An Internationl Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies

Sep - Oct, 2013, Vol-2/8

Impact Factor: 1.38

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2013-11-04

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND STUDENT ATTITUDES IN HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY CLASSROOMS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Amponsah

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 1 - 13

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This study reports on the research findings on associations between student’s gender and their perception of their chemistry classroom environment and their attitude towards chemistry, in the Ximhungwe circuit of the Bohlabela district in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. A sample of 210 grade 12 physical sciences students from all the ten public high schools in the circuit was selected to complete a survey on Chemistry Classroom Environment Questionnaire (CCEQ) and Attitude Towards Chemistry Questionnaire (ATCQ). One-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and a follow-up between group analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted showed that male and female students had a high perception of their CCEQ inventory, which was influenced by all the five sub-scales. Mean scores and Independent samples t-tests showed that both genders had a positive attitude towards chemistry. Spearman’s Correlation revealed that there is a relationship among the sub-scales of chemistry classroom environment but there was no relationship between physical sciences students’ perception of their classroom environment and their attitude towards chemistry by gender.

Keywords: attitude, chemistry, gender, learning environment, perceptions

Downloads: 7

EFFECT OF CHILD ATTENTION ON CAREER ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYEES IN KENYAN BANKS.

JulianaM. Mutinda, Tecla Cecilia Kirwa & Dishon Wanjere

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 14 - 25

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The purpose of this paper was to establish the effect of child attention on career

advancement of women employees in Kenyan banks. Objectives were the effect of child

care and effect of child bearing on career advancement of women employees. The study

adopted a descriptive research design. The study population comprised married and

single mothers and a sample of 149 respondents was selected. Data was collected by

use of questionnaires and interviews and data analyzed by use of descriptive and

inferential statistical techniques. Data was presented by use of frequency tables, pie and

bar charts. Findings showed that a significant relationship existed between child attention

and career advancement of women employees. This means that mothers working in banks

have a challenge balancing the role of a worker and a mother. Banks could therefore

formulate and implement measures that take care of working mothers for this would help

them balance the two roles.

Keywords: Career advancement, child attention.

Downloads: 8

TRAINING IN DISTANCE EDUCATION FOR NEW NEEDS AND TASKS

M. Venkat Reddy

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 26 - 34

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There is a need to democratize the existing educational programmes in terms of their

structure and accessibility. The theoretical possibilities offered by the distance mode of

education in this context need to be translated into political reality by effectively

implementing the educational. Innovative educational programmes and degree of

professionalism is the need of a hour in the changing context of tasks in the new millenium

for distance education. This training has to develop / improve the skills of an individual to

perform such function. The task for such changes calls for induction of new training

programmes. As this system of educational marks a significant departure from the

conventional one, new norms need to be established. The implication is that for distance

education to become a more dynamic system, i..e responsive to research finding, changing

technology is essential. The systematic training for distance educators was essential implying

that the skills, knowledge and attitudes that go into the making of a distance educator can

best be learnt on the job. The education currently is on the quality of training. This clearly

indicates the shift in focus from need for training towards distance education to make

training effective for the purpose intended.

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A CORRELATION STUDY OF PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS, ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION, EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Sandhya Gihar & Aruna Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 35 - 45

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The environment of the class provides social education to the children. It is fact that the

atmosphere in the school is affecting the behaviour pattern of the students. While the term

achievement refers to the degree of success attained in some specific tasks, especially school

performance. Therefore, scholastic achievement is the attained ability to do school tasks

either general or specific in a given subject or related content. The curiosity in attainment of

goal is determined by levels of aspiration since it is related to zest in performing the task.

Individuals with higher aspiration levels perform quality strivings to attain the goal. It means

all the factors are correlated to each others. Present investigation has been performed to

find out correlation among personality characteristics, level of aspiration, adjustment and

scholastics achievement in regard to secondary school students.

Cronin, Richard. (2009). "Natural Resources and the Development-Environment Dilemma." Exploiting Natural Resources. The Henry L. Stimson Centre. p. 63. Planas, Florent. "The Exploitation of Natural Resources". Un An Pour La Planete. Retrieved 22 March 2012. McNicoll, Geoffrey (2007). "Population and Sustainability". Handbook of Sustainable Development (PDF). Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 125–139. Retrieved 2012-03-13. Pedro, Antonio M.A. (2004). Mainstreaming Mineral Wealth in Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategies (PDF). Economic Commission for Africa. pp. 5–6. ISBN 9789211250978. Retrieved20 March 2012. Pegg, Simon (2006). "Mining and poverty reduction: Transforming rhetoric into reality" (PDF). Journal of Cleaner Production (Elsevier) 14 (3-4): 376– 387.doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.06.006. ISSN 0959-6526. Retrieved 20 March 2012.

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GANDHIAN SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS AS BACKBONE OF PEACE EDUCATION IN INDIA

D.P. Asija

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 46 - 51

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Mahatma Gandhi once stated, “If we are to reach real peace in this world we shall have to

begin with the children.” Lasting peace may depend on educating future generations into the

competencies, perspectives, attitudes, values, and behavioral patterns that will enable them

to build and maintain peace. Peace education is an integral part of the UNICEF vision of

quality basic education. United Nation announced World Peace Day on 2nd October which

transpires to be the birth date of Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi known as Bapu, Mahatma

Gandhi or Father of Nation in India. The reasons lie in the facts that Gandhian school of

thoughts regarding peace is worldwide proclaimed. The name of Gandhi and Gandhian

school of thoughts has become synonyms with peace, harmony, brotherhood, Ahinsa or nonviolence,

social justice, which enriched the values enshrined in Indian constitution and

therefore earmarked as quality pedagogy for peace education not only in India but

throughout the globe. Peace mandates the practice of values such as love, truth, justice,

equality, tolerance, harmony, humility, togetherness, and self-control. Self-suffering, if need

be, is to be preferred to inflicting violence on others. In the present paper, the investigator

tried to rationalize the significance of Gandhian School of Thoughts in the reference of peace

education.

Key Words: Gandhian School of Thoughts and Peace Education

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MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS

D.Ushalaya Raj & D.Samuel

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 52 - 62

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The research study focussed on the mental health problems of Male Juvenile offenders in the

observation homes. Majority of the juveniles under the juvenile justice board were prone to

have mental health problems. These ailments have to be intervened in order to prepare them

as a responsible citizen of the society. Normative survey method is employed to collect the

data through questionnaire by adopting Stratified Random Sampling technique. The sample

size of the study is 460. The area of study is around 9 districts in Tamil Nadu. The main

objectives of the study are, to analyze the mental health problem of juvenile offenders, to find

out the mental health problem of juvenile offenders based on, birth order, family Configuration, parental occupation, parent’s educational qualification, location of residence.

The major findings of the study are, the mental health problem among Juvenile offenders is

moderate in nature, and there is a significant difference in the mental health problem of juvenile offenders based on father’s occupation. The Juvenile offender whose father’s occupation is

cooly has comparatively high mental health problem; there is a significant difference in the mental health problem of juvenile offenders based on mother’s qualification. In the overall mental health problem, the Juvenile offender who’s Mothers qualification is Professional has

comparatively high mental health problem; there is a significant difference in the mental health

problem of juvenile offenders based on location of residence. In the overall mental health

problem, the Juvenile offender whose location of residence is Slum has comparatively high

mental health problem. Thus the causative factors for mental health problems have to be

Downloads: 9

WOMEN – THE VICTIMS OF MALE CHAUVINISM

T. Pushpanathan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 63 - 66

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Anita Desai is a voracious reader, constantly poring over books of all kinds. Writing is only her spare time engagement. A very busy housewife, she has learnt to adjust her working hours to her family life. She writes because of her inner compulsion and urge to find out the inner self or women like her, and it is here she exceeds and gets differentiated from other ordinary writers. She has carved a special niche for herself in the Indo-Anglican novels because, with her, comes a distinctive change in the content and purpose of the social novel. Most of Anita Desai’s works engage the complexities of modern Indian culture from a feminine perspective while highlighting the female Indian predicament of maintaining selfidentity as an individual woman. Desai’s works rightly focuses on these sensitive issues.

This article aims at bringing out the portrayal of women characters in the novels Anita Desai’s novels. It also shows its lights on the situation under which women lived and fought to identify the sexual inequalities within the household and the society at large.

Key words: feminism, male-chauvinism, self, etc.,

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SOCIAL SCIENCE CURRICULUM IN SCHOOLS: INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

Charu Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 67 - 76

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The paper reviews the social science curriculum with a focus on civic education at school level in India, the United States and England within an international comparative perspective. Social science as an academic discipline has largely remained a neglected domain of study at school level in India. It is, therefore, proposed to critically analyse the social science curriculum in India and to compare it with other countries for identifying the best practices and key concerns. For the purpose, the national level curriculum documents of social sciences in India have been compared and analysed with the similar documents of the United States and England. The paper is conceptualised to draw linkages, highlight similarities and point out differences in the national curriculum on civic education. The integrated themes that emerged while reviewing the social science curriculum include the present socio-cultural context of civic education, dynamic principles of curriculum organisation and contents of the national curriculum in civic education. The paper concludes with some key curricular concerns and practices of the United States and England which could facilitate the enrichment of curriculum and pedagogy of social sciences in India.

Key words: Curriculum, Social Sciences, Civic Education, Comparative Education

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TRANSGRESSION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF DALIT WOMEN: ISSUES, FACTORS AND CONCERNS

Naveen Ranjan Ravi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 77 - 86

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All human beings have the right to live as human beings. Human rights are not

conferred or given. They already exist in society. In spite of these international and national

declaration and resolutions, human rights are violated in different countries all over the

world. Human right of dalits and women in general are normally violated by high castes and

powerful communities to practice and exhibit patriarchy and Castetism. But human rights of

Dalit women are violated extremely and in peculiar form. Dalit women are in worst position

than dalits in general. There is a growing need to capture transgression of human rights of

dalit women, so that talent and potential of Dalit women can be used for development of

nation.

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A STUDY ON EFFECT OF E-LEARNING AND TRADTIONAL LEARNING ON ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS

Annie Kavitha.L

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 87 - 94

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This study examines the effect of e-learning and traditional learning on achievement in mathematics. This study provides descriptive data on students’ achievement in mathematics

from their learning (e-learning/traditional). The sample constitute of 266 students drawn

from five schools from Pondicherry. Random sampling technique is adopted to select the

sample. The researcher conducted pre-test on four concepts in mathematics. Based on the

pre-test score, students were divided into two groups, students learning by Traditional

method (group A) and students following the E-learning method (group B). Group A was

subjected to the traditional class room teaching and group B was exposed to E-learning

process. After teaching, the researcher conducted the post-test for all the 266 students. The

answer scripts were evaluated and the scores obtained by each individual were tabulated

concept-wise. The findings of the study indicate that E-learning students performed better

than the traditional learning students. There is significant difference between E-learning and

Traditional learning methods. Comparing the performance of English and Tamil medium

students following the e-learning method, it is found that the English medium students

performed better than Tamil medium students.

Key words: E-learning, traditional learning

Downloads: 10

FUTURE OF INDIAN MADRASAH EDUCATION IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD

Mohammed Basheer. K

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 95 - 104

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Globalization is on its march with liberalization and privatization, bringing drastic changes

in all walks of life including culture and identity. Impact of Globalization in the field of

education is far reaching; while education is the most important investment after healthcare

in society. One of the major informal educational system, Madrasas have contributed to our

country in many spheres like freedom movement, preservation of cultural identity, literacy

etc. Now the madrsas are struggling within the floodlight of globalization. Here we need

immediate measures to transform the system of madrasa education to overcome the

challenges of globalization, like the implementation of curriculum revision, teacher

empowerment programmes, innovative instructional strategies, adoption of ICT in learning

process and introduction of vocational subjects etc. Utilization of huge Wakaf properties,

possibilities of E- Learning and ODL system (Open and Distant Learning), benefits of

various governmental minority schemes, equivalent certifications to Madrasa degrees etc.

should be taken in to the consideration while implementing the rejuvenation programme. The

present study will try to formulate the ways and means of quality enhancement of madrasa

education system so that madrasa can utilize or overpower the impacts of globalization as

well.

Keywords: Muslim Education, Madrasa Education, Quality Improvement, Curriculum

Revision, Instructional strategies, Teacher Empowerment, E- learning, ODL system.

SOCIAL EXCLUSION LEADS TO EDUCATIONAL DROPOUT AND VICE VERSA —A STUDY ON SCAVENGER’S CHILDREN

Prasamita Mohanty

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 105 - 116

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Right to Education Act is the recent social intervention through which India has chalked out a bright road map towards her future. Undoubtedly, education will empower the two-third of populations who are socially excluded. Social exclusion is a global phenomenon that encompasses a wide range of ill practices prevailing in the society. Poverty, casteism, gender inequalities, communalism, and regionalism are becoming stumbling blocks for social progress. Fundamental skills and knowledge in the form of education that serve as the basis for enriching life of every citizen is the need of the hour. Designed to examine the educational status of scavengers’ children, the present study revealed significant kinship between social exclusion and educational drop out. Low socio-economic status and low level of parental education are responsible for scavengers’ children to be dropped out from the education system and those who are educationally drop out have become prominent factors for their exclusion.

Key words: Social Exclusion, Inequalities, Drop out

Downloads: 10

EFFECTIVENESS OF KELLER ARCS MODEL ON VIII STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE

M. Rosary Kiruba Alexy & B. William Dharma Raja

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 117 - 124

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Today, no child is entitled to lose the privilege of studying in a school. If such a

weightage is given to students, how much more weightage should be given to the learning

process and the academic achievement. Thus the learning plays a vital role in the life of a

child. Motivation is one of the core factors in the process of learning. The present study was

a new motivational design developed by Keller in 1983 which contributes both the teacher

and the student to promote learning themselves. This study was planned to measure the

academic achievement of the students through ARCS model and involved twenty-five students’ – 12 as control group and 13 as experimental group studying Standard VIII. Tests were administered among the respondents selected with regard to the learning objectives –

Knowledge, Understanding and Application. It is found that the experimental group scored

higher gain and retention scores in Knowledge and Application than the control group.

Key words: ARCS model, academic achievement, motivation, science, learning objectives.

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POLYANDROUS FAMILY: EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE

Babit Kumar Bihan & Km. Amita Bihan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 125 - 131

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Polyandry consists of two words i.e. Poly and Androus; Poly- means many and Androus

means man. So, polyandry refers to a form of sexual union, in which a woman is married to

two or more husbands at the same time and family means is a group of people living together. Therefore, R.Parkin say that,” families may be polygynous or polyandrous_ _ that is, consist

of man or woman with more than one spouse and corresponding sets of children, though

often each co-spense may form a separate household with his or , more often, her children. This polyandrous family exists in the Jaunsari’s. Jaunsari a tribal group of Uttarakhand, inhabit the jaunsar-bawar area of district dehradun. So, the objective of the present study –

what is the socio-economic background of polyandrous family of jaunsari and to know the

social change w.e.f. impact of education on polyandrous family among the jaunsari tribal

group in the two villages of kalsi block in dehradun. The data has been collected by the

technique of interview-schedule, observation and by using secondary sources: personal and

public documents etc. after analysis of the data, his findings show that, at the present time, education is the main factor for social change among the polyandrous family of Jaunsari.”

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RECENT CRIMINAL OFFENCES AGAINST SCHEDULED CASTES IN INDIA

Prakash Vir Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 132 - 140

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The effort against caste discriminations and caste crimes was not just the post-independence initiatives. Indeed, it started as early as 6th century BC when Buddha revolted against caste discrimination and caste based exploitations. Most of the crimes committed by the non SCs/STs against the non SCs/STs and those committed by the SCs/STs against the SCs/STs are usually registered under the various sections of IPC. Therefore, a comparison between special cases and IPC cases may be attempted with respect to: i) percentage of cases pending trail in courts; and ii) percentage of cases ended in conviction out of the cases tried in the court of law. The NCRB provides enough data for both these indicators. This would help us understand the performance of Central and the State governments with respect to subjecting each charge-sheeted case under a due trail process and disposing the case ultimately. This paper, more specifically, unravels the nature and magnitude of crimes committed against the scheduled castes (SCs), popularly known as Dalits, by the Non-SCs throughout India, their trend and inter-state variations and identifies the state where there is not only high incidence of crimes against the SCs but also high conviction rate in such cases.

Keywords: Criminal offences, Indian Penal Code, Dalits, Varnashrama, Indian Constitution, Legal Acts

ANXIETY AMONG PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS

D.V.V.Sambasiva Rao

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 141 - 149

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The study was designed to investigate anxiety among professional students. The

sample consisted of 400 students (200 boys and 200 girls) belongs to urban and rural

localities. The subjects were in the age group of 20-22 yrs from the medical and engineering

colleges. The data were collected by administering anxiety scale developed by Sinha (2002). Mean’s, S.D’s, analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. Results

revealed that nature of course had significant impact on anxiety.

Keywords: Anxiety, Medical Students, Engineering Students.

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A STUDY ON JOB STRESS LEVEL OF WOMEN TEACHERS WORKING UNDER WOMEN PRINCIPALS AT HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

D. Johns Vaseekaran & D.Vinoth Kumar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 150 - 158

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The present study is an attempt to explore the phenomenon of women teachers stress. Principal’s behavior has an important role in the teachers stress development. This study is

to analyze the job stress of women teachers on accordance with their women principals. A

standardized tool was given to the women teachers to identify their job stress. In that tool

there will be 20 items. Among them 5 items deal with the stress, given by the institution, 5 by

their finance, 5 by their working conditions and 5 by their women principals. The investigator

analyze the total stress of the women teachers working in high schools with their type of

school, age, educational qualification, experience, type of family and marital status. From

that the stress given by the institution, finance, working condition, and women principals can

be identified separately. If the stress level is low, then it is considered to be a stress less

women teachers working in higher secondary schools. If it is high, there will be a need of

some modification towards women teachers.

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EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG PROFESSIONAL AND NON-PROFESSIONAL STUDENTS

B.RAVINDRA & S. SAMIULLAH

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 159 - 169

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This studies that Emotional Intelligence among Professional and Non-Professional

students. It is hypothesized that Type of Organization, Gender and Nature of Course would

significantly influence the Emotional Intelligence of the students. The material used for this

study is Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) consists of 30 statements. Sample of the study was

240 i.e. Professional and Non-Professional, Male and Female, Private and Government

Organization (2x120). Simple random technique was used for this study. The results were analyzed and discussed by using appropriate statistical techniques (Means, SD’s, t-test and

ANOVA). Results indicate that there is no significant difference among Gender, Nature of

Course and type of organization. But we observe the significant difference in Emotional

Intelligence when interactions were made.

Keywords: - Emotional Intelligence, Professional, Non-Professional students, Government

and Private Organizations.

Downloads: 17

SOCIAL MEDIA IN EDUCATION: BANE OR BOON

Madhu Gupta & Kiran Rani

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 170 - 181

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After the prolonged period of more or less rigid and static pedagogical realm which

comprised fixed knowledge, fixed methods of teaching and fixed ingredients (teacher and

students), social media broke into it to make it more dynamic, flexible and learner-centred.

Like any other technology, social media is also a double-edged sword with all its helps and

hazards. This research paper discusses the opportunities offered by the inclusion of social

media in education, and also its pros and cons. Present paper reflects that social media

facilitates easy creation and phenomenal sharing of enriched and enhanced learning

experiences and also enables a personalised learning experience suitable for learners with

different styles of learning and sharing it across time and space. It also raises issues related

to social media such as low reliability of content, privacy concerns, distractions and peer

pressure which need to be addressed to make its use more fruitful.

Keyword: Social Media

Downloads: 8

EDUCATING THE FEMALE CHILD AND ATTITUDE OF PARENTS TOWARDS IT OF ALIGARH CITY OF UTTAR PRADESH

Shazli Hasan Khan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 182 - 192

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Education is an essential requirement of every citizen. It is the key and critical input

for sustainable socio-economic development. The unequal status of men and women in India

has been a source of concern for educators, social activists, administrators and other

members of the social spectrum. Several Commissions and Committees were set up from time to time to assess the progress of girls’ education and promote their participation in

education. But in spite of this realization and efforts, the education of girls is not given its

due importance and priority. Therefore, education of girls has been on the National agenda

since independence. Education of girls is increasingly being seen as a basic human right. From a human rights perspective, girls’ education is seen as a priority, as girls still

constitute almost two thirds of the children excluded from the basic education. In the present study, author has focussed on finding the attitude of parents towards female child’s

education. The data was collected from the four government primary schools of Aligarh

district of Uttar Pradesh. A sample of 150 parents was selected. The investigator found that a highly favourable attitude is there among parents towards girls’ education. The study further

found that parents are willing to send their daughters to schools so as to enable them to get

modern and quality education.

Key Words: Girl child, Girl child education, Women empowerment, attitude scale.

Downloads: 8

REINVENTING EDUCATION THROUGH COOPERATIVE LEARNING

Rekha Chavhan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 193 - 199

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This paper explores Cooperative learning strategy as a means to redefine current approaches

to education . Based on the experimental study conducted on B.Ed students , the authors

discusses effect of cooperative learning on academic performance , self esteem and attitude

towards learning of pupil teachers . Curricular content of B.Ed course (science method) was

delivered through Cooperative learning strategies. The study was implemented for a period

of one month. The main difference in implementation was in the pedagogical approach

employed to facilitate learning. The experimental group was exposed to various Cooperative

learning strategies viz Corners, Phillips 66, Think pair share, Three step interview, Round Robin brainstorming, Number head together and Jigsaw. Pre–test and a post–test were given

to the students to determine their academic performance, self esteem and attitude towards

learning before and after the study. The result indicates that there was significant difference

in academic achievement, self esteem and attitude towards learning of the pupil teachers

after implementation of cooperative learning strategies. By applying this approach , it is

proposed that learning can be understood from more complex perspectives , and

consequently more amenable with emergent social, recreational and educational networks.

Keywords: Cooperative learning strategy, academic performance, self esteem , attitude towards learning

Downloads: 8

CELEBRITY ADVERTISEMENTS FOR BRANDS- A SWEET YES FROM MARKETER, A BITTER NO FROM CUSTOMERS……

Brijendra Singh Yadav

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 200 - 216

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The existence of celebrity advertisements can be frequently seen in the market where the

marketers using this as a tool for promoting the brand and accelerating its reachability to the

customers by enhancing sales on one hand and increase of market share on the other hand.

Celebrities are widely used in various advertisements in audio- visual mode in the present

media world. This is somewhere in marketing also known as Celebrity Endorsement. But

this concept of increasing sales value does not get prove all the time and shows negative

impact of using more celebrity advertisements on the customers. The present paper puts

emphasis on evaluation of negative celebrity shadow on the perception of brand by the

consumers. The paper also puts up emphasis on sorting out the factors or characteristics of a

celebrity which are most important in consumer’s perception to percept negative feeling

towards a certain brand. The present author also tried to evaluate that whether really the

celebrity endorsement is still effective and to measure the degree of relationship that a

celebrity’s persona has with his or her creditability in this modern market full of intellect and

highly- aware customers.

Keywords: Celebrity, Celebrity Endorsement, Perception, Persona, Promotion

Downloads: 9

ATTITUDE OF RICKSHAW PULLERS TOWARDS EDUCATION IN RELATION TO THEIR LITERACY LEVEL AND ECONOMIC STATUS

Neeraz & Sanjay Chandwani

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 222 - 237

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The present study examined the Attitude of Rickshaw Pullers towards Education in Relation to their Literacy Level and Economic Status. The sample of 500 Rickshaw Pullers was selected purposively, 250 Rickshaw Pullers from Phagwara and 250 from Ludhiana. The sample mostly constituted illiterate or semi-literate people. So the investigator used unstructured interview schedule and rating scale. The face validity, content validity and spilthalf reliability of the interview schedule and rating scale was established by the investigator. The investigator used numerical and descriptive analysis of data between different variables like attitude towards education, literacy level and economic status under the study and found that most of the Rickshaw Pullers are illiterates and migrants from other states of the country for their bread and butter. It is found that most of the Rickshaw Pullers earn in the rage of rupees 4500-6000 per month, but it is a matter of grief that a major part of their income falls into the pocket of the owner of the Rickshaws. Although the centre as well as state governments have launched some schemes and programmes for the welfare of the rickshaw pullers, yet they are not fully aware of the schemes. The literacy level of the rickshaw pullers is very low. About 70% are just like illiterates. Rest of the 20% having Elementary education whereas about 10% are Secondary, Senior Secondary and Graduates. A marginal negative correlation was found between the level of literacy among rickshaw pullers and their attitude towards education. There is a moderate positive correlation between the education of the rickshaw pullers and their economic status.

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A STUDY OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS COMPUTER EDUCATION AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO GENDER, LOCALITY AND ACADEMIC STREAM

Hemant Lata Sharma & Jasbir Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 238 - 245

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The purpose of the present study is to investigate the Attitude towards Computer Education of

senior secondary school students in relation to Gender, Locality and Academic stream

.Descriptive survey method was used. The sample was comprised of 200 senior secondary

school students from District Rohtak of Haryana. The investigator adapted the Attitude

towards Computer Education scale by Jahanur Ali (2001) for data collection. This scale has

28 items and standardized on under graduate students. But the investigator selected 20 items

from this scale and then conducted the pilot study to know the reliability of this scale. The

Cronbach Alpha value of CAS in current study is 0.831.Findings of the study showed no

significant difference in the Attitude towards computer education of senior secondary school

students in relation to Gender, Locality and Academic stream.

Keywords-Attitude, Computer Education, Gender, Locality and Academic stream.

Downloads: 9

A STUDY OF ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF CLASS IX STUDENTS OF TINSUKIA DISTRICT OF ASSAM IN RELATION TO THEIR GENDER, HABITATION AMD TYPES OF MANAGEMENT OF THE SCHOOLS

Lokman Ali & Neeta Kalita Barua

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 246 - 256

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In the present study an attempt has been made to study the level of academic achievement as well as to find out the difference in academic achievements of the Class IX students of Tinsukia district of Assam in relation to their gender, habitation and types of management of the schools. The sample consisted of 600 Class IX students selected through stratified random sampling technique from 20 co-educational Secondary Schools. The sample was stratified on the basis of gender, habitation and types of management of the schools. The aggregate percentage of marks obtained by the Class IX students in their annual examination of 2012 was used as the indices of their academic achievement. The data were analyzed with help of both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study reveal that the levels of academic achievement of the Class IX students of Tinsukia district are in third division category. The study revealed no significant difference in academic achievement of the students in relation to their gender and habitation except the types of management of the schools.

Downloads: 14

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND SCHOOL TYPES AS SOURCES OF TEACHER EXPECTATIONS

Vidyanand Khandagale & Shefali Pandya

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 257 - 263

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Teachers\' expectations about their students\' abilities affect classroom interactions and influence students performance in various ways. The investigations was aimed at comparing teacher expectations of student performance in existing secondary school students on the basis of school types. Hence, it has adopted the descriptive method of the causal-comparative type. It may be termed as synchronic in nature as data were collected at one point in time. The researcher has adopted the value added model in the methodology of the present study. The value added model was used to study the value added by the school by adjusting for the effect of the SES on teacher expectations of student performance.

In order to select the sample of the study, the researchers adopted a four stage sampling procedure. At the first stage, schools affiliated to the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (MSBSHE) and situated in Greater Mumbai were selected using stratified random sampling where the strata included the geographical location of the schools namely, South Mumbai, North Mumbai, and Central Mumbai. At the second stage, schools were selected using stratified sampling where the strata include the type of management of schools namely municipal, private-aided and private-unaided. At the third stage, individual classrooms from the selected schools were selected using simple random sampling (lottery method) technique. At the fourth stage, individual students were selected from the classroom using incidental sampling technique due to reasons beyond the researcher’s control.

The sample included 1209 students from standard X from English medium schools situated in Greater Mumbai. However, even when SES is controlled, students from municipal schools have significantly lower teacher expectations of student performance than those from privateaided and private-unaided schools. Thus, it may be concluded that rather than SES of

Downloads: 10

DREAM OF ACHIEVING HUNDRED PERCENT UNIVERSALIZATION OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT IN INDIA: AREN’T THEY TWO REALITIES OF THE SAME COIN

Shazli Hasan Khan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 264 - 286

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There has been a long cherished dream of achieving hundred percent Universalization of Elementary Education in India since independence. India has achieved close to Universal enrolment. The small proportion of children who are still out of school, the hardest to reach, will be pulled in by the efforts emanating from ‘The Right to Education (RTE) Act”. It is expected that an estimated over one crore children, who have either dropped out of school or who have neither been to any educational institution or school will get free and compulsory education, as it would be binding on the part of local, State and Central governments so as to ensure that all children in the age six to 14 years age group get schooling. Further, there is a strong need to generate awareness among various stakeholders responsible for its implementation, especially primary education in the rural areas, needs to be focused with a special attention. There is an urgent need to address some issues and challenges which are very critical for the success of RTE Act. Some of the issues are shortage of qualified teachers, infrastructure in schools, requirement of new schools and finances. Schools must also be made aware of provision of the twenty five percent reservations under the schedule. Rigorous efforts should be made to implement this Act, especially in rural areas, where more than 70% child labourer work in agriculture and where access to school is severely limited and the non-availability of qualified and trained teachers makes the situation worse.

There is not an iota of doubt that the RTE Act (2009) is a milestone initiative of the Government of India to strengthen the education system, but at the same time, it is also very necessary to involve the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in rural areas for universalizing the elementary education. If PRI members are monitoring the enrolment procedure of their jurisdiction, then success would automatically come through this Act. Community participation and mobilization can also help to solve many existing problems, financial as

well as physical, which are related to RTE-Act. The author in the present paper tries to highlight the need of achieving hundred percent UEE, in the background of effective implementation of RTE Act. The present paper also focuses upon the various issues and challenges which are there in the effective implementation of RTE Act. The author has also tried to elaborate upon various shortcomings and gaps which have been noticed in the RTE Act, and therefore the author has given various suggestions for strengthening and improving the present RTE Act.

Key Words: Right to Education Act-2009, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, UEE, Panchayati Raj

Institutions

Downloads: 8

THE IMPACT OF GAMES ON LEARNING OF NUMERACY IN MATHEMATICS

Usha A. Borkar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 287 - 292

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The objective of the study was to teach the topic of Numeracy in Mathematics to Standard Two level students through Games and study its effect on academic achievement. The sample for the study consisted of 29 girls and 39 boys studying in Maharashtra State Board located in North Mumbai.Pre test posttest single group design was followed for the study. There was considerable improvement in the academic achievement of the students in the selected topic while learning through games. There was no difference in the academic achievement of the girls and boys.

Key Words: Mathematics, Numeracy, Academic achievement, and Games

Downloads: 8

STUDY OF SELF-ESTEEM OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL SENIOR SECONDARY STUDENTS

Sudha K. Sharma & Shahwar Fatima Zaidi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 293 - 306

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The present study aims at investigating Self-Esteem of male and female students of senior secondary schools of tribal and non-tribal area of Malda district, Kumari and Sarvar self-esteem inventory (2011) was used for this study. The findings of the research study indicate no significant variations between the two groups in all the three dimensions (general, cognitive and social self-esteem) and in total self-esteem as well. The obtained tvalue of total self-esteem of tribal female and tribal male is 2.49, tribal female and non-tribal female is 2.73, tribal female and non-tribal male is 3.34, tribal male and non-tribal female is .116, tribal male and non-tribal male is .622, non-tribal female and no-tribal male is .622, non-tribal female and no-tribal male is .529. The mean value of total self esteem of tribal male is 136.66, tribal female is 127.86, non-tribal male is 138.44 and non-tribal female is 137.02.

Downloads: 6

DREAM OF ACHIEVING HUNDRED PERCENT UNIVERSALIZATION OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RIGHT TO EDUCATION ACT IN INDIA: AREN’T THEY TWO REALITIES OF THE SAME COIN

Shazli Hasan Khan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 307 - 329

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Key Words: Right to Education Act-2009, Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, UEE, Panchayati Raj

Institutions

Downloads: 6

Organizational Health of Secondary School Teachers: A Study

Vijay Dhamane

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 330 - 336

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This study focused on Organizational Health of secondary school teachers and compares it with gender wise, type of management and nature of appointment. The objectives of the study were to compare Organizational health of Secondary School teachers in case of :male teachers and female teachers, aided school teachers and unaided school teachers, permanent appointed teachers and temporary appointed teachers and post graduate teachers & graduate teachers . Descriptive survey design was used for the study. The sample for this study was 350 secondary school teachers as per the objectives of the study. The data were collected with the help of Organizational Health Scale (OHS) prepared by researcher. It were analyzed with Mean, S.D. and‘t’ test. In the conclusion it was found that there is no significant difference in Organizational Health of Secondary school teachers in case of male teachers and female teachers, permanent appointed teachers and temporary appointed teachers and post graduate teachers & graduate teachers. There is a significant difference between Organizational Health of aided secondary school teachers and unaided secondary school teachers. This study will contribute to compare the organizational health of different types of school and different types of teachers as well.

Key Words : Organizational Health, secondary school teachers

Downloads: 9

DIVERSITY ISSUES IN TODAY’S CLASSROOM: PROBLEMS & PROSPECT

Jibolata Naorem

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 336 - 343

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Most of the society’s in the world are multicultural and diversity in nature. Our world itself

is a multicultural and diversity world. On the one hand, our school is also diversity and

multicultural in nature. This time teacher plays an important role. The present paper found out teachers views towards diversity and multicultural issues in today’s classroom and

school environment. Teacher must manage these issues in a peaceful way then it will be

helping in bringing a peaceful world.

Downloads: 14

THE CONCEPT OF GENDER IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN THEATRE IN ENGLISH: A STUDY INTO THE PLAYS OF MAHESH DATTANI

Mitul Trivedi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 344 - 352

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‘Gender’, today, is not seen as a creation of different properties of physical bodies but is a creation of social beliefs, behavior and practices. The concepts of ‘Gender’ and ‘sex’ are among Feminism’s most central debates, yet there is no consensus on how these concepts can be defined or how to theorize their inter-relationship. The term ‘Gender discrimination’ can be defined as person of either gender is treated unfairly within the society on the basis of his/her gender. The present study, however, would specifically focus on ‘female’ gender as it is represented in Mahesh Dattani’s plays.

Indian society has always been male dominated and masculine-oriented one. One always finds men to be at the zenith of power and domination, while the women remain ‘marginalized’ and always, with a handful of exceptions, at the background. The male-child in the family is supposed and believed to be the ‘symbol’ of ‘prosperity’ which is always in tune with the tradition of male-domination in India. It is supposed that the male-child of the family plays the role of ‘protector’, ‘preserver’ and ‘provider’. Even today, this patriarchal code denies accepting any deviation on the part of the male-child.

Key Words : Gender Discrimination, Indian Theatre in English, Marginalization, Concept of Self/Other

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INDOCTRINATING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT CULTURE IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Geeta R Thakur

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 353 - 359

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Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information. Knowledge management is the practice of adding actionable value to information by capturing, filtering, synthesizing, summarizing, storing, retrieving and disseminating tangible and intangible knowledge; developing customized profiles of knowledge for individuals so they can get at the kind of information they need when they need it; and creating an interactive learning environment where people transfer and share what they know and apply it to create new knowledge. [Management Review, 1999]. This paper focuses on the various tools of knowledge management which can be used in educational institutions. It also highlights the way through which knowledge management can be implemented in educational institutions.

Keywords: knowledge management, educational institutions, tools of knowledge management

Downloads: 7

COUNSELING - A SOLUTION OF PROBLEMATIC CHILDREN

Jayshree Anil Airekar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 360 - 367

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Modern life has become stressful in ways that were unknown to our forebears. We know that

people in earlier days had problems. However the nature of our grandparents problems and

the resources available to them to deal with those problems were sufficiently distinctive. A

comparison of their stresses and ours would reflect qualitative as well as quantitative

differences. During recent years, society has developed a variety of institutions to help

individuals cope effectively with their more complicated lives. The mental health professions

represent one of these helping institutions and Counseling psychology in one aspect of and an

integral part of them modern society in complex. Being composed of a conglomerate of social

sub-units living uneasily with one another numerous social and psychological problems,

stresses and strains on the individual are apparent. Many children who have suffered

behavior problems like shyness, numerousness, anxiety, aggressive behaviour, stubbornness,

limper tantrums, dull or mentally deficient stealing, cheating, gambling, trauancy,

argumentative, impudent and rule. The parent may not be able to see the problem of his or

her child as the teacher sees it. If the parent is told of a conduct problem of his child, he may

feel hurt embarrassed and may even become disturbed parent may take a defensive attitude

or react in hostile manner. The counsellor has to see the pupil\'s actions without bias and

enlist the parent\'s cooperation for doing something positive for the child.

Keywords : Counseling, encouragement, sympathy, comfort, hostile, problematic, deficient,

obstinate.

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ATTITUDE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS AND PROSPECTIVE TEACHER EDUCATORS’ TOWARDS THE USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS RELATED TECHNOLOGIES IN COLLEGES OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Shazli Hasan Khan

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 368 - 381

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Twenty first century is the age of Information and Communication Technology (ICT).

ICT has influenced all aspects of human life, teacher education cannot be exception. This fact

influences the change of attitudes towards the usage of ICTs. A wide range of ICT such as

laptop, Liquid Crystal Display projectors, softwares like Power Point, MS Office and several

other interactive courseware are now increasingly being used by the teachers and teaching

learning communities so as to support teaching and learning in the classroom. Recognizing

the impact of new technologies, the teacher education institutions are trying to restr5cutre

their educational programs and classroom facilities, in order to minimize the teaching and

learning technology gap between the present and the future.

The present study aimed at finding out the attitude of prospective teachers and

prospective teacher educators towards the use of ICTs in the classrooms in relation to

gender, class, habitat, discipline and medium of school. For carrying out the present study, a

sample of 93 prospective teachers, which were B.Ed students and 30 prospective teacher

educators, which were M.Ed students were taken. These students were from Vivekananda

College of Teacher Education, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Survey method was used to collect

data. Data was collected with the help of self-constructed questionnaire which contained

Likert type 25 items and one open ended question. The statistical techniques which used were

mean, SD, t-ratio and Analysis of Variance in order to analyse the collected data. The

findings of the study indicated that there was significant difference in the attitude of

prospective teachers and prospective teacher educators on the basis of gender, class, medium

but no significant difference was found among them, on the basis of discipline and location.

The present paper also tries to find out that how ICTs would be able to transform the present

teacher-centred classroom learning environment into a more innovative, rich ICT-based

student-centred learning environment.

Key words: ICT, Interactive Learning Environment, Pedagogy, Likert Type Scale, Teacher

Education.

Downloads: 10

JOURNEY OF KHADI AND VILLAGE INDUSTRIES: “LIVERY OF FREEDOM” TO “FABRIC OF LIVELIHOOD

Raunak Ahmad

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 382 - 392

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This article looks at the present status of Khadi and Village Industries and the challenges

faced in this globalised world of free market economy and also suggest possibilities for

corrective measures and improvement. India is an agrarian economy. Apart from

agriculture, KVI play an important role in the rural economy. From centuries it is an integral

part of village life. The KVI is significant in sustainable and balanced growth of a nation. It

is an alternative to fight back rural unemployment and underemployment and deserve equal

nurturing as we are nurturing the culture of Multi National Companies in our country. Gandhi’s humble spinning popularised charkha that was used as a non violent weapon of

socio-political change, no matter the time has changed so as the symbol of change, that is

charkha but the Gandhian spirit of Khadi that is self- reliance will always remain the vital

theme of KVI which needs attention at the present time. Like a man cannot live in isolation

similarly a country cannot live in isolation with the process of globalisation which is an

important factor for its existence as well as development. It became equally important to

remain the part of globalised world yet preserve and protect the indigenous and integral part and knowledge which still influence people’s life and holds an important place in socio

economic life, KVI is one such example. The paper analyse the contemporary status of KVI in

the backdrop of globalisation and the challenges faced in the form of tough market competition. The simple fabric of Khadi is no more ‘Livery of Freedom’ or ‘Fabric of Freedom’ but it is still a ‘Fabric of Livelihood’ for millions of people. It is need of the hour to

review KVI by associating it with globalisation rather than viewing the globalised market as a threat to its survival. The objective of self reliant KVI which was a true spirit behind KVI

since its conception needs revival. This could be achieved only through a whole new set of

strategies which will equip KVI to take up the challenges rather than depending on subsidies

and rebate.

Key Words: Khadi and Village Industries, Globalisation, Livelihood

Downloads: 8

IMPACT OF E-BOOK READER AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN E PUBLISHING ENVIRONMENT

Khamkar Satwashila Balaso

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 393 - 398

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This paper discusses the e-book reader, e-books and its related aspects in the present

e-publishing environment. E-book reader is an electronic device designed for the purpose of

reading the digital e-books and periodicals. It display text on the screen and may act as an

e-book reader. The single e-book reader holds the many printed texts. It is the digital

versions of the printed books and Journals.

Keywords: e-book reader, advantages of e-book, electronic device, e-book, e-publishing

Downloads: 7

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AS PREDICTOR OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG NURSING STUDENTS

Neerja Sharma & S. S. Nathawat

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 399 - 407

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The study aimed at investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence and

academic performance among nursing students. Emotional Intelligence was measured using

Emotional Quotient Test developed by Chadha and Singh (Singh, 2006). It comprised three

sub-dimensions: emotional sensitivity, emotional maturity and emotional competence. The

academic performance was based on the marks obtained in the University examination.

Results revealed no statistically significant correlation between the emotional intelligence

and the marks obtained, indicating that academic performance of nursing students might not

be predicted from emotional intelligence. Need for exploring emotional intelligence in

conjunction with cognitive abilities for academic predictions is recommended.

Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Academic Performance, Cognitive Abilities, Social

Intelligence

Downloads: 9

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Shilpa Kaura

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 408 - 415

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Education is governed by the constitution of India. Maintenance of standards of Higher

Education comes in the union list and setting up of universities falls in the union and states

list. FDI in education is not a new concept since the impact of privatization is penetrating all

sectors of the Indian economy, it is bound to affect education sector as well. According to

deloitte, a global consultancy firm\'s report, India which ranks third after china and united

states in terms of higher education enrollment requires more FDI in this sector in order to

meet its target of doubling its gross enrollment ratio by 2020. The government has set an

aggressive target of achieving 30 percent in higher education by 2020 from the current level

of 15 percent. Role of private sector in higher education has significantly increased in the

last decade Higher education is an economic requirement for the country for growth.

Government must consider seriously corporatization of higher education so as to allow

corporate houses to enter higher education and deliver education of global standards. This

will also facilitate several private universities, research house, large corporate to consider

FDI in India\'s higher education market. The globalization of knowledge its creation,

dissemination and acquisition poses a tremendous challenge to India\'s governing bodies and

national education policy makers who are aiming for the sustained integration of global

knowledge into the country\'s national educational system which demands transparency,

openness, flexibility and innovation. The present paper survey, examines and reasesses the

literature and work done in FDI in education and on foreign educational collaborations and

provides a strategic analysis at the Indian higher education sector from the perspective of

education in India\'s universities and colleges from the view point of foreign investor to

attract and encourage more foreign direct investment in education.

Key words: FDI, Higher Education Sector, Present Opportunities for FDI in India.

Downloads: 12

MOHANTY AND HIS FAITH IN PRAYERS TO LORD JAGANNATHA

Neelam K. Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 416 - 423

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The Present paper is to search the staunch faith of the poetMohanty in the Lord Jagannatha

in his master piece poemPrayers to LordJagannatha.He has shown his faith in the poem

Prayers to LordJagannatha. Here, the poet has also presented his ideas as a human being.

This religious poem establishes Mohanty not only a devotee of the Lord Jagannatha, but also

a human being making attempts for the welfare of the humanity.

Key words: Mohanty, Faith, Lord, Jagannatha.

Downloads: 8

THEORISING LITERARY MODERNISM: READING WITH THE MODERNISTS

Gautam Choubey

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 424 - 436

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The paper seeks to explore modernism as an aesthetic category as it unfolds in an uncertain interwar Europe. In the process, it eschews any time lag or belatedness between the arrival of literary modernism and its subsequent theorisation by later theorists. Modernism, in this paper, emerges as a set of literary and theoretical assumption, as it is developed by its practitioners such T.S Eliot.

Key Words: Modernism, Interior Monologue, Art, Autobiographical

Downloads: 7

CHALLENGES FACED IN TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMME

Anjali Monga

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 437 - 442

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Teacher education is an integral component of the educational system. It is intimately connected with society and is conditioned by the culture and character of a nation. Various Commissions and Committees appointed by the Central and the State Governments in recent decades have invariably emphasized the need for quality teacher education suited to the needs of the educational system. But still teacher education is facing many problems such as economic, social, cultural reconstruction, crisis of values and morality and isolation of teacher education from schools, peer institutions, universities and other institutions of higher learning as also the community. The nature of school education is changing day by day but the changes at the level of teacher education have not adequately responded to the emerging realities at the school level. All that the teachers are expected to do in their work places need to be reflected in the teacher education activities and programmes.

KEY WORDS: Challenges, Teacher Education

Downloads: 8

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF IMAGE SUPER RESOLUTION ALGORITHMS

Nikunj R. Patel & Yagnik Rathod

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 443 - 457

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In the digital era, Image processing becomes more popular and most researched field. Most of the devices which needs the Image enhancement because of low profile hardware, we cannot upgrade the hardware so to achieve the high resolution we must develop the technique to enhance the Image via software, and Super Resolution is the technique to achieve High Resolution from the low resolution Image.

We can get the High Resolution Image from the Low resolution Image using the Super Resolution Technique. There are two basic approaches, we can use; Wavelet Domain technique and Spatial Domain technique for multi frame and Single frame. Up to this there are so many research work done multi Image Enhancement, but our job is to review the different techniques of Super Resolution (SR).

Keyword: Super Resolution, Image Processing, Wavelet Domain, Spatial Domain.

Downloads: 6

SIGNIFICANCE OF HEUTAGOGY IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

Ajay Kumar Attri

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 458 - 464

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Heutagogy, a form of self-determined learning with the practices and principles rooted in andragogy, has recently resurfaced as a learning approach after a decade of limited attention. In a heutagogical approach to teaching and learning, learners are highly autonomous and self-determined and emphasis is placed on development of learner capacity and capability with the goal of producing learners who are well-prepared for the complexities of today’s workplace. The approach has been proposed as a theory for applying to emerging technologies in distance education and for guiding distance education practice and the ways in which distance educators develop and deliver instruction using newer technologies such as social media. In 21th Century, depending on the development of information and communication technology tool, restructuring studies have been also made on education as it is made on each sector. World states strike out the education policies in parallel with the development of communication technologies. Distance Education is a field of education that focuses on the pedagogy, technology, and instructional system designs that aim to deliver education to students who are not physically on site in a traditional classroom or campus. Nowadays, researches on the use of computer networks are becoming increasingly common in distance education technique. This article highlights the changing nature of distance education due to rapid development of technology and also throw light on the different elements and definitions of distance education. The main focus of this article is on the concept of heutagogy along with its significance in distance education.

Keywords: Lifelong learning; heutagogy; self-determined learning; andragogy; self-directed learning; social media; capability; competency; double-loop learning; reflection

Downloads: 7

A STUDY OF ERP & IT’S ROLE IN INDIAN UNIVERSITIES

Pardeep Mittal & Manoj kumar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 465 - 472

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Today ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) has a great role in various fields of business as

well in education. The adoptation of ERP has a positive response towards education in

various universities & educational institutes. In fact the involvement of management, parents,

and students makes effective effort for the growth of education. While ERP systems have

traditionally been used by capital-intensive industries, such as manufacturing, construction,

aerospace, and defense, they have recently been implemented in the finance, education,

insurance, retail, and telecommunications sectors.ERP has a great standard role upon

technology to implement it in educational system. the concept is not only new but also

challenging to the Indian Universities. This paper includes ERP, its opportunities

and challenges, characteristics, advantages & the role of ERP system in Indian

Universities.

Keywords: Intensive, consultancy, security, feedback.

Downloads: 7

MOBILE PHONE ADDICTION AMONG YOUNGSTERS

Kusum Jain & Nidhi Kakkar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 473 - 479

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Today Mobile phones is one of the manifestations of communication technology which have a strong position in modern life and human society and are considered as an integral part of everyday relations. . In today’s communicational world mobile phone are used largely as a means of personal communication. Psychiatrists proclaim that in the 21st century mobile phone addiction has become one of the major non-drug addictions. It can be said that for many people living without mobile phones is not possible or at least is not desirable. Mobile phone can be considered as a form of technological addiction. Many mobile phone addicts are people with low self-esteem and have difficulty in their social relationships and feel that they need to constantly contact with others. Turning off mobile phones can provide anxiety, sensitiveness and sleep disorders and insomnia and even shivering and digestive problems. Also it creates emotional attachment for users, so these people believe that without the use of mobile phones they are unable to live. The popularity of cell phones among young people is not unique in India, but it is a worldwide phenomenon. The formation of a global youth culture around mobile phones is an emerging topic of academic interest and research. Several studies have been conducted on the use of mobile phones among young people in different countries across the world such as Japan, Norway, Finland, USA, and Britain. This study adds to the growing body of research by providing empirical information about the use of mobile phones by youngsters in India.

Downloads: 7

ROLE OF FAMILY BACKGROUND IN GENERATING ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION IN ADOLESCENTS

Neeta Uniyal & Savita Rawat

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 480 - 488

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The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of different types of family

background and sex on the academic achievement motivation (AAM) of the adolescents. A

normative survey method of research was employed by adopting 3X2 factorial design. A

sample of 480 adolescents from Dehradun city was selected by stratified random sampling

method. This sample of 480 adolescents was comprised of 142 adolescents with High family

background (HFB), 274 with Average family background (AFB) and 104 with Low family

background (LFB) on the basis of the feelings of the adolescents which they perceive towards

their parental acceptance, concentration and avoidance. Further, the sample was also

divided genderwise. An Academic Achievement Motivation Test (AAMT) developed by T.R.

Sharma was used to collect the data from the sample. One way and two ways ANOVA were

calculated for deriving the results. The results showed that there was significant difference in

the level of academic achievement motivation between boys and girls and also among the

adolescents having HFB, AFB and LFB.Girls were found to have high academic achievement motivation (AAM) than their boy’s counterpart. It was interesting to find adolescents with

LFB have more AAM while adolescents coming from HFB have the least AAM. The most

important finding was that the computed F ratio of interaction was found to be insignificant

which indicates that sex and family background does not jointly affect the academic

achievement motivation of the adolescents.

Keywords: Academic Achievement Motivation (AAM), Different Types of family background

i.e. HFB, AFB and LFB.

Downloads: 8

EFFECTIVENESS OF INCLUSIVE SCHOOL ACTIVITIES ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF DISABLED STUDENTS

Gajanan L. Gulhane

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 489 - 495

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The aim of this paper is to study the effects of an inclusive school activities on the academic

performances of students with sensory and mobility disabilities in the primary schools of Amravati District, India. Also, this paper examines the teachers’ and parents’ perspective

regarding the inclusive education of students with sensory and mobility disabilities. The study

reveals that the developed inclusive school activities have significant effects on the academic

performances on the experimental group in both reading and basic operation of mathematics,

compared with those in the control group. The parents have positive perspectives while some

headmasters and teachers have negative perspectives towards the inclusive education

programme.

Key Words: Inclusive education

Downloads: 7

CUSTOMIZED TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN RURAL HARYANA

Sudesh Sharma

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 496 - 500

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It is unfortunate but the truth that ELT in most of the academic situation in India seems to be

inefficient and impractical. English language proficiency and communicative competencies

of a majority of students are open to question at the college level, most of the students , who

have passed university entrance exams by their cramming skills and survival stratagems are

not able to communicate either orally or in written form even their basic intentions

effectively, traditional approaches are used where the classes are dominated with the

lecturing of teachers with students listening and working individually an assignments.

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HIGHER EDUCATION REFORMS IN HUNGARY; RELEVANCE FOR INDIA

Sujata Srivastava

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 501 - 509

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There has been a huge expansion of higher education in India after independence. There has

also been improvement in qualitative terms. However the quest for quality goes on and there

is a general agreement that the state of the Indian higher education system needs further

improvement if it aims to be a global player. The important aspects of higher education in

India like the financing of higher education, accreditation of curriculum and academic

autonomy have been critically examined. Various reforms have been made in the Hungarian

higher education system pertaining to the above mentioned aspects and suggestions have

been offered for the Indian higher education system.

Key Words: Higher education, Reforms, Hungarian Higher Education System

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HOW MARKET ORIENTATION ENHANCES PERFORMANCE IN MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES INDUSTRY?

Ruturaj Baber , Prerana Baber & Yogesh Upadhyay

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 510 - 520

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The concept of market orientation was introduced as a key construct by Payne (1989), Kohli

and Jaworski (1990) and Narver and Slater (1990) to improve business performance. In this

article the authors try to identify the variable and constructs which constitute the concept of

market orientation (MO). How the concept of MO has been implemented and has benefited

Manufacturing and Services Industry is explored through this article. Secondary data has

been used as a source for revelation in this research. This article also recommends

preposition for top level executives who desire enhancing performance in manufacturing and

services industry. Few limitations and directions for the future researches are discussed at

the end of the article.

Keywords: Market orientation; Business performance; Manufacturing industry; Service

industry.

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ECO-FRIENDLY FIBER FOR THE 21ST CENTURY- LYOCELL AND ITS BLENDS

Pratima Goyal & Ela M. Dedhia

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 521 - 532

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Today’s apparel fabrics are expected to meet all the requirements related to comfort, healthcare, handle, ease of care properties as well as performance. Fashion forecasting is an important ongoing activity as it is very dynamic. The forecast for the 21st century is a blend of natural and man-made fibers. The objectives of the study were to compare Lyocell/Tencel and its blends, an eco-friendly regenerated fiber. The yarns procured used were of 2/30s and 2/40s count in parallel and twisted construction. Yarn count, twist per inch, unevenness %, hairiness, RKM, elongation % and CSP were evaluated to check the yarn performance. All the values obtained were as per industrial requirements. In all, 24 different yarns were tested. It was found that the yarn twist, count, elongation%, RKM, unevenness% and CSP of the yarn showed no significant difference. It was found that the blend of 35/35/30-E/C/P showed very good results followed by 65/35-E/C irrespective of the yarn count and yarn composition.

Keywords: Lyocell, Tencel, blends, eco-friendly fiber, yarn properties

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BIOPOLITICS AND ITS LIMITATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN FOUCAULT AND AGAMBEN

Lalit Kumar

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 533 - 537

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In the current political scenario, the notions of biopolitics and bare life are essential in order to have a better understanding of the rationale that underlies various counter terrorism legislations, forceful occupation of land by the imperialist forces, spate of refugee camps, state-sponsored pogroms, age-old suppression of rights and of the voice of the masses in various Indian states and above all the prolonged Iraq and Afghanistan wars. This paper makes an attempt to understand how various political thinkers such as Giorgio Agamben in his notion of “bare life” and Achille Mbembe in his formulation of “Necropolitics” have reappropriated Foucault’s notion of biopolitics in different ways and broadened its application in order to understand the violence perpetrated by the state in contemporary times.

Keywords: Biopolitics ,Violence, Power, State

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UNCERTAINTY AND CHAOS IN NAIPAUL’S A BEND IN THE RIVER

Yash Pal Singh

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 538 - 543

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This paper aims to throw light on some post-colonial African countries, which are left with disorder and chaos. Naipaul is a Diaspora writer and writes about the endemic problems these societies are grappling with. Disoriented and fragmented post colonial Africans are enormously examined by an outsider. The novel highlights the roles of the natives in the nation building after the colony gets independence. Corruption, dearth of education, and greed are the main causes of the political and social chaos here. The youths of the country are organized and led by an autocrat, which gives way to war and chaos. The loss of culture and identity throws these people into ‘no where’ position. Naipaul’s Africans are not efficiently equipped to tackle the emerging problems after independence.

Keywords: post-colonial, Diaspora, political and social chaos, culture clash, identity crisis, etc

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A RESEARCH PAPERON “STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTM

D. B. Bagul

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 544 - 550

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The study is based on Performance Appraisal System implemented in an engineering company named BHOR Engineering Pvt. Ltd. For the financial year 2013-14. Keywords: Performance Appraisal‚ PAS‚ BEPL‚ Personnel‚ Assessing Quantity‚ Points of view

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AN OVERVIEW OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING TOOLS AND ERESOURCES FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Manju Gupta

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 551 - 568

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Twenty first century is an era of technological explosion and information growth. There is a need to introduce information and communication technology in Teacher Education to prepare secondary school teachers to meet out the challenges of twenty first century. Application of information and communication technology for teachers is two-fold system. Firstly, teachers can use information and communication technology for their own professional growth and secondly they can use ICT for making teaching and learning process more effective during classroom teaching. Whether teachers use technology for self development or for enhancing pupil learning, it is always to develop their ICT skills first and then communicate to others. They need to acquire and develop professional knowledge and skills in use of information and communication technology. Teachers can reduce their work load by using information and communication technology. Their role will be changed from that of a teacher to that of a facilitator. They have to teach students how to select information and synthesize it and how to find a right way in conflicting and contradictory situations. Internet has become an integral part of our life. we need to accept and adopt the same to be called updated teacher and teacher educators of the modern technological society-learning and its concept in the context of education and modern learning has assumed great relevance for 21st centaury pedagogy. The two international commission and various national level committees in India in the past 30 years have stressed on a paradigm shift in the area of education, teaching and instruction. As a result, learning stands recognized as a life long process, supported by a system called multi-channeling-learning with the use of ICT offers the possibility for active, interactive and parallel interaction. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to give an overview about various E- resources and innovative learning tools for professional development. KEY WORDS: E-RESOURCES, INNOVATIVE LEARNING TOOLS, PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.

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M -LEARNING: A WAY OF LEARNING

J R Sonwane

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 569 - 572

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In line with the technology development, learning method has evolved and transformed in acquiring effective and efficient learning system. For the new age education, connectivity pedagogy is a new phase in the education system and mobile learning (m-learning) is one of the supporters for this connectivity pedagogy. M learning is considered as the next generation of elearning using mobile technologies. Students’ awareness of such technology is one of the most focuses for success adoption. This study aims to investigate effective of mobile technology in learning. A small experiment carried out on postgraduate students of education faculty. The procedure and result is shown here with qualitative discussion. Keywords. m- Learning, e- learning, learning technique

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INDUSTRIAL UNREST OR CONFLICT IN INDIA

Arun P Pardhi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 573 - 577

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NARESH MEHATA KE KATHA SAHITYA ME SAMAJ JEEVAN

Gaikwad Hanumant Yedu

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 578 - 580

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Downloads: 14

ACORN RISC MACHINE

Jitendra Marathe

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 581 - 585

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EXPLOITATION OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES: AN OVERVIEW

Vijay N. Suroshi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 586 - 593

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IN-SERVICE TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PRESENT SCENARIO

Ramarcha Prasad Pandey,

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 594 - 598

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The government of India has made commitments to fulfill the goals of “Education for All” and advocated

that by 2015 all children should have access to and complete free and compulsory primary education of

good quality. Inspite of considerable progress made during the last three decades, the problem of

illiteracy still continues to be the main national concern. India is home to almost 35% of the world’s

illiterates. The entire education system needs a thorough reorientation NPE (1986) placed great

emphasis on professional development through pre-service and in-service teacher education. Many

agencies and organizations conduct in-service programmes for professional development of teachers.

There are few lacunae which needs to be addressed urgently through follow up strategies. Professional

development of teachers constitutes developing awareness about their role and responsibilities to the

profession they are pursuing. It is often self directed, involving reading, critical reflection, conscious

analysis of oneself and one’s own work and a keen observation of learners and learning strategies (Singh

2008). Teacher development is a precursor of professional development. Teacher development is a

holistic term used in teacher preparation programmes. A programme in teacher development should

cater to the developing of right skills, Proper attitudes and adequate knowledge to implement the skills

and attitudes developed in the work they do. Teacher development is contrasted with teacher training and

teacher education which can both be offered by outside agencies, while development can happen only by

one’s own involvement (Wallace 1991). The NPE 1986 have placed great emphasis on the professional

development of teachers through two outside agencies i.e. teacher education and teacher training. The

NPE 1986 also maintained that pre-service and in-service teacher education is inseparable for the

development of teachers.

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ANALYSIS OF SOIL QUALITY USING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHARAI VILLAGE, TAHSIL-POLADPUR RAIGAD (M.S).

Sunil Pandurang Gawali

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 599 - 604

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In the present study the analysis of soil samples collected from the rice filed of At Charai village, Tahsil-Poladpur Raigad (M.S). In the first place soils samples from 10 representative locations were collected for their analysis of Physical parameters like PH, Electrical Conductivity(EC),Total Organic Carbon, Available Nitrogen (N), Available Phosphorus (P2O5) and available Potassium (K2O) were anlyzed. . These studies lead us to the conclusion of the nutrient\'s quanity of soil of Lunawada Taluka. Result show that overage the Charai village, Tahsil-Poladpur Raigad have various parameter like EC, PH, OC,N,P,K. This information will help farmers to decide the problems related to soil nutrients amount of fertilizers to be added to soil to make production economic.

Keywords: Soil, physic-chemical parameters, pH, Conductivity, Organic Carbon.

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IMPACT OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF GURU KABIR JI ON EDUCATION AND IT’S RELEVANCE TO MODERN SYSTEM OF EDUCATION

Rajni Bala & Vikram Seth

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 605 - 615

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Guru Kabir ji’s philosophy is based upon idealism. He tried to remove the caste system prevalent in the society at that time. He was of the view that human being is recognized by his work and not on the basis of religion and class. He was also in favor of providing equal opportunities to women in the society and also in the field of education. He was revolutionary in the field of education and touched every aspect of it. In respect of modern context Guru Kabir ji’s philosophy is required to study impact of the Philosophy of Guru Kabir ji on education and it’s importance as well. He was in favor of providing equal education to each and every section of the society. His ideas on various aspects of education are more relevant and are needed today than probably during his lifetime. In modern time Education system is suffering and as we know education is the base for civilians of any civilized society i.e why there is once again a need to revive the educational Philosophy of Guru Kabir ji.

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IMPACT OF EMPLOYEES STRESS ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE – A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO CO-OPERATIVE BANKS IN TELANGANA STATE

M. Sambaiah

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 616 - 620

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Currently co-operative banks are playing significant role in economic development of rural India. These banks give financial support to farmers for cultivation. In these process employees plays a major role to provide financial services to farmers in appropriate time. During this period employees have more responsibility and accountability towards their duties. This study finds how employees are balancing their stress during this period and also finds organizational motivational programs to encourage employees.

Keywords: Employees stress, Motivation, Employees Responsibility.

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PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS IN INDIA; ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Nitin Mohod

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 621 - 626

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The introduction of PRIs in India after the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was a watershed moment. It was believed that this would change the face of the rural landscape across the country which was lacking in even basic necessities. It was also affirmed by the policy makers that this would help in realizing the long-cherished dream of the framers of the constitution of making the last person on the periphery of the society a stake holder and participant in the process of his development. In the last decade, the working of the PRIs has shown deep routed fault lines which have acted detrimental to the goals envisaged in the constitution of India. A very large section of the society has been deprived of a water, electricity, education, health and as a consequence, decent standard of living. The paper takes a look at the major issues and problems faced by the Local Self- governments, particularly the Gram Sabha and the Gram Panchayat. Key words: PRI, local self-government, village, Gram Sabha, rural development, weaker section, decentralisation, empowerment, democracy

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ROLE OF INDUSTRY –ACADEMIA INTERACTION FOR ENTERPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION OF ENGINEERING STUDENTS

Ragini Agrawal

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 627 - 630

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Industry –Academia interaction in general , is the collaboration between industries and educational institutes. Motivation leads to enhancing an existing potential or asset through the process of learning and application. It is a process of evolving one’s skills in a systematic manner. Entrepreneurship development aims at individuals who want to start or possibly expand a business. Entrepreneurship development also focuses a lot on enhancing the ideas and potential of an entrepreneur. The aims of Industry –Academia interaction is necessary to entrepreneurial motivation and development. The development of a venture also has to be outlined in the concept. Without these two, there will be no clear goal. In terms of entrepreneurial motivation, we can see that “Job satisfaction” is ranked first and “Achieve political and social power” last. Both groups are extremely similar in terms of how they rank the different items although there are certain small differences: for example, computer engineers consider it more important to “Develop professionally and personally” rather than “Cover my personal needs”. In a similar way to what happened in job prospects, in motivation there is a higher level of agreement in terms of average values among industrial engineering students. Entrepreneurial potential , Public –Private partnership , Availability of trainers and facilitators and government policies are the variables, responsible to entrepreneurial motivation of Engineering students. Idea generation workshops, through workgroups, brainstorming, etc., for the development of innovative projects, so that they may be subsequently analyzed and the results discussed. Business plan creation workshop so that the plans may be presented in the classroom and academically assessed. Key-Words: Industry –Academia interaction , Motivation, Facilitators, Public –Private partnership(PPP)

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A STUDY OF THE OPINION OF PRIMARY TEACHERS AND PARENTS TOWARDS NEW CONTINUOUS COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE)

Dnyaneshwar J. Bhamare

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 631 - 635

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18,10,11,20,12,7,6,21,16,14,9,5,1,8,22,13,17,15,19

Golden Research Thoughts, Vol 1, ISSU IX, March, ISSN - 2231-5063. John W. Best, James V. Khan, 2006, ‘Research in Education’ (9th Edition), Delhi: Dorling Kind ersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Sharma R.A. ‘Essential of measurement in Educational Psychology’ (2001), Meerut (U.P.): Surya Publications. Souvenir of UGC sponsored National Seminar on Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation: Issues and Concerns Marc 2 - 3 2012, CASE, MS University Baroda, Vadodara.

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Four Division of the Vedic Literature

Dr. Vindumati Dwivedi

Issue: Sep-Oct, 2013 | Volume/Issue:2/8 | Page No.: 636 - 638

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