An Internationl Peer Reviewed

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Sciences & English Language

Aug - Sep, 2014, Vol-1/5

Impact Factor: -

ISSN: 2348-3083

Date: 2014-10-04

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A STUDY OF ADJUSTMENT OF TEACHERS WORKING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN HARYANA IN RELATION TO SEX, PLACE OF WORKING, MARITAL STATUS AND ACADEMIC RESULTS

B.P. Singh

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 643 - 649

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Teacher adjustment means how far a teacher is satisfied with his school building, school administration, and discipline and time table of school, methods of teaching students, other teachers and head of institution. For this purpose a sample of 800 teachers both male and female working in urban and rural schools of Haryana was taken. They were administered MTAI. The findings of the study indicates that there is a significant difference in result yielding teachers, male and female, working in rural and urban area, married and unmarried teachers. Teachers who are reasonably satisfied and adjusted are efficient and provide improvement in education. The level of adjustment of a teacher is directly linked with the efficiency in his work. The teacher besides intellectual activating, socially emerging and emotional integrating an individual, also takes the nation on the road of economic prosperity, social uplift, industrial advancement, vocational efficiency and cultural renaissance. Excellent teacher preparation and superior teaching have a continuous demand for the education infrastructure. Philosophers, psychologists and educationists have been debating on the qualities which contribute to teaching effectiveness. New innovations are done by the educationists who teach the children in an effective way, so as to cope with nation aspirations and need of the society.

Keywords: Adjustment, Teachers, Secondary, Academic, Results, marital Status.

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COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN TEACHER EDUCATION

Yashpal D. Netragaonkar

Received Date: 14/07/2014 | Accepted Date: 10/09/2014 | Published Date: 04/10/2014

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 650 - 659

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This report explores an importance of the Computer technology and Computer Assisted Instruction. Computer technology and Computer Assisted Instruction, Computer Mediated Instruction, play an important role in quality improvement in teacher Education. This article explains how the quality improved by using Computer technology and Computer Assisted Instruction. Further it explores the steps which are useful for designing the CAI program. In this compilation an investigator explains the principles, skills, and values of CAI. Effective use of Computer technology and Computer Assisted Instruction program leads to develop some characteristics those characteristics were also discussed which may yield a drastic quality improvement in teacher Education is also discussed.Some recommendations are made by investigator which will lead to bring up quality improvement in Teacher Education by using Computer technology and Computer Assisted Instruction program.

Keywords: - Computer Technology, Quality, Teacher Education

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SCIENTIFIC TEMPER AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF FIRST AND NON-FIRST GENERATION LEARNERS IN KASHMIR

Shabir Ahmad Bhat & Yashpal D Netragaonkar

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 660 - 669

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The focus of the study was to compare the first and non-first generation learners on scientific temper and academic achievement. The sample for the present study consisted of 800 students in which 400 were first generation learners and 400 were non-first generation learners. The investigators used Nadeem`s and Showkat Rashid`s Scientific temper scale to assess the scientific temper of sample subjects. The previous two years academic achievement served as academic indicator of the sample subjects. The investigator used various statistical techniques viz, mean, S.D., t-test to analyze the data. The statistical data revealed that there is significant difference between first and non-first generation learners on scientific temper and academic achievement. Non-first generation learners were found to have better scientific temper and academic achievement as compared to their counterparts.

Keywords: scientific temper, academic achievement, first and non-first generation learners.

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SELF CONCEPT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF UNDER-GRADUATE MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS OF KASHMIR

Javeed Ahmad Puju & Yashpal D Netragaonkar

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 670 - 676

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The aim of the study was to compare the undergraduate male and female students on self-concept and academic achievement. The sample for the present study consisted of 600 students in which 300 were undergraduate male students and 300 undergraduate female students. The investigators used Sagar and Sharma self-concept inventory to assess the self concept of sample subjects. The previous two years academic achievement served as academic indicator of the sample subjects. The investigator used various statistical techniques viz, mean, S.D., t-test to analyze the data. The statistical data revealed that there is significant difference between undergraduate male and female students on self-concept and no significance difference was found between male and female undergraduate students on academic achievement. Undergraduate male students were found to have better self concept as compared to their counterparts. Male and female undergraduate students were somewhat similar on academic achievement.

Keywords: self-concept, academic achievement, undergraduate, male and female

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CURRICULUM ANALYSIS OF SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMME: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND BHUTAN

Snehlata Verma & Yeshee Dorzi

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 677 - 689

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The study was carried out to analyze and compare the Secondary Teacher Education Curriculum of Royal University of Bhutan and University of Pune, India. The objectives of the study were to analyze the teacher education curriculum of India and Bhutan in terms of its relevance to the emerging educational context with reference to Indian/Bhutanese heritage, international understanding, teachers’ role, learners’ competencies, latest developments, values, professionalism and national and social concern. Curriculum analysis has been carried out based on the eight parameters of the emerging educational context. A self developed performa was used to analyze different modules offered in secondary teacher education curriculum by Royal University of Bhutan and different papers including Science practical offered in secondary teacher education curriculum by University of Pune, India. The researcher concludes that the curricula of the two universities are not relevant to the emerging educational context since the presence of parameters indicating emerging educational context are not reflected up to satisfactory level in almost all the papers of both the Universities except for teachers’ role, learners’ competencies and technology mediated learning in case of University of Pune, India. The researcher felt the immediate need to address the incorporation of missing parameters in all the papers up to satisfactory level in both the Universities as a means for preparing the future teachers to overcome and face any kind of challenges in emerging educational context.

Key words: University of Bhutan, University of Pune, Secondary teacher education, curriculum analysis, heritage, teachers’ role, learning competencies, international

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PRIMARY STAGE OF EDUCATION AND QUALITY CONCERNS: A CASE STUDY

Kashmir Singh

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 690 - 696

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Education has been recognized as a universal entitlement with every child’s right to education reaffirmed by the UN Convention on the Right of the Child, UNCRC (United Nations, 1989). This principle was translated into the World Declaration on education for All (UNESCO 1990) and in the targets set out in the Dakar Framework for Action (UNESCO, 2000). These targets include ensuring that by 2015 all children have access to good quality primary education, with particular attention to girls, ethnic minorities and children in difficult circumstances. The UNCRC asserts the right of every child to education compulsory and available free to all (Article 28). The Dakar EFA goals are wide–ranging. Some of the goals relating to primary education are that by 2015 all children, particularly girls, children in difficult circumstances and those belonging to ethnic minorities, have access to and are able to complete primary education that is free, compulsory and of good quality. Improving all aspects of the quality of education and ensuring excellence of all so that recognized and measurable learning outcomes are achieved by all, especially in literacy, numeracy and essential life skills. Expansion of primary education has been witnessed across the nation, however, there are still continuing concerns about the conditions of many government primary schools and the quality of education provided to them. It has been observed that there is a significant rural – urban divide, with rural schools tending to have poorer resources such as school infrastructure and teaching materials, fewer teachers per school, and higher dropout rates. Of the total primary schools in India without a building, almost 92% are located in rural areas (DISE, 2006:41). The vast majority of small schools in the Indian context are much more found in impoverished rural communities, particularly areas populated by scheduled Tribe (ST), Scheduled Caste (SC), or Other Backward Class (OBC) groups.

Key Words: UNCRC, Primary Education, Quality Concern, Rural Communities

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A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF GUJARATI DALIT WRITING

Atulkumar M. Parmar

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 697 - 705

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Gujarati Dalit Writing is an offshoot of the socio-political situation of the Dalits in Gujarat. The first generation of the educated Gujarati Dalits has passed through enormous atrocities either physical or psychological. They could not retaliate physically against the perpetrators of violence as demographically, economically and politically they lagged behind. Therefore, they have retaliated through literature and resisted against the oppressive socio-political structure of the society. The present paper charts out the journey the literary resistance of the Dalits of Gujarat.

Key Words: anti-reservation agitation, Gujarati Dalit Writing, Socio-political consciousness, committed writing, Ambedkarite movement, social sensibility

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SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN IN MANDI DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH: A CASE STUDY

Kuldeep Singh Katoch & Sh. Sunil Kumar

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 706 - 717

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In this, study an attempt has been made to study the existing status of SSA in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aims at providing access to schooling to all the in the age group of 6-14 years of elementary education of satisfactory quality. Keeping in view the experience of micro and macro level, educational intervention and to ensure equal opportunity to education to all. The Himachal Pradesh Primary Education Society (HPPES) which had the experience of implementing the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) in Himachal Pradesh was selected as a state level society to implement the SSA in the state. This paper focuses on the target of universalization and tries to assess the different strategies to achieve the target of hundred percent enrollments of the children of the age group of 6-14 years. In this paper the authors studied the perception of teachers undergone the various training programme by SSA, specially designed to cater the need of elementary teachers.

Keywords: SSA, Elementary Education, School Attendance, Enrolment and Retention

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TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS Parametric Test (T, Z, F) Chi-Square

Naginder kaur

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 730 - 739

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This article tries to explore the meaning of testing of hypothesis and find out its effect on research work. It aimed at to describe the process of different statistical test followed for the testing of hypothesis. Hypothesis is a most important tool of research. After formulation of hypothesis the researcher goes for its testing. For this purpose he goes step by step. First, he deduces its consequences, then conducts experiment or collect evidence to show that the consequences actually occur, and then tests, i.e., proves or disproves the hypothesis by applying some statically test in case of experimental researcher using internal-external criticism, sain case of historical research or critically analyzing the data in case of qualitative research.

ROLE OF NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN IMPARTING ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN CONTEXT TO RTE

Navdeep Kaur

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 740 - 746

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AUDIT RISK ASSESSMENT AND DETECTION OF MISSTATEMENT IN ANNUAL REPORTS FOR AUDIT FIRMS REGISTERED BY REGISTRATION ACCOUNTANTS BOARD (RAB) IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Fredrick Mukoma kalui & Linda .A. Okeyo

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 747 - 763

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Audit risk examines the relevant assertions related to balances, classes of transactions, or disclosures contained in misstatements that could be material to the financial statements when aggregated with misstatements in other balances, classes, or disclosures and the risk that the auditor will not detect such misstatements. With the collapse of Enron involving the misstatement of one of the Big 4, Arthur Andersen & Co. in the US and the CMC and Uchumi scandals in Kenya involving the big audit firms Delloitte and PwC, the argument for audits for big audit firms as synonymous with detection of misstatement has become questionable. Despite several studies having been done on overall misstatement risk none of them has addressed pervasive audit risk. The general objective of the study was to examine audit risk assessment and detection of misstatement in annual reports in audit firms registered by RAB in Nairobi County. The study evaluated four audit risk assessment i.e. inherent risk, control risk, engagement risk and detection risk against detection of misstatement. The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted all the registered audit firms by RAB in Nairobi county.the study employed systematic random sampling and had a sample of 254 firms. Data was collected from primary sources which involved a well structured questionnaire with an average reliability of 0.86. The data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS and a regression model so as toestablish whether the application of audit risk models statistically and significantly affects the detection of misstatement in financial statements. T-statistic was used to determine the significance level wherby the null hypothesis was rejected if it’s less then 0.05. A total of 254 questionnaires were administered and 155 were satisfactorily filled and considered for analysis, this formed 78%. The results revealed that the application of audit risk models statistically and significantly affects the detection of misstatement in financial statements. All the four risks tested had a t-test of less than 0.05, thus all the four null hypotheses were rejected. Hence the study concludes that audit risk model reduces the level of fraudulent financial reporting through detection of misstatement in audit practice and relevant recommendations were provided that would enhance the application of audit risk assessment in the audit of financial statement.
Key Words: inherent risk, control risk, detection risk, engagement risk, material, assertions,

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AN ANALYSIS OF AUDIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND CLIENT SATISFACTION FOR COMPANIES QUOTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE

Fredrick .Mukoma Kalui & Joab Anyika Mbakaya

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 764 - 785

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With the collapse of Enron involving the misconduct of one of the Big 4, Arthur Andersen & Co. in the US and the CMC and Uchumi scandals in Kenya involving the big audit firms Delloitte and PwC, the argument for audits for big audit firms as synonymous with quality audit has become questionable. Despite several studies having been done on audit quality, none of them has touched on the analysis of audit quality attributes in relation to client satisfaction for the listed companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The general objective of the study was to analyze audit quality attributes and client satisfaction for companies listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange and the study will be significant to the management of the listed companies and the audit firms alongside the scholars who may want to pursue the subject further. The study comprised of all the listed companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange as at 31st December 2013, they were 60 companies in number. The study reviewed literature on audit qualities which included audit reliability, audit tangibility, auditors assurance, auditors responsiveness and auditors empathy, also auditors experience and auditors independence were reviewed. Client satisfaction, empirical studies and theoretical review were also covered, the literature review finalized with the conceptual framework. The study employed descriptive study design and entailed the 60 listed companies as the population, which was taken as a census because of the small number. Primary data was collected by use of a structured questionnaire by use of drop and pick later. The collected data was analyzed first by use of descriptive statistics; correlation analysis was done to establish the relationship between the dependent and independent variablesand finally a regression analysis was performed on the model to test the hypotheses. A total of 60 questionnaires were sent out of which 49 were respondent to and 41 were satisfactorily filled and considered for analysis, this formed 84 percent response rate. The study found that only two out of five audit quality attributes (i.e., Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy, Tangibles, and Reliability) were statistically significant related to client satisfaction. Thus the two attributes of tangibility and responsiveness has a significant impact on the client satisfaction.
Key Words: an analysis of audit quality attributes and client satisfaction for companies quoted at the Nairobi Securities Exchange

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INTEGRATING EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS INTO ENGINEERING CURRICULUM: SOME INSIGHTS

P. Bharathi

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 786 - 793

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Engineering education has expanded to enormous dimensions and the statistics are scary to look at. The number of engineering institutes in India and the number of students graduating from these institutes are the highest in the world. But in recent times the placement records are on the contrary. Industries are complaining about spending huge sums on training these graduates who are not industry ready. How can this complaint be solved? Integrating employability skills into the existing engineering curriculum and introducing work integrated learning can pave the way in enhancing the required skills in engineering graduates. In the era of rapid globalization it is high time that these initiatives are taken up by the engineering institutes. To achieve this it is necessary to understand the nature of engineering employability skills framework, teaching and how to integrate them into the curriculum.

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BAHIRANG ENVA ANTRANG YOG SADHANA

Ghanshyam Singh Soni

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 794 - 804

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A STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN KERALA

Haider-e-Karrar

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 805 - 810

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Demographic characteristics play vital role in the development of an area, they are interrelated and independent. In the present study two indicators i.e. Literacy and Sex ratio have been analysed to find out their relationship by applying Spearman’s Rank Correlation method. Literacy and sex ratio are most important indicators of development in any particular area. Literacy is an index of human development and quality of human life. It affects birth rates on the one hand and also indicates the level of economic development, living standards, status of women and technological development etc. Sex ratio of a population refers to the balance between male and female in any population. It can be expressed either in the form of proportion of a particular sex in the population or as ratio between male and female. Kerala has highest literacy percentage in India. As per census 2011 93.91% people are literate, with male literacy 96.02% and female literacy 91.98% Palakkad district has lowest literacy (88.49%) while path Panamthittla highest (96.93%). All the district of Kerala has high sex ratio means females number are more than male. In 2001 Census Kerala Sex ratio was 1058 which has increased to 1084 in 2011 Census against nation average 940.

Key Words – Demographic, Literacy, Sex ratio, correlation

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AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN MAHARASHTRA – A TEMPORAL ANALYSIS

Haider-e-Karrar,

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 811 - 815

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Agriculture is the main stay of the people of Maharashtra but it constitutes only 11.4% of the total state income. Forest covers about 16.9% of total land area of Maharashtra. Inspite of all efforts for the development of agriculture in Maharashtra, there is no sign for overall improvement in these sectors. In the present study, six indicators pertaining to agriculture have been selected i.e. net Sown area, area sown more than once, gross cropped area, net irrigated area, consumption of fertilizers and number of electrified pumps, for temporal analysis to find out agricultural development since 1961 till 2011, the study shows that there is no significant change in the net sown area due to landscape of the region. However, there is little change in gross cropped area i.e. 61% (1961) to 75.7% (2011) of total area. The consumption of fertilizers has drastically increased from 0.16 kg (1961) to 30.30 kg (2011) per hectare due to increased in net irrigated area i.e. 6% (1961) to 18.4 % (2011). The number of electrified agricultural pumps has also increased due to financial help and to provide electricity for agricultural purpose on a concessional rate. There were only one pump on 2528 hectares net Sown area but in 2011 there is one pump on half hectares net sown area. Keeping in mind soil fertility and farmers conditions of the region appropriate planning are to be made and implemented with sincerity and honesty to increase the agricultural acreage and output to stop farmers from committing suicide.

Key words – Agriculture, net irrigated area, net sown area, gross cropped area, hectares.

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DISTANCE EDUCATION: THE NEW TENDENCIES IN THE DOMAIN OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FRENCH LANGUAGE

Mr. Jaivardhan Singh Rathore

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 816 - 829

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Every individual has the right to learn at any point of his life. Being a child, the individual is sent to school to inculcate the social and moral values through learning but at later stages an individual is independent to choose his/her own course of knowledge. At times, it becomes challenging to choose a specific domain due to many reasons which may include health issues, family or financial problems, lack of interest, location factors etc. Distance education has come in as a ray of hope for people keen in continuing or restarting their learning. Open and Distance Education (ODL) and distance learning (DL) denote training and curriculum followed remotely on the Internet that can lead to the certification through the different institutions, universities and private schools. ODL are integrated into the educational technologies that bring progress and scientific resources using information technology and communication that can be used in self-Supports educational resources available on the Internet and / or CD-ROM and DVD. The following paper tries to explore the advantages related to the Distance learning in the field of foreign languages with special concern on French language. At the same time, it tries to of unfold the new knowledge systems with respect to distance learning in French Language

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ECONOMIC RIGHTS OF INDIAN WOMEN – A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

Barkat Aftab Ahmed Khalid Ahmed

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 830 - 839

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The Socio-economic rights are a significant aspect of human rights issues for women. The radical change in recognizing the rights of women to a greater extent has helped to build her own Identity and withstand her rights against all discrimination. This has been revealed in a study undertaken for a long period of time. The women’s feminists’ movement questioned several discriminatory practices ratio against women being practiced. Discriminatory issues with women are hazardous for built up national economy. However, there was a foremost need for revolution to debar the discriminatory practice of status on the ground of gender. And gender based issues are violating the living rights of women in social life and revolution was created by feminist Movement. These movements largely contributed by feminist writing recognized the need to develop the socio-political and economical livelihood among women. Feminist theory emerged from these feminist movements includes general theories and theories about the origins of inequality, economic injustice and unlawful acts in some cases, about the social construction of sex and gender, in a variety of disciplines prevalent in a society. Feminist activists have campaigned for women’s rights as such, in contract, property, equal status and voting, while also promoting women’s rights from human right’s perspective at large. They have opposed domestic violence, sexual harassment and sexual assault, in economics, they have advocated for workplace rights, Reservations in service sectors including equal pay, duty hours and opportunities for careers and to start Entrepreneurships. Interventions of national and international legal instruments and legislations have added advantage, grace and recognized women’s rights. All this resulted in increase participation of women both in formal and informal job and service sector. However, the journey to heed her right did not end here; it was the beginning, the beginning to fight for her survival.

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VARTMAN SANDABHRA ME UCHHA SHIKSHA KI DASHA EVUM DISHA

Pushpa Devi Seth& Vishakha Shukla

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 840 - 843

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TO STUDY THE HUMAN RESOURCE KEY PERFOMANCE INDICATORS

D.B.Bagul

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 844 - 852

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The Study of Human Resource Key Performance Indicators (HR KPI) plays key role in Human Resource Management. Key Performance Indicators are commonly used by an organization to evaluate its success or success of particular activities in which it is engaged. For any manufacturing industry it\\\'s important to achieve their production target within given time, the production is closely related to employee absenteeism and employee turnover ratio. It is necessary to measure employee absenteeism and employee turnover ratio, where key performance indicators plays vital role. In Auto line Industries they have set following indicators to measure their performance.

 Absenteeism.

 Employee Turnover.

 Accident.

 Suggestion Scheme.

 Training Completion

For studying all these about KPI and their importance and the way to set the KPI in Auto line Industry I choose the Research topic “To Study the Human Resource Key Performance Indicators”(HR KPI)", at Autoline Industries.

Research was carried out at Auto line Industries Ltd., F-II block, Bhosari for 6 months. For this research done in the following way:-

Research Methodology used is Descriptive type, Sample size for satisfaction survey-50 and for exit interview-20, Feedback collected for data analysis is through Satisfaction survey and exit review interview.

Keywords: KPI‚ HR‚ Absenteeism‚ Employee Turnover‚ KSI‚ WPM

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WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

D.B.Bagul

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 853 - 860

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The topic given by my research guide was “A STUDY OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT”. The working capital is required for each and every industry and unit for their day to day operation. Company helps to meet their financial need by financing them, so that they can run their business unit smoothly without any scarcity of working capital

Keywords: ESL‚ FAT‚ SNF‚ PFA‚ APEDA‚ FDA

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SAHITYANUVAD KA SAIDHANTIK PAKSH

Nilkanth Giri

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 949 - 951

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AN INTRODUCTION TO MADRASA EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA

K. Mohammed Basheer

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 952 - 964

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The Madrasa education system is the largest non formal education network in India with more than 2 lakhs of Madrasas and 10 lakhs of teachers. It played a vital role in the field of inclusive education by providing education for the poor section of the society and in the development of Muslim education. Government of India has also extended needy support to the development of Madrasa education by providing funds through different minority schemes like Scheme for Providing Quality Education in Madrasa (SPQEM) , which was formerly known as Madrasa Modernization Scheme, launched in 1993-94. Indoctrination of value education as the major aim of the madrasa , it should be more concentrated over affective domain more than cognitive and psychomotor domains of learning . For attaining this aim, varities of teaching, learning experiences should be provided to the learners at the time of classroom interaction. Unfortunately, most of the madrasas are following the traditional ‘chalk and talk’ system of instruction. The present paper will talk about the present status of Madrasa education sin India , which originated several centuries ago in a different political and social context and how it continues to address the educational needs of a large section of Muslim population. Key words: Muslim Education, Madrasa Education, Quality Improvement, Curriculum Revision, Instructional Strategies, Teacher Empowerment, Madrasa Modernisation

18,10,11,20,12,7,6,21,16,14,9,5,1,8,22,13,17,15,19

Akhtar, Najma & Nerula, Manju, (2010). The role of Indian Madrasa in Providing Access to Mainstream Education for Muslim Minority Students: A West Bengal Experience ,Springer Science & Business Media. Ansari, Iqbal (2006). Political Represenation of Muslims in India(1952-2004) . New Delhi: Manak Publications.

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CONSTRUCTIVIST TEACHING-LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS

Mr. Sachin J. Sakhare

Received Date: 12/08/2014 | Accepted Date: 20/09/2014 | Published Date: 04/10/2014

Issue: Aug-Sep, 2014 | Volume/Issue:1/5 | Page No.: 965 - 963

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Education is the continuous process basically focused on facilitating learning, acquisition of knowledge, various skills, values, beliefs, habits, and personal development to all. The present conceptual paper is emphasis on the Constructivism concept, importance and strategies of adopting constructivism in the teaching and learning process. Now a days our current education system emphasizes on students centric Teaching-Learning. The conventional teacher centric teaching learning process emphasizing on memorization is usually adopted across length and breadth of Indian schools. This paper sketches the need to redefine education to include more creative thinking by adopting constructivist pedagogy. The paper also proposes the important aspects such as various strategies and need based learning in teaching-learning process for adoption of constructivism approach in the classrooms, besides this it also outlines the learning strategies and learning design required for successful implementation of constructivism in teaching learning process.

The present paper imbibes the Constructivist Teaching-Learning Strategies for Enhancing Geographical Concepts with prime objectives are (i) To understand the concept of Constructivism Approach. (ii) To discuss the Importance of Constructivist Teaching-Learning Strategies for Enhancing Geographical Concepts. (iii) To illustrate the Role of Teachers in implementing the Constructivism Approach for Geography Subject.

The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc.