Online or digital education in India is an innovative and big leap towards enhanced learning, structural development and knowledge acquisition through digital services and technology. The need for technology-based education in India has been heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has temporarily disrupted the Indian education system. Digital education in India is the way forward to learn and gain knowledge through technology. The Government of India plans and designs e-learning with digital pedagogy as a long-term strategy for the education sector. This has fostered a new era of learning that is not limited to schools. Today, the Ministry of Education is working on the concept of learning for all, by all and for all to enable better learning for students. As a part of this, the government has launched several programs and digital education guidelines with standards to address digital education and equitable learning in India. The new education policy approved in July 2020 proposes a digitally equipped school, more virtual laboratories and friendlier software to make teaching and learning more interesting and interactive. for Ensuring the quality of digital education at the primary school level requires the needs of both teachers and students skill Some notable initiatives in India in this direction are SWAYAM, NPTEL, ePGPathshala, MOOCS and many others.

Keywords - e-learning, digital pedagogy, SWAYAM, NPTEL, ePGPathshala, MOOCS etc.

Sports and video games are a means of mental and physical strengthening. In sports activities, we learn a lot. We find ways to maintain intellectual stability in hope and despair. They let us find a way to tackle difficult scenarios. Sports increase friendliness. They increase in us crew spirit. They assist in growing intellectual and bodily toughness. Sports and video games are very vital for us. They hold us healthful and fit. They provide us a extrade from the monotony of each day existence. It's a useful way to spend your free time and be physically active. Sports and video games help individuals grow. They give us strength and strength. Current research is approaching the tension between sporting and non-sporting activities. Sports clinics understand the extraordinary impact of a competitor's vision and focus on positioning the brain to overcome obstacles on the field while developing the confidence to achieve ideal performance. Each of us has an unknown source of energy that can tempt us to take on something so important. result Strengthening motivation is essentially separating behavior, developing an appropriate attitude and engaging in effective exercises into temporary exercises that work with progress.

The purpose of the study was to compare the physical and physiological fitness among Inter-collegiate level volleyball and Non-volleyball players. For this study 15 Volleyball and 15 Non –volleyball players were selected. The age of the players ranged between 18-25 years. The variables undertake for the study are flexibility, endurance, agility, strength, pulse rate, vital capacity and VO2 Max. Data was analyzed by using t-test independent, level of significance set at 0.05. Analyzed data showed that there is significant difference between volleyball and non-volleyball players in physical variables i.e. flexibility and strength & There is no significant difference between volleyball and non-volleyball players in physical fitness i.e. endurance and agility. Also Analyzed data showed that there was significant difference between volleyball and non-volleyball players in physiological variables i.e. pulse rate, vital capacity, and VO2 Max.

Today English is an international language, and it is also a link language. The importance of English has been increased in the present times. English language introduced us to the civilization of other countries, especially western culture. English has become an important element of contemporary Indian culture. English has proved as an effective system of communication. At the individual level, English is considered to be as a language, which provides opportunity of upward social mobility for people seeking advancement in the field of socio economic. It becomes a necessity for all the Indians to acquire the knowledge of English. The society of India is a multilingual, multicultural and pluralistic in nature. English is the most widely spoken language in India. It is used in different environment for different purpose for understanding the environment and to maintain the social activities; one has to make use of this language. In these days we recognize it as a library language because we get the treasure of tremendous knowledge through ancient books, and most of these ancient books present in English. In the global village, English Language has become the cardinal means of international affairs and communication. The use of the English Language is extended to the different fields of life and activities. The present study was conducted on 600 Muslim minority students from Hyderabad and Medchal districts of Telangana State. The result reveals that there was a significant difference in the learning of English language among the students with respect to age and gender.

Digital literacy refers to an individual’s ability to find evaluate, and clearly communicate information through typing and other media on various digital platforms. It is evaluated by an individual’s grammar, composition, typing skills and ability to produce text, images, audio and designs using technology. Focus of this paper is to find the level of Digital literacy of student’s teachers. In this study survey method has used and self-constructed questionnaire is used as tool for data collection. The finding of the study showed there is no significant difference in Digital literacy of Male and female student-teachers. There is significant difference in Digital literacy of English and Marathi Medium student-teachers.

Keywords-Digital, Digital literacy, student teachers

Yoga has a diverse range of things that it can offer. It could be said that a primary goal of yoga is to gain balance and control in one's life. To provide a sense of calm that comes from the practice of yogic exercises and the practice of breath control and also to provide independence and freedom from confusion and distress in one’s own personal life as well as in social life. Yoga teaches you that, when there is a perfect harmony between mind and body, we achieve total balance and control. Yoga education could help to equip oneself with basic knowledge about one’s personality, to learn to handle oneself well in all life situations, to learn techniques of gaining good health, to develop a discriminative mind capable of knowing the real from the unreal and to face the dualities of life with equanimity. Yoga education can enhance all the activities of the students, be it academic or sport or social. Yoga techniques provide improved attention in studies, better stamina and co-ordination for sports and a heightened awareness and balanced attitude for social activity. Yoga is a way to learn and understand the spiritual India. Also, yoga is associated with the culture and heritage of India. In Sanskrit, yoga means ‘to unite’ and describes a way to live a healthy life. In yoga, the mind is disciplined through meditation and the body is aligned and strengthened. As per yoga, it is actually the nervous system of the body that affects our health. The nervous system gets purified with daily yoga and thus keeps our body healthy and strong. The origin of yoga is considered to be as old as human civilization. But there is no strong evidence to prove this statement. In spite of extensive research in this field, there are no concrete findings regarding the origin of yoga. Yoga exercises have a strengthening effect on the nervous system through its non-tiring physiological activities that bring about poise of body and mind. Unlike the normal workouts that concentrate more on the inflation of the muscles, Yoga takes care of every little part of the anatomy. This paper discusses the role of yoga education for a health way of life.

Key Words: Yoga, Education, Asanas.

Teaching is deemed as a noble career. Teaching is a career only for those, who do not hold money in high regard and have passion for knowledge. Genuine interest in the profession is the most important virtue that one must possess. For teachers, learning and teaching are a complementary process. No profession is free of challenges. Teachers have to face several hurdles in their careers. Teachers have to recognize/understand children needs & their requirements, deficiencies, weakness, difficulties, problems & strengths etc. Recognizing the ‘power of teacher’ NEP 2020 has put in place systemic reforms that would help ‘teaching’ emerge as an attractive profession of choice for bright and talented young minds. It proposes several reforms to empower teachers and ‘restore the high respect and status’ to this profession hoping that it would eventually attract the best minds and talent to choose teaching as their profession. Teacher education as a whole needs urgent and comprehensive reform. There is a need to bring greater convergence between professional preparation and continuing professional development of teachers at all stages of schooling in terms of level, duration and structure. Considering the complexity and significance of teaching as a professional practice, it is imperative that the entire enterprise of teacher education should be raised to a university level and that the duration and rigour of programmes should be appropriately enhanced. The paper discusses the teacher educators for the present and future society. This article discusses about the teacher empowerment and NEP 2020.

Key Words: NEP 2020, Teacher Education, Empowerment

The environment and humans are interdependent. Without humans, the environment has no meaning and without the environment, human cannot imagine their existence on earth. This shows a direct relation between the both. But several human activities from the last few decades, on land, air, and water polluted the Environment. These all cause a huge loss of human lives and affect human health in terms of different communicable and non-communicable diseases. All these are constantly degrading human and environmental health. For good human and environmental health, everyone should be aware of holistic health and follow a healthy lifestyle. In this sense, the responsibility of Students of Teacher Education (STE) gets doubled in the sense that they prepare teachers, students, and citizens for their future regards. Therefore, it becomes necessary for STE to be aware of the term Sustainability and all SDGs, which ensures a sustainable livelihood for every individual. The objective of this study is to find out the perception of STE towards Sustainable Development Goal 3 - Good health and well-being. The sample comprises 113 STE (B.Ed. and M.Ed. students) of HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar. The quota sampling method has been taken to select the sample and Data has been collected through a self-developed questionnaire which consists of the items based on SDG-3. The present study will be helpful to train STE accordingly.

Keywords- Perception, SDG-3, Good Health and well-being, Students of Teacher Education (STE), Environment, Teacher Education

CdS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition technique, are characterized using scan electron microscopy. In this observation our object to improve the understanding of the response of mechanisms associated with the formation of CdS thin films. CdS thin film behaves like an effective buffer material for film based poly crystalline solar cells (CdTe). Various type mechanisms are involved in the formation of CdS thin film, in which ion by ion mechanism has an important role in formation of thin film. In this formation glass slide  is used as a substrate for deposition of CdS thin film. This work is done in ways, thin film was deposited at 70°C temperature glass substrate immersed into solution for 40 minutes and glass substrate immersed into solution at room temperature for 24 hours.

 Kew words : CdS thin film ,Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),

In an increasingly competitive and fast-moving labor market, its very crucial to understand the importance of human resource and their retention in the organization. Retaining top talent in the organization for a long time becomes a challenging job today.  Global research study also found that retaining employee in the organization for a long time is a challenging task.  Today employee retention is a high priority for leading HR organization. The HR manager need to take extra care while designing the policy specially in the health care sector to increase the job satisfaction. In today’s modern world, employee retention has become a critical aspects of modern human capital management programs. It can be avoided with prior management intervention which required expense revenue and employee experience and knowledge retention.The purpose of this study is to identify how employee can be retaining to avoid the numerous repercussions which affect normally on the organization and the industry.  The health care sector faced these challenges on a broad basis.

Keywords:- Employee retention, employee engagement and employee engagement, Turnover.

Following its independence, India sought amicable relations with China and made various efforts to strengthen bilateral relations in the 1950s; nonetheless, a conflict arose in 1962 as a result of border disputes. During the Rajiv Ghandi administration, efforts were made to enhance trade between China and India. Later, China became unease as a result of India’s infrastructural expansion along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), and both nations experienced numerous conflicts up until 2020. There was a significant trade gap between India and China on an economic level, which is truly cause for concern. China uses the Brahmaputra dam as a front to agitate India through the usage of rivers. Both India and China should try to maintain Peace and tranquillity on the border areas because it is clearly remaining the basis for normal relations. Along with it, India should raise issue of the human rights violations on Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang, China and take a strong stand against BRI. 

This study aims to analyse the congestion dynamics of the communication networks in the context of the smart cities of India with regard to changing infrastructural / technological scenario. The Indian smart city of Aligarh has been selected for study. The queueing model (M/M/1); a single server model with poisson arrival and exponential processing time distribution, has been used to analyse the communication system at different locations in the city. Various performance measures, such as utilisation, number of packets in the system, time spent by a packet in the system, latency and packet loss, have been determined and analysed.

Keywords: Communication Network, Smart City, Performance Measures, Latency, Packet loss.

This study aims to investigate the Big Five factors of personality among Physical Education teacher-trainees concerning gender differences. A thorough examination of existing literature, coupled with a meta-analysis, revealed inconsistencies in the comparison of Big Five factors across diverse populations concerning gender. Study was delimited to Physical education teacher-trainees studying in colleges and departments of physical education located at Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur and Kapurthala Districts of Punjab. The final sample consisted of 228 (Female=92; Male=136) Physical education teacher-trainees from these districts. Big Five Inventory (BFI) developed by John, Donahue, and Kentle (1991) was used to measure Big Five Factors of Personality of Physical education teacher-trainees. Analysis in relation to t test revealed that male and female Teacher-trainees had equal level of all Factors of Personality under Big Five Factors of Personality except Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Female Teacher-trainees had higher level of Agreeableness Factor of Personality under Big Five Factors of Personality than male Teacher-trainees. Male Teacher-trainees had higher level of Conscientiousness Factor of Personality under Big Five Factors of Personality than female Teacher-trainees.

In an educational setting teacher plays a crucial role. Teacher has a lasting impact on the students lives. Hence it is important for the teachers to know and understand every child in their classroom. Teachers need to look at each child with the same lens irrespective of their differences. In today’s global world diversity is thriving and the classrooms are full of children coming from different cultural backgrounds. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers big five personality traits and their cultural competence. The sample of the study consisted of school teachers from Mumbai region. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the big five factors of personality and cultural competence. Hence it is important for teachers to have a well-integrated personality to embrace the diversity in the classrooms.

Key Words: Big Five Personality factors, Diversity, Cultural Competence

The present conceptual research focused on the study is to discuss the Impact of Population growth in India. Presently, India's populace is growing at an unsustainable rate and is anticipated to outperform 1.5 billion individuals by 2030 and 2 billion individuals by 2050. The country's fast populace development puts weight on assets and administrations, leading to natural debasement, destitution, and inequality. India is the world’s most crowded nation, with over 1.3 billion individuals. It overwhelms China to become the world’s most populated nation. Overpopulation could be an issue in India, as the country’s populace is developing at an unsustainable rate. This quick development is putting a gigantic weight on India’s assets and is contributing to natural corruption, poverty, and social distress. The government has taken a few steps to address the issue, but much more should be done. The display paper considers the effect of Populace development in India with prime goals are- (i) To examine the populace development in India from 1901-2021. (ii) To investigate the Causes of Populace Increment in India. (iii) To discuss the effect of popular development in India. The technique of the inquire could include an interpretative, discussion, perception, and consider auxiliary sources, like books, articles, diaries, proposals, college news, master supposition, and websites, etc.

Since creativity increases cognitive complexity, it is beneficial in the classroom. Deep understanding and efficient use of that information are prerequisites for creativity. Utilizing one's current knowledge and abilities in a given field or situation to explore novel approaches toward the achievement of desired results is the essence of creativity, which adds to one's skill set. It evolves gradually and works best when the creative process starts when people are at least somewhat knowledgeable and skilled. In keeping with the ramp example from earlier, a student, rolling a ball down an incline might discover that the ball moves quicker down an incline and slower down an inclination. This finding could open up new avenues for the student. Creativity has become a growing area of interest once more within the educational community and the society at large. Creativity is identified as a major aim of education throughout the world. Creativity and innovation are becoming increasingly important for the development of the 21st-century knowledge society. Education is seen as central to fostering creative and innovative skills. Creativity and innovation can play an important role in the knowledge society. The study of 21st-Century Indian Knowledge Society and Creativity in education is not just an opportunity, but also a necessity

All Round Development is the theme of the modern Education which emphasizes that when the child comes to the school, he comes to gain intellectual, Physical, Social, Spiritual and vocational smartness as such he must be educated and nourished in all of them. According to modern concept of education the three traditional 3R’s should be replaced be 7R’s i.e., Reading; Writing, Arithmetic, Rights, Responsibilities, Recreation and Relationship, this can be achieved only Providing a well-organized and supervised Program of Co-Curricular activities along with curricular programme. The objective of this study was to assess the status of implementation of Co-Curricular activities and suggest the possible solutions for the problem that encountered during implementation. This article may give insight idea on how much Co-Curricular activity can be implemented. It may also create an awareness of Co-Curricular activities that shows the strength and weakness of Co-Curricular program that has been implemented.

Key words: - Co-Curricular activities, Schools, Teachers etc.