religious rite of passage but also as a powerful mechanism for cultural transmission, moral education, and social cohesion in Myanmar Buddhist society. This research article examines the historical origins of Shinpyu ceremony, ritual structure, symbolic meanings, and contemporary relevance of the Shinpyu ceremony in Myanmar. In the article, using textual analysis and socio-cultural interpretation, the study highlights how Shinpyu reinforces Buddhist values, overwhelming communal identity, and adapts to modern challenges while preserving its core spiritual essence.

This research article explain the important of meditation how providing the emotional stability in daily life, drawing on the based on the Noble Eightfold Path, with a particular emphasis on the section of Sam?dhi (concentration). In Buddhist teachings, emotional instability is arising from an untrained and distracted mind appeared by craving, aversion, and ignorance. The Buddha’s teachings of the Noble Eightfold Path provides a systematic way for mental purification, with Sam?dhi cover with Right Effort (Samm?-V?y?ma), Right Mindfulness (Samm? Sati), and Right Concentration (Samm? Samadhi), which serving as the core meditative discipline.[1] By the textual analysis of early Buddhist scriptures and contemporary scholarly interpretations, this study examines how Sam?dhi-based meditation practices stabilize and control the emotional responses, enhance self-regulation, and foster inner calm amid everyday challenges in our lives. The results from this research paper suggests that continuously cultivating awareness, which allows one to observe emotions without attachment or resistance, reducing reactivity and promoting equanimity. By practicing integrating awareness with Sam?dhi into our daily life, meditation becomes not merely a spiritual practice but a practical tool for emotional well-being.[2] This article support to Buddhist studies and applied mindfulness research by highlighting Sam?dhi as a foundational element for emotional stability in modern contexts.

The sects of monastic Nik?yas in Myanmar reflect the dynamic interaction between Vinaya interpretation, ritual practice, and historical circumstances and there are total nine Nik?yas in Myanmar Sangha organization. Among these, the M?ladv?ra Nik?ya, also known as the Dv?raga?a historically, which occupies a distinctive position due to its strict Vinaya orientation and doctrinal emphasis on bodily, verbal, and mental “doors” (dv?ra) in Buddhist practice. This article shows that the historical emergence of the M?ladv?ra Nik?ya by the life and contributions of the founder, The Most Venerable U Okkanavamsam?l?, widely known as Oatpho Sayadaw (1179–1267 Myanmar Era/1817–1905 CE). By studying the sayadaw’s educational levels, disciplinary ideas, doctrinal teachings, and institutional methods, this study shows how his new vision shaped a separate monastic identity within nineteenth-century Myanmar Theravada Buddhism. The article argues that the M?ladv?ra Nik?ya represents a principled attempt to preserve Vinaya- monastic discipline for purity and correct ritual understanding during a British colonial period and pressure.

The concept of a green economy has emerged as a transformative framework for achieving sustainable development by integrating environmental stewardship with economic growth. Unlike traditional growth models that often prioritize short-term profits over ecological considerations, the green economy emphasizes resource efficiency, low-carbon technologies, and socially inclusive development. This research examines how the green economy contributes to the realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting the interplay between environmental sustainability, economic prosperity, and social well-being.

Through a mixed-method approach combining qualitative case studies and quantitative analysis of policy interventions, this study explores best practices, challenges, and outcomes of green economy initiatives across sectors and regions. The findings indicate that countries and corporations that actively adopt green technologies, sustainable production methods, and climate-resilient policies not only reduce environmental risks but also enhance long-term economic competitiveness and social equity. Moreover, the research underscores the role of finance, innovation, and governance in scaling green economy solutions to meet SDG targets.

The paper also critically examines barriers such as inadequate regulatory frameworks, limited green financing, technological gaps, and disparities between developed and developing economies. By analyzing successful models and identifying systemic challenges, the study provides actionable insights for policymakers, investors, and businesses aiming to harmonize prosperity with planetary boundaries. Ultimately, the research establishes that the green economy is not merely an environmental imperative but a strategic pathway to sustainable growth, inclusive development, and global well-being.

Over the past decade, Online Food Delivery Services (OFDS) have grown significantly in India, playing an instrumental role in the expansion of the restaurant industry. The evolution of OFDS has created a digital ecosystem that fundamentally changed restaurant dynamics, customer habits, and created employment opportunities for gig workers. OFDS helps restaurants to reach out to more customers by facilitating online ordering and digital payments supported by strong logistical networks. This paper attempts to study the evolution of OFDS, key industry players, growth factors, and challenges that will shape the outlook with the help of secondary data. The findings of the study indicated that high smartphone penetration, affordable pricing strategies, rising disposable incomes, a growing population of working professionals, and the introduction of diverse business models like cloud kitchen, quick commerce have positively impacted restaurants industry, enabling it to generate more revenue than earlier. In conclusion, the study highlights that the long-term sustainability of India’s OFD sector will rely on balanced regulatory frameworks, responsible platform governance, and collaborative strategies that align growth with economic and social welfare.

Shivaji Sawant’s Mrityunjaya: The Death Conqueror remains a seminal work in Indian literature, renowned for dissecting the Mahabharata through the dramatic soliloquies of its protagonists. While the novel primarily deconstructs the tragic life of Karna, the narrative devotes significant space to Kunti, offering a poignant exploration of her psyche. This paper analyzes Kunti’s dramatic soliloquy, examining her transformation from the innocent Pritha to the burdened Queen Mother. It argues that Kunti is not merely a victim of circumstance, but a symbol of matriarchal sagacity and stoic endurance. By navigating the dichotomies of biological instinct versus social morality, and personal grief versus political duty, Kunti emerges as a complex figure who exercises agency within the rigid confines of a patriarchal order.

Quantum computing represents a shift in how we process information, rooted not in classical binary logic but in the principles of quantum mechanics. While traditional computers operate with bits (binary units of information that are either 0 or 1) quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously thanks to phenomena of superposition and entanglement. This allows quantum machines to explore vast solution spaces in parallel, making them exponentially more powerful than classical computers for certain types of problems.

Quantum computing allows fundamentally different approaches to computation that excels at simulating complex systems, solving optimization problems, and processing probabilistic data. Fields such as cryptography, materials science, climate modeling, and drug discovery are already exploring its potential. As quantum hardware matures, it is expected to complement classical systems, unlocking capabilities that were previously out of reach, even for the most powerful supercomputers. The implications for education, both in terms of what is taught and how learning systems operate, are far-reaching.

While artificial intelligence has already introduced significant disruption to educational systems, quantum computing stands to exponentially amplify these shifts. Quantum-AI systems, which leverage probabilistic computing to process high-dimensional data and explore vast solution spaces in parallel, may redefine how learning environments adapt, how decisions are optimized, and how institutional systems are structured. This convergence of quantum computing and AI introduces fundamentally new computational logics that challenge conventional models of curriculum design, assessment, and pedagogical agency.

The integration of technology into education has become a transformative force, reshaping traditional pedagogical approaches worldwide. Kerala, a pioneering state in India known for its educational reforms and high literacy rates, has increasingly adopted technology to improve educational outcomes. This paper examines the role of technology in enhancing English language competence among secondary school students in Kerala, with a specific focus on the Kerala Curriculum Framework (KCF) 2023. The KCF highlights the significance of incorporating technology into the curriculum to create more engaging, interactive, and effective learning experiences. This study explores how technology-driven pedagogical strategies can strengthen English proficiency in secondary education by emphasizing the four core communication skills: speaking, writing, listening, and reading.

In English pedagogy ICT has a pivotal part in instructing and studying experiences. Through several digital tools interactive whiteboards, educational websites, language learning apps and multimedia presentation, instructors can generate interesting and interactive classes that serve to varied teaching methods. ICT also enables access to a vast array of authentic resources like e books, online articles and audio visual materials, enriching students exposure to the language and its cultural context. Moreover, collaborative platforms and communication tools facilitate interaction among students, fostering peer to peer learning and language practice beyond the confines of the classroom.

Overall, integrating ICT in English pedagogy not only enhances language acquisition nut also cultivates digital literacy skills essential for navigating todays interconnected world.

The current study examines the relationship between life satisfaction and job satisfaction among teachers working in self-financed colleges. A descriptive and correlational research design was adopted. Data were collected from a randomly selected sample of teachers using standardized tools. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between life satisfaction and job satisfaction, while t-test and ANOVA were employed to examine differences across selected demographic variables. Life Satisfaction of self-financed college teachers was affected by Job Satisfaction, Nature of Job and gender of self-financed college teachers. Thus, it can be said that Job Satisfaction, and gender of self-financed college teachers are the key determinants of Life Satisfaction and play important role in the Life Satisfaction of Self-Financed College Teachers. The findings revealed a positive and significant correlation between life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Significant differences were also observed on certain demographic variables. The study highlights the importance of improving job-related conditions to enhance teachers’ overall life satisfaction.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in business and technology research, but its rapid adoption has raised serious ethical concerns. The study argues that undisclosed or inappropriate use of generative AI poses a serious threat to research integrity by weakening trust in scholarly publishing. This study examines retracted publications in the business and technology domain that were linked to computer-aided or computer-generated content. Using data from the Retraction Watch Database, 1,202 retracted papers published between 2010 and 2025 were analyzed. The results show that AI-related retractions were almost nonexistent before 2022, followed by a sharp rise after 2023, with the highest number occurring in 2025. China and India contributed the largest share of retracted papers, highlighting regional concentrations linked to institutional and publication pressures. It concludes that stronger AI governance, mandatory disclosure, improved editorial oversight, and ethical reform of research evaluation systems are essential to protect the credibility of business and technology research in the AI era.

This paper reviews secondary data (2023–2025) on risk management strategies in Indian MSMEs, focusing on financial, operational, external, and emerging cyber risks. Evidence from CRISIL, RBI, and academic studies shows that proactive approaches—particularly ESG integration and diversification—reduce default rates by 10–15% and enhance ROA. Trends reveal higher exposure in rural and small firms, with urban adoption of formal tools growing faster. The discussion emphasizes size and sectoral moderation effects, underscoring the need for subsidized insurance, training, and regulatory support to build resilience. The findings position effective risk management as essential for long-term MSME stability and contribution to India's economic goals.

The rapid incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into the main public health aspects by means of predictive analytics, digital surveillance, wearable technologies, and algorithmic decision-making has transformed how health is understood, managed, and experienced. The technologies, while promising efficiency, accuracy and preventive care, also raise profound philosophical issues of knowledge, power and control. This paper examines AI-driven public health systems through the philosophical lens of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, using it as a critical framework to interrogate contemporary forms of epistemic control.

This paper draws parallels between Plato's prisoners, who see only shadows and think that they are real, and today's inhabitants of the world who trust the algorithmic representations of their health, arguing that AI can be both a means to enlightenment and a mode of control at the same time. Health data dashboards, risk scores, and predictive models might uncover patterns that are otherwise invisible to human eyes, but on the other hand, they can also hide the real-life situation, treat intricate human bodies merely as data points and give power to the invisible tech systems. This risks creating an “algorithmic cave” in which machine-generated outputs are accepted as unquestionable truth.

The study further explores ethics being the main topics of data privacy, algorithmic bias, surveillance, and the transition of power from the medical professionals and patients to the corporations and state-sponsored technologies. It gives a clear warning of how one may easily mistake the outputs of the machine for the objective truth while ignoring the social, cultural, and moral aspects of health. Reassessing the Platonic ideal of reflective knowledge, it urges to give up the usual route of just listening to the algorithms and to go toward a more freeing, human-centered comprehension of health in the AI period.

The world is facing the growing threat of biological weapons which can be used for biological warfare or bioterrorism. The issue is of great concern as the biological weapons can not only be easily acquired and produced at a mass level but also because they can cause mass casualties. History has shown that biological weapons have been used over different period of times such as the use of smallpox by the European colonizers in the American continent to achieve the desired results of conquest. Evidence has also shown that some countries involved in World War I, II, during the Cold war period and even after the end of the Cold war to some extent had developed secret Biological Weapons programmes. The objective was to infect the enemy. The terrorist incidents in the United States and in the other parts of the world which involved bacterial pathogens, also showed that all nations today, equally face the threat of biological and chemical weapons.

Understanding the intensity of the threats and the public health concerns involved, initiatives have been taken to prohibit the development, production, stockpiling, and use of biological weapons at the international level. However, the efforts are not without its challenges such as misuse of biological research, adherence to universal compliances etc. The need therefore arises to understand the gravity of the threat and to overcome the challenges faced.

The research paper therefore focusses on the various threats to public health arising because of biological weapons and seeks to analyse the efforts made at the international level to contain them.

A multifaceted notion that encompasses the physical, emotional, social, spiritual, and financial spheres, wellness has grown in importance in modern psychology.  Wellness research has historically focused on stress and coping strategies, but more recent work highlights the importance of environmental and interpersonal resources especially perceived social support in promoting holistic well-being.  A crucial setting for analysing these dynamics is emerging adulthood, a developmental stage characterised by identity exploration, instability, and increased psychosocial demands.  Overall wellness may be significantly influenced by perceived support from family, friends, and significant others in India, where collectivistic cultural norms and quickly changing socioeconomic realities collide.  By examining the impact of perceived social support on multidimensional wellness among Indian emerging adults, the current study aims to go "beyond stress and coping."

Participants between the ages of 18 and 25 were evaluated on standardised measures of perceived social support and wellness across a number of categories using a quantitative, cross-sectional methodology.  In addition to examining potential domain-specific impacts, the study seeks to determine the direction and degree of correlations between these variables.  With complex ramifications for both financial and physical wellness, the results should show that more perceived social support strongly predicts greater wellness across emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions.  By placing wellness within the sociocultural realities of Indian youth, this study adds to the expanding body of literature by providing a culturally sensitive viewpoint that connects personal coping mechanisms with social resources.  The study also emphasises how crucial it is to create networks of support within peer groups, families, and institutions in order to improve development as a whole.

The aim of this research paper was to undertake a detailed SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of Chatbots which are an advanced language model from the point of view of teacher educators in India. Chatbots have contracted a lot of interest pertaining to its potential usefulness in all the sectors including field of education as well. However, its use and integration in teacher education requires a thorough analysis of the perception of its major stakeholders regarding its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into perception of teacher educators' on Chatbots and its probable significance for teacher education in India. A qualitative research methodology such as interviews and questionnaires were used. Strengths of chatbots included amplified data availability, personalised learning experiences, time savings, and interactive and engaging learning. Teacher educators were concerned that Chatbots lack contextual responsiveness, ethical considerations, and overreliance on technology. Chatbots may be used for personalised professional development, language barriers, and inclusive education. Resistance to change, privacy and data security, and technology and accessible infrastructure were some of the threats. Chatbots' strengths and opportunities highlighted its prospects in improving teaching and learning experiences in teacher education. With proper implementation strategies, challenges and concerns may be resolved. It is imperative to analyse the approaches to integrate chatbots in teacher education by addressing issues, and capitalising the opportunities for successful Chatbot application in teacher education.

The concept of "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," meaning "the world is one family," originates from ancient Indian texts and embodies a vision of global unity and interconnectedness. This research paper explores the evolution of spiritual practices in Bharat (ancient India) from Vedic rituals and Upanishadic philosophy to contemporary mindfulness, meditation, and interfaith dialogues. Drawing on historical sources, it traces how these practices have influenced modern Indian thought, including figures like Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi, who adapted them to address global challenges. The paper examines the integration of yoga, meditation, and ethical principles into modern contexts, while addressing critiques such as the tension between idealistic unity and geopolitical realism. Through an analysis of ancient wisdom's relevance today, it argues that Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam offers a framework for sustainable global harmony, though it faces challenges in a divided world. Key themes include oneness, compassion, and environmental stewardship, substantiated by philosophical texts and contemporary applications. This study highlights the enduring legacy of Bharatiya spirituality in fostering peace and collective well-being amid the modern geopolitical crises.?

Raja Rao's The Serpent and the Rope (1960) stands as a seminal work in Indian English literature, intricately weaving Indian philosophical tenets and cultural values into its narrative fabric. Through the protagonist Ramaswamy's existential quest, the novel explores Advaita Vedanta's core ideas of illusion (maya) versus reality (Brahman), juxtaposed against Western influences. This paper analyzes how Rao employs philosophical concepts like Jnana Yoga and non-dualism to depict the protagonist's search for self-realization, while cultural elements such as Brahmanical duties, mythic symbolism, and East-West cultural tensions underscore themes of identity and spiritual fulfillment. Drawing on character dynamics, particularly Ramaswamy's relationships with Madeleine and Savithri, the study highlights the novel's portrayal of Indian values like devotion, transcendence, and the eternal nature of truth. Critiques of postcolonial alienation and the blending of Sanskritized style with global philosophies are examined, arguing that Rao's work bridges ancient wisdom with modern dilemmas. Ultimately, the novel affirms Indian cultural resilience amid globalization, offering insights into metaphysical quests that transcend borders.

New education policy 2020 great impact on current education. Teacher education programmes in professional education, at college and university level, tend to have a wide scope of objective. These need to be focused and teachers need to be educated to specialize in teaching particular subjects. A heavy dependence on the individual understanding of teachers and their ability to evolve teaching methods leads not only to highly varying outcomes in students, but also puts undue pressure on teachers. Collaborative and experiential learning methods and an awareness of professional ethics need to be brought in systematically through improved teacher education from new education policy. NEP is basically a comprehensive framework to guide the development of current education in the country. Indian government decided to revise 1968, 1986 and 1992 policies to make them more relevant and compelling for the education ecosystem in NEP 2020.

The Indian Knowledge System (IKS), rooted in millennia-old traditions spanning philosophy, sciences, arts, and applied technologies, represents a robust repository of indigenous knowledge. However, historical neglect, globalization, language barriers, and limited scholarly access have impeded its transmission and global recognition. In the digital age, emerging technologies—such as digital archives, multimedia platforms, artificial intelligence, and mobile applications—offer powerful means to preserve, curate, disseminate, and engage with IKS across diverse audiences. This article explores the role of digital tools in transmitting IKS, analyzing contemporary platforms, strategic frameworks, challenges, and best practices. Leveraging case studies such as the Digital Library of India, Wikisource Sanskrit initiatives, National Digital Library of India (NDLI), and mobile language learning applications, this study highlights how digital technologies bridge temporal and spatial divides to democratize knowledge access. Key challenges—like intellectual property issues, data authenticity, linguistic diversity, digital divide, and ethical implications—are examined. The article concludes by proposing a multi-stakeholder model involving academia, government, technologists, and communities for sustainable digitization and dissemination of IKS.

The transition towards renewable energy has gained significant momentum in India, with solar energy emerging as a viable solution to rising residential energy demand and environmental concerns. This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of solar energy products and analyses their impact on residential energy consumption and the quality of life of households in the Aligarh District. Using a descriptive and analytical research design, primary data were collected from 100 households through a structured questionnaire. The study employs statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation to assess household perceptions regarding key adoption factors, including cost savings, perceived value, trust in technology, and environmental concern. The findings reveal that perceived value and savings in energy costs are the most influential factors driving the adoption of solar energy products among households, while environmental concern plays a relatively moderate role. The analysis further indicates that households adopting solar energy experience a noticeable reduction in conventional electricity consumption, leading to improved energy efficiency and financial savings. Additionally, the adoption of solar energy products contributes positively to the quality of life by enhancing energy reliability, reducing monthly expenditure, and promoting sustainable living practices. The study highlights the importance of economic incentives, awareness programs, and trust-building measures to accelerate household-level solar adoption. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, energy planners, and stakeholders to design region-specific strategies aimed at promoting renewable energy adoption and improving household welfare in semi-urban and urban regions like Aligarh.